考研英语完形 · 真题精练

考研完形 PC015・【英一】真题精练 2016–2020

逐篇逐空 · 原文逐字 + 20题×4选项 + 逐空原创解析

【英一】 · 2016

【英一】英语(一) · 2016完形 · 柬埔寨的择偶、婚礼与离婚习俗（marriage customs）（社会文化说明文 · 正文约258词）

In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.

Divorce is legal and easy to 14, but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	as well as	by way of	on behalf of	with regard to
2	adapt to	provide for	compete with	decide on
3	renew	close	arrange	postpone
4	In theory	In time	Above all	For example
5	Although	Lest	After	Unless
6	within	into	from	through
7	since	or	so	but
8	test	recite	copy	create
9	folding	piling	wrapping	tying
10	passing	lighting	hiding	serving
11	association	meeting	collection	union
12	grow	part	live	deal
13	whereas	until	for	if
14	follow	obtain	challenge	avoid
15	isolated	persuaded	viewed	exposed
16	whatever	however	whenever	wherever
17	changed	brought	shaped	pushed
18	withdrawn	invested	donated	divided
19	clears	shows	warms	breaks
20	while	once	so that	in that

答案（1–20）：1.A　2.D　3.C　4.A　5.C　6.B　7.D　8.B　9.D　10.A　11.D　12.C　13.B　14.B　15.C　16.A　17.B　18.D　19.B　20.A

逐空原创解析

逻辑/短语 A. not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the young woman「不仅男方父母朋友，还有女方的」，as well as=以及，并列双方亲属。by way of『经由』、on behalf of『代表』、with regard to『关于』不表并列。

词义/短语 D. A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own「男子可自行选定意中人」，decide on=选定。adapt to『适应』、provide for『供养』、compete with『竞争』不合。

词义/动词 C. ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations「请父母安排婚事谈判」，arrange=安排。renew『更新』、close『结束』、postpone『推迟』与“择偶流程”不符。

逻辑/短语 A. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen「理论上，女孩可否决父母选定的配偶」，In theory 与实际惯例对照。In time『及时』、Above all『首要』、For example『例如』不合。

逻辑/连词 C. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other「选定配偶后，双方家庭互相调查」，after 表时间先后。Although『尽管』、Lest『以免』、Unless『除非』逻辑反。

固定搭配 B. make sure its child is marrying into a good family「确保孩子嫁入/娶入好家庭」，marry into=通过婚姻进入某家庭。within/from/through 不成立。

逻辑/连词 D. Formerly it lasted three days, but by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half「从前持续三天，但到1980年代通常一天半」，前后对比转折。since『自从』、or『或者』、so『所以』逻辑反。

词义/动词 B. priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing「僧侣简短讲道并诵念祝福祷文」，recite=吟诵。test『测试』、copy『抄写』、create『创作』不与 prayers 搭配表宗教仪式。

词义/动词 D. tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the wrists「把浸过圣水的棉线系在新人手腕上」，tying=系、绑。folding『折叠』、piling『堆叠』、wrapping『包裹』不与 threads/wrists 搭配。

固定搭配 A. passing a candle around a circle of…couples「在一圈夫妇间传递蜡烛」，pass around=依次传递。lighting『点燃』、hiding『藏』、serving『服务』与 around a circle 的“轮传”不符。

复现/名词 D. to bless the union「为这段结合祈福」，union=婚姻结合，与 wedding/newlyweds 复现。association『协会』、meeting『会议』、collection『收集』不合。

词义/动词 C. may live with them up to a year「可与岳父母同住一年」，live with=同住。grow with『一同成长』、part with『舍弃』、deal with『处理』不合。

逻辑/连词 B. until they can build a new house nearby「直到他们能在附近盖新房」，until 表“直到……才分开住”。whereas『然而』、for『因为』、if『如果』逻辑反。

词义辨析·动词 B. Divorce is legal and easy to obtain「离婚合法、在程序上也容易获准办理」，obtain=取得、获准；与 legal 并列，再以 but not common 转折：法律上容易取得，现实中却不普遍。干扰 follow『跟随』、challenge『挑战』、avoid『避免』均不与“离婚在法律上容易取得”这一程序含义搭配。

固定搭配 C. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval「离婚者受到某种非议」，be viewed with=被以……看待。isolated『孤立』、persuaded『说服』、exposed『暴露』不与 with disapproval 搭配。

词义/代词 A. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought「双方各自保留带入婚姻的任何财产」，whatever=无论什么，修饰 property。however『然而』、whenever『无论何时』、wherever『无论何地』不修饰名词。

固定搭配 B. property he or she brought into the marriage「他/她带入婚姻的财产」，bring into=带入，与上文 whatever property 复现。changed『改变』、shaped『塑造』、pushed『推』不合。

复现/动词 D. jointly-acquired property is divided equally「共同获得的财产平分」，divide=分割，与 equally 呼应。withdrawn『撤回』、invested『投资』、donated『捐赠』不合。

固定搭配 B. a gender prejudice shows up「性别偏见显现出来」，show up=出现、显露。clears up『放晴/解决』、warms up『热身』、breaks up『破裂』与 prejudice 搭配不符。

逻辑/连词 A. The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period…while the woman must wait ten months「离异男性无需等待期，而女性须等十个月」，while 表对比并列。once『一旦』、so that『以便』、in that『在于』逻辑反。

本篇核心词 / 搭配

as well as 以及
decide on 选定
arrange negotiations 安排谈判
in theory 理论上
marry into 通过婚姻进入
recite prayers 诵经
tie cotton threads 系棉线
pass around 依次传递
live with 同住
easy to obtain 容易获得
be viewed with 以……看待
bring into 带入
divide equally 平分
show up 显现

【英一】 · 2018

【英一】英语(一) · 2018完形 · 信任的心理机制：催产素与对欺骗的第六感（trust & oxytocin）（科普实验说明文 · 正文约257词）

Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3.

4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.

11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty—and realized the tester had 17 them.

Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	on	like	for	from
2	faith	concern	attention	interest
3	benefit	debt	hope	price
4	Therefore	Then	Instead	Again
5	Until	Unless	Although	When
6	selects	produces	applies	maintains
7	consult	compete	connect	compare
8	at	by	of	to
9	context	mood	period	circle
10	counterparts	substitutes	colleagues	supporters
11	Funny	Lucky	Odd	Ironic
12	monitor	protect	surprise	delight
13	between	within	toward	over
14	transferred	added	introduced	entrusted
15	out	back	around	inside
16	discovered	proved	insisted	remembered
17	betrayed	wronged	fooled	mocked
18	forced	willing	hesitant	entitled
19	In contrast	As a result	On the whole	For instance
20	inflexible	incapable	unreliable	unsuitable

答案（1–20）：1.C　2.A　3.D　4.B　5.D　6.B　7.C　8.D　9.B　10.A　11.B　12.B　13.A　14.C　15.D　16.A　17.C　18.B　19.A　20.C

逐空原创解析

固定搭配 C. a necessary condition for many worthwhile things「许多有价值之事的必要条件」，condition for=……的条件。on/like/from 不成立。

复现/名词 A. putting your faith in the wrong place「把信任放错地方」，faith=信任，与全文 trust 主题复现。concern『关切』、attention『注意』、interest『兴趣』不表“信任”。

词义/名词 D. often carries a high price「往往代价高昂」，price=代价，与 high 搭配。benefit『益处』方向反；debt『债务』、hope『希望』不与“信任错付”呼应。

逻辑/副词 B. Then, why do we trust at all?「那么，我们究竟为何要信任？」，承接上文转入设问。Therefore『因此』因果反；Instead『相反』、Again『再次』不合。

逻辑/连词 D. When people place their trust…their brains release oxytocin「当人们信任他人时，大脑释放催产素」，when 引出时间条件。Until『直到』、Unless『除非』、Although『尽管』逻辑反。

词义/动词 B. a hormone that produces pleasurable feelings「一种产生愉悦感的激素」，produce=产生。selects『选择』、applies『应用』、maintains『维持』不与 feelings 搭配。

复现/动词 C. triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to connect with one another「激发群居本能，促使人类彼此联结」，connect with=建立联系。consult『咨询』、compete『竞争』、compare『比较』与 herding instinct 不符。

固定搭配 D. exposure to this hormone「接触这种激素」，exposure to 固定搭配。at/by/of 不成立。

词义/名词 B. puts us in a trusting mood「使我们处于信任的情绪中」，mood=心情、情绪。context『语境』、period『时期』、circle『圈子』不与 trusting 搭配。

复现/名词 A. than were their counterparts who inhaled something else「与吸入其他东西的对照组相比」，counterparts=相对应的人（对照组）。substitutes『替代品』、colleagues『同事』、supporters『支持者』不合。

固定短语 B. Lucky for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty「我们幸运的是，对不诚实还有第六感」，lucky for us=我们所幸。Funny/Odd/Ironic for us 不构成惯用褒义转折。

词义/动词 B. a sixth sense for dishonesty that may protect us「可能保护我们的第六感」，protect=保护。monitor『监控』、surprise『使惊讶』、delight『使愉悦』与“避险”不符。

固定搭配 A. can differentiate between a credible person and a dishonest one「能区分可信者与不可信者」，differentiate between A and B 固定搭配。within/toward/over 不成立。

固定搭配 C. Sixty toddlers were each introduced to an adult tester「每个幼儿都被引见给一位成年测试者」，be introduced to=被引见给。transferred『转移』、added『添加』、entrusted『委托』不合。

词义/副词 D. Each subject was then invited to look inside「随后每个孩子被邀请往容器里看」，与“what’s in here”对应，look inside=往里看。out/back/around 与容器内探究不符。

词义/动词 A. the other half discovered the container was empty「另一半孩子发现容器是空的」，discover=发现。proved『证明』、insisted『坚持』、remembered『记得』与“开箱才知”不符。

词义/动词 C. realized the tester had fooled them「意识到测试者骗了他们」，fool=愚弄，与 dishonesty 复现。betrayed『背叛』、wronged『冤枉』、mocked『嘲笑』不表“空盒假惊喜”。

固定搭配 B. the majority were willing to cooperate with the tester「大多数愿意配合测试者」，be willing to do=愿意。forced『被迫』方向反；hesitant『犹豫』、entitled『有权』与“信任领导”不符。

逻辑/短语 A. In contrast, only five of the 30 children…participated「相比之下，30个孩子中只有5个参加」，前后两组对比。As a result『结果』因果反；On the whole『总体』、For instance『例如』不合。

复现/形容词 C. the “unreliable” tester「“不可靠”的测试者」，unreliable 与上文 dishonest、tricked 复现。inflexible『固执的』、incapable『无能的』、unsuitable『不合适的』不指“不可信”。

本篇核心词 / 搭配

a necessary condition for …的必要条件
put faith in 信任
carry a high price 代价高昂
place trust in 信任
produce pleasurable feelings 产生愉悦
connect with 与……联结
exposure to 接触
a trusting mood 信任的情绪
counterparts 对照组
lucky for us 我们所幸
protect us 保护我们
differentiate between 区分
be introduced to 被引见
be willing to 愿意
in contrast 相比之下

【英一】 · 2020

【英一】英语(一) · 2020完形 · Sunday roast 与 FSA 食品警告（烤牛肉与丙烯酰胺之争）（ · 正文约255词）

Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter’s day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.

The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.

Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof. 12 the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14, it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15.

Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, its 19 risks coming across as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	In	Towards	On	Till
2	match	express	satisfy	influence
3	patience	enjoyment	surprise	concern
4	intensified	privileged	compelled	guaranteed
5	issued	received	ignored	cancelled
6	under	at	for	by
7	forget	regret	finish	avoid
8	partially	regularly	easily	initially
9	Unless	Since	If	While
10	secondary	external	conclusive	negative
11	insufficient	bound	likely	slow
12	On the basis of	At the cost of	In addition to	In contrast to
13	interesting	advisable	urgent	fortunate
14	As usual	In particular	By definition	After all
15	resemblance	combination	connection	pattern
16	made	served	saved	used
17	To be fair	For instance	To be brief	In general
18	reluctantly	entirely	gradually	carefully
19	promise	experience	campaign	competition
20	follow up	pick up	open up	end up

答案（1–20）：1.C　2.A　3.B　4.D　5.A　6.B　7.D　8.A　9.D　10.C　11.C　12.A　13.B　14.D　15.C　16.B　17.A　18.B　19.C　20.D

逐空原创解析

固定搭配 C. On a cold winter’s day「在一个寒冷冬日」，具体某天用介词 on。In/Towards/Till 不与 a…day 搭配表“在某天”。

词义/动词 A. few culinary pleasures can match it「罕有美食能与之媲美」，match=比得上。express『表达』、satisfy『满足』、influence『影响』不表“匹敌”。

复现/名词 B. the food police are determined that this enjoyment should be rendered a guilty pleasure「食品警察决意把这种享受变成有罪的快感」，enjoyment=享受，与 pleasures 复现。patience『耐心』、surprise『惊讶』、concern『关切』方向/语义反。

词义/动词 D. another guilty pleasure guaranteed to damage our health「另一种注定损害健康的“有罪快感”」，guaranteed to do=必定。intensified『加强』、privileged『享有特权』、compelled『被迫』不合。

固定搭配 A. The FSA has issued a public warning「FSA 发布了一份公开警告」，issue a warning 固定搭配。received『收到』方向反；ignored『忽视』、cancelled『取消』不合。

固定搭配 B. a compound that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures「高温烹饪食物中形成的化合物」，at high temperature 固定介词。under/for/by 不成立。

词义/动词 D. people should avoid crisping their roast potatoes「人们应避免把烤土豆烤得太脆」，avoid doing=避免做。forget『忘记』、regret『后悔』、finish『完成』与“健康告诫”口吻不符。

词义/副词 A. only partially toast their bread「只把面包稍微烤一烤」，partially=部分地，与 crisping/rejecting 并列表“别烤透”。regularly『定期』、easily『容易』、initially『最初』不合。

逻辑/连词 D. While studies have shown…there is no conclusive evidence「尽管研究表明……，但没有确凿证据」，while 引让步转折。Unless『除非』、Since『自从/因为』、If『如果』逻辑反。

词义/形容词 C. no conclusive evidence that it causes cancer in humans「没有确凿证据表明它致癌」，conclusive=确凿的、定论性的。secondary『次要』、external『外部』、negative『负面』与“证据充分”对位。

词义/形容词 C. the compound is likely to cause cancer but have no hard proof「该化合物可能致癌，但无铁证」，be likely to=可能。insufficient『不足』不接 to cause；bound『必定』与 but 后“无证据”矛盾；slow『缓慢』不合。

固定短语 A. On the basis of the precautionary principle「基于预防原则」，on the basis of=根据。At the cost of『以……为代价』、In addition to『此外』、In contrast to『与……对比』逻辑反。

词义/形容词 B. it is advisable to follow the FSA advice「听从 FSA 建议是明智的」，advisable=可取的。interesting『有趣』、urgent『紧迫』、fortunate『幸运』与“预防原则下”的理性建议不符。

逻辑/短语 D. After all, it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years「毕竟，吸烟致癌的传闻多年后才获证实」，举例支持预防原则。As usual『照例』、In particular『尤其』、By definition『按定义』不合。

词义/名词 C. before the evidence was found to prove a connection「在找到证据证明（吸烟与癌症的）联系之前」，connection=关联。resemblance『相似』、combination『结合』、pattern『模式』不合。

固定搭配 B. boiled beef can always be served up on Sunday「煮牛肉周日总可以端上桌」，serve up=端上（食物）。made up『编造』、saved up『积蓄』、used up『用完』与 beef 搭配不符。

逻辑/短语 A. To be fair, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods「平心而论，FSA 并非叫人完全戒掉烤制食物」，to be fair=说句公道话。For instance『例如』、To be brief『简言之』、In general『通常』不合。

词义/副词 B. not telling people to cut out roast foods entirely「并非叫人完全戒掉」，entirely=完全地，与后文 reduce 对照。reluctantly『不情愿』、gradually『逐渐』、carefully『小心』不与 cut out 程度对位。

复现/名词 C. its campaign risks coming across as pushy「这场宣传活动可能显得强人所难」，campaign=宣传运动，与 warning/advice 复现。promise『承诺』、experience『经历』、competition『竞争』不合。

固定搭配 D. Constant health scares just end up with no one listening「持续的健康恐吓最终落得无人理会」，end up with=以……告终。follow up『跟进』、pick up『捡起』、open up『打开』不合。

本篇核心词 / 搭配

on a cold winter’s day 在寒冷冬日
match it 与之媲美
a guilty pleasure 有负罪感的享受
guaranteed to do 必定
issue a warning 发布警告
at high temperatures 高温下
avoid doing 避免做
while 尽管
conclusive evidence 确凿证据
be likely to 可能
on the basis of 基于
advisable 明智的
after all 毕竟
prove a connection 证明联系
serve up 端上
to be fair 平心而论
cut out 戒除
end up with 以……告终

PC015 · 小结

本课要点：英一 2016 柬埔寨婚俗 / 2018 信任与催产素 / 2020 烤牛肉与 FSA 警告。三篇均为“在语篇里选词”——先读首句定基调，再逐空判类型（句间逻辑 / 词义辨析 / 固定搭配·介词 / 复现呼应）。高频抓手：逻辑连接词（Though/While/However/For example/In contrast/After all）、介词固定搭配（rooted in / subject to / applied to / exposure to / feedback on）、以及与上下文复现的名词（trust–faith、connection–access、beauty–appreciation）。

配套使用：长难句分析见 PG 系列 kaoyan-pg001；按套卷限时演练见 PP 系列 kaoyan-pp001。

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