考研英语完形 · 真题精练

考研完形 PC016・【英一】真题精练 2022–2026

逐篇逐空 · 原文逐字 + 20题×4选项 + 逐空原创解析

【英一】 · 2022

【英一】英语(一) · 2022完形 · 植物神经生物学之争：植物是否有意识（plant neurobiology）（科普观点驳论文 · 正文约262词）

The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was 1 around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals. 3 plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 4 consciousness, researchers previously reported.

But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called 6 of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.

Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, 8 “a plant nervous system, 9 to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz. “They 10 claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’ at their root tips.”

This 11 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, 12 it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. 13 , the signaling in a plant is only 14 similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,” Taiz said.

“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15 of complexity and capacity is required,” he 16 . “Since plants don’t have nervous systems, the 17 that they have consciousness are effectively zero.”

And what’s so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can’t run away from 18 , so investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy, according to the article.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	coined	discovered	collected	issued
2	attributed	directed	compared	confined
3	Unless	When	Once	Though
4	coped with	consisted of	hinted at	extended to
5	suffers	benefits	develops	differs
6	acceptance	evidence	cultivation	creation
7	doubted	denied	argued	requested
8	adapting	forming	repairing	testing
9	analogous	essential	suitable	sensitive
10	just	ever	still	even
11	restriction	experiment	perspective	demand
12	attaching	reducing	returning	exposing
13	However	Moreover	Therefore	Otherwise
14	temporarily	literally	superficially	imaginarily
15	list	level	label	load
16	recalled	agreed	questioned	added
17	chances	risks	excuses	assumptions
18	danger	failure	warning	control
19	represents	includes	reveals	recognizes
20	humble	poor	practical	easy

答案（1–20）：1.A　2.C　3.D　4.C　5.D　6.B　7.C　8.B　9.A　10.D　11.C　12.B　13.A　14.C　15.B　16.D　17.A　18.A　19.D　20.B

逐空原创解析

词义/动词 A. the term “plant neurobiology” was coined around the notion「“植物神经生物学”这一术语是围绕这一观念被创造出来的」，coin a term=创造术语。discovered『发现』、collected『收集』、issued『发布』不与 term 搭配表“造词”。

固定搭配 C. some aspects of plant behavior could be compared to intelligence in animals「植物行为的某些方面可与动物智力相比」，be compared to=被比作。attributed to『归因于』、directed to『指向』、confined to『局限于』不合。

逻辑/连词 D. Though plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals…nonetheless triggered responses「尽管植物没有大脑，其茎叶电信号仍触发了反应」，though 引让步，与 nonetheless 呼应。Unless『除非』、When『当』、Once『一旦』逻辑反。

词义/短语 C. responses that hinted at consciousness「暗示意识的反应」，hint at=暗示。coped with『应对』、consisted of『由……组成』、extended to『延伸到』不与 consciousness 搭配。

固定搭配 D. it differs so greatly from that of animals「它与动物的差异如此之大」，differ from=与……不同，与 so greatly 呼应。suffers from『遭受』、benefits from『得益于』、develops from『由……发展』逻辑反。

复现/名词 B. so-called evidence of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive「所谓植物智力的证据尚无定论」，evidence=证据，与 inconclusive 搭配。acceptance『接受』、cultivation『培育』、creation『创造』不合。

词义/动词 C. some scientists have argued that plants possess neuron-like cells「一些科学家主张植物拥有类神经元细胞」，argue=主张、论证。doubted『怀疑』方向反；denied『否认』反；requested『请求』不合。

词义/分词 B. forming “a plant nervous system”「形成“植物神经系统”」，现在分词作结果，form=构成。adapting『适应』、repairing『修复』、testing『测试』不合。

固定搭配 A. analogous to that in animals「与动物的神经系统类似」，analogous to=与……类似，呼应 compared to。essential to『对……必要』、suitable to『适合』、sensitive to『对……敏感』不合。

逻辑/副词 D. They even claimed that plants have ‘brain-like command centers’「他们甚至声称植物有“类脑指挥中心”」，even 表递进强调。just『仅仅』、ever『曾经』、still『仍然』不表递进加码。

词义/名词 C. This perspective makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain「若把复杂大脑简化，这种观点就说得通」，perspective=视角、观点。restriction『限制』、experiment『实验』、demand『要求』不合。

固定搭配 B. reducing it to an array of electrical pulses「把它简化为电脉冲阵列」，reduce A to B=把A简化为B。attaching『附于』、returning『返回』、exposing『暴露』不合。

逻辑/副词 A. However, the signaling in a plant is only superficially similar「然而，植物中的信号仅表面相似」，转折反驳。Moreover『递进』、Therefore『因果』、Otherwise『否则』逻辑反。

词义/副词 C. only superficially similar to the firing in a complex animal brain「仅与复杂动物大脑的放电表面相似」，superficially=表面地。temporarily『暂时』、literally『字面地』、imaginarily『想象地』与“相似程度浅”不符。

固定搭配 B. a brain with a threshold level of complexity and capacity「达到一定复杂与容量阈值水平的大脑」，level of complexity=复杂程度。list『清单』、label『标签』、load『负载』不与 threshold/complexity 搭配。

词义/动词 D. he added「他补充道」，引述专家追加观点。recalled『回忆』、agreed『同意』、questioned『质疑』与引号内新增论述口吻不符。

词义/名词 A. the chances that they have consciousness are effectively zero「它们有意识的几率实际上为零」，chances=可能性，与 zero 搭配。risks『风险』、excuses『借口』、assumptions『假设』不合。

复现/名词 A. Plants can’t run away from danger「植物无法逃离危险」，与后文 a threat 复现。failure『失败』、warning『警告』、control『控制』不与 run away from 搭配。

词义/动词 D. a body system which recognizes a threat and can feel pain「一个能识别威胁并感知疼痛的身体系统」，recognize=识别。represents『代表』、includes『包括』、reveals『揭示』不与 threat 搭配。

词义/形容词 B. would be a very poor evolutionary strategy「会是非常糟糕的进化策略」，poor=拙劣的，与“无法逃险却耗能感知”逻辑一致。humble『谦卑』、practical『实用』、easy『容易』方向反。

本篇核心词 / 搭配

coin a term 创造术语
be compared to 被比作
though 尽管
hint at 暗示
differ from 与……不同
evidence is inconclusive 证据无定论
argue that 主张
analogous to 与……类似
reduce A to B 把A简化为B
superficially similar 表面相似
threshold level 阈值水平
chances are zero 几率为零
run away from danger 逃离危险
recognize a threat 识别威胁
a poor strategy 糟糕策略

【英一】 · 2024

【英一】英语(一) · 2024完形 · 自动门的原理与传感器选型（automatic sliding doors）（科技说明文 · 正文约246词）

There’s nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.

Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They 5 as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency, the doors 8 crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples’ way.

9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large, sticking-out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open. 14 these methods differ, the main 15 remain the same.

Each automatic door system 16 the light, sound, weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in. 18 , a busy street might not 19 a motion-sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure-sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	Through	Despite	Besides	Without
2	revealing	demanding	improving	tracing
3	experience	convenience	guidance	reference
4	previously	temporarily	successively	eventually
5	held on	started out	settled down	went by
6	relations	volumes	benefits	sources
7	useful	simple	flexible	stable
8	call for	yield to	insist on	act as
9	As well as	In terms of	Thanks to	Rather than
10	connected	shared	represented	occupied
11	allow	expect	require	direct
12	adopt	lead	clear	change
13	adapting to	deriving from	relying on	pointing at
14	Once	Since	Unless	Although
15	records	positions	principles	reasons
16	controls	analyses	produces	mixes
17	decorate	compare	protect	complement
18	In conclusion	By contrast	For example	Above all
19	identify	suit	secure	include
20	appropriate	obvious	impressive	delicate

答案（1–20）：1.D　2.C　3.B　4.A　5.B　6.C　7.A　8.D　9.A　10.D　11.A　12.C　13.C　14.D　15.C　16.B　17.D　18.C　19.B　20.A

逐空原创解析

逻辑/介词 D. Without the need to be touched to open or close「无需触碰即可开关」，与 automatic doors 呼应。Through『通过』、Despite『尽管』、Besides『除……之外』逻辑反。

词义/动词 C. automatic doors are essential in improving disabled access「自动门对改善残障通行至关重要」，improving=改善。revealing『揭示』、demanding『要求』、tracing『追踪』不合。

复现/名词 B. helping provide general convenience to commercial buildings「为商业建筑提供总体便利」，convenience=便利，与 access 复现。experience『体验』、guidance『引导』、reference『参考』不合。

词义/副词 A. invented six years previously by Americans「六年前由美国人发明」，previously=此前，对应 1960 年往前推六年。temporarily『暂时』、successively『相继』、eventually『最终』不合。

固定搭配 B. They started out as a novelty feature「它们起初只是新奇玩意儿」，start out as=起初是。held on『坚持』、settled down『定居』、went by『流逝』与 as a novelty 搭配不符。

复现/名词 C. their benefits have extended within our technologically advanced world「其益处已在技术世界扩展」，benefits=好处。relations『关系』、volumes『体积』、sources『来源』与“扩展”搭配不符。

复现/形容词 A. Particularly useful in busy locations or during emergencies「在繁忙场所或应急时尤其有用」，useful 与 essential 复现。simple『简单』、flexible『灵活』、stable『稳定』不与“人流/应急”功能对位。

固定搭配 D. the doors act as crowd management「这些门起到人流管理的作用」，act as=充当。call for『需要』、yield to『屈服于』、insist on『坚持』不合。

逻辑/短语 A. As well as making access easier for people「除了使人进出更便利之外」，as well as=除……之外（还），引出第二重好处。In terms of『就……而言』、Thanks to『多亏』、Rather than『而非』逻辑反。

固定搭配 D. reduce the total area occupied by them「减少它们所占的总面积」，occupied by=被……占用。connected『连接』、shared『共享』、represented『代表』不与 area 搭配。

词义/动词 A. these allow smaller buildings to maximise the usable space「这使较小建筑能最大化可用空间」，allow=使能够。expect『期望』、require『要求』、direct『指导』不合。

固定搭配 C. without having to clear the way for a large, sticking-out door「不必为外凸的大门清出通道」，clear the way=清出通道。adopt『采用』、lead『带领』、change『改变』不与 the way 搭配。

词义/短语 C. each relying on specific signals to tell them when to open「各自依赖特定信号判断开启时机」，rely on=依赖。adapting to『适应』、deriving from『源于』、pointing at『指向』不合。

逻辑/连词 D. Although these methods differ, the main principles remain the same「尽管这些方法不同，主要原理却相同」，although 引让步。Once『一旦』、Since『自从』、Unless『除非』逻辑反。

复现/名词 C. the main principles remain the same「主要原理保持不变」，principles=原理，与 methods 对照。records『记录』、positions『位置』、reasons『理由』不合。

词义/动词 B. Each automatic door system analyses the light, sound, weight or movement「每个自动门系统分析光、声、重量或移动」，analyze=分析传感信号。controls『控制』、produces『产生』、mixes『混合』与“信号→开启”因果反。

词义/动词 D. Sensor types are chosen to complement the different environments「传感器选型以适配不同环境」，complement=补充、配合。decorate『装饰』、compare『比较』、protect『保护』不合。

逻辑/短语 C. For example, a busy street might not suit a motion-sensored door「例如，繁忙街道可能不适合运动感应门」，举例说明选型差异。In conclusion『总之』、By contrast『相比』、Above all『首要』不合。

词义/动词 B. a busy street might not suit a motion-sensored door「繁忙街道或许不适合运动感应门」，suit=适合，与后文 pressure mat 对照。identify『识别』、secure『确保』、include『包括』不合。

复现/形容词 A. A pressure-sensitive mat would be more appropriate「压力感应垫会更合适」，appropriate=恰当的，与 suit 复现。obvious『明显』、impressive『印象深』、delicate『精致』不合。

本篇核心词 / 搭配

without the need to 无需
improve access 改善通行
provide convenience 提供便利
previously 此前
start out as 起初是
benefits extend 益处扩展
act as 充当
as well as 除……外
occupied by 被……占用
allow sb to do 使能
clear the way 清出通道
rely on 依赖
although 尽管
principles remain the same 原理不变
analyze signals 分析信号
complement environments 适配环境
for example 例如
be appropriate 合适

【英一】 · 2026

【英一】英语(一) · 2026完形 · AI 与美的体验：协作潜力与伦理隐忧（AI & beauty）（议论说明文 · 正文约279词）

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. 1 , AI also has the potential hazard of 2 our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such 3 is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. 4 human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic 5 that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common. 6 , as convenient and provocative, AI enables virtual try-on experiences where you can virtually 7 makeup, hairstyles, clothing, and even cosmetic procedures 8 making any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and 9 their preferences, potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals.

AI algorithms can 10 facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This 11 approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. 12 , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical 13 . There is a risk of deepening societal beauty 14 and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. 15 , AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and 16 body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post on “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, 17 on this technology for social presentation can cause harm 18 body image issues, lower self-esteem, and social anxiety.

It’s important to note that while AI can enhance our 19 of beauty, it should not 20 the genuine human experience and the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	Still	Therefore	Afterward	Instead
2	reviewing	narrating	ignoring	dominating
3	reason	area	clue	belief
4	Balancing	Distinguishing	Combining	Introducing
5	prospects	outcomes	ambitions	sentiments
6	At first	By comparison	For instance	In general
7	test	copy	link	save
8	upon	beyond	through	before
9	explore	recall	simplify	cherish
10	recover	arrange	reserve	analyze
11	localized	normalized	randomized	customized
12	At best	To the contrary	By definition	In this way
13	divisions	expectations	concerns	values
14	pressures	mysteries	understandings	suspicions
15	Approximately	Additionally	Alternatively	Accidentally
16	deal with	result from	contribute to	focus on
17	starting	checking	relying	working
18	apart from	such as	regardless of	prior to
19	imitation	appreciation	preservation	consumption
20	replace	seize	share	reflect

答案（1–20）：1.A　2.D　3.B　4.C　5.B　6.C　7.A　8.D　9.A　10.D　11.D　12.D　13.C　14.A　15.B　16.C　17.C　18.B　19.B　20.A

逐空原创解析

逻辑/副词 A. Still, AI also has the potential hazard「尽管如此，AI 也有潜在危险」，still=尽管如此，承接“AI 潜力巨大”转入隐忧。Therefore『因此』因果反；Afterward『之后』、Instead『相反』不合。

词义/动词 D. the hazard of dominating our experiences「主导我们体验的风险」，dominate=支配。reviewing『回顾』、narrating『叙述』、ignoring『忽视』与“难以控制”的 hazard 不符。

复现/名词 B. One such area is how we understand and experience beauty「这样一个领域就是我们如何理解与体验美」，area=领域。reason『原因』、clue『线索』、belief『信念』不与“such”指代的 hazard 范围对位。

复现/动词 C. Combining human creativity and AI algorithms「把人类创造力与 AI 算法结合」，combine=结合，与 collaborative/collaborations 复现。Balancing『平衡』、Distinguishing『区分』、Introducing『引入』不合。

词义/名词 B. lead to unique artistic outcomes「产生独特的艺术成果」，outcomes=成果。prospects『前景』、ambitions『抱负』、sentiments『情感』不与“合作产生”搭配。

逻辑/短语 C. For instance, as convenient and provocative, AI enables virtual try-on「例如，借助虚拟试戴，AI 让人……」，举例说明协作应用。At first『起初』、By comparison『相比』、In general『通常』不合。

词义/动词 A. you can virtually test makeup, hairstyles, clothing「你可以虚拟试用妆容、发型、服装」，test=试、试用。copy『复制』、link『链接』、save『保存』与 virtual try-on 不符。

逻辑/介词 D. even cosmetic procedures before making any physical changes「甚至在做任何物理改变之前体验医美项目」，before=在……之前，呼应 virtual/无需真做。upon『一……就』、beyond『超出』、through『通过』逻辑反。

词义/动词 A. experiment with different looks and explore their preferences「尝试不同造型并探索自己的偏好」，explore=探索。recall『回忆』、simplify『简化』、cherish『珍视』不合。

词义/动词 D. AI algorithms can analyze facial features and skin conditions「AI 算法可分析面部特征与皮肤状况」，analyze=分析。recover『恢复』、arrange『安排』、reserve『预订』不合。

复现/形容词 D. This customized approach aims to cater to individual preferences「这种定制化方法旨在迎合个人偏好」，customized=定制的，与 tailored to each person 复现。localized『局部化』、normalized『标准化』、randomized『随机化』方向反。

逻辑/短语 D. In this way, AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery「这样，AI 可成为自我发现的有趣载体」，in this way=这样，总结上文。At best『充其量』、To the contrary『相反』、By definition『按定义』不合。

复现/名词 C. it also raises ethical concerns「它也引发伦理担忧」，concerns=顾虑，与 hazard/risk 复现。divisions『分歧』、expectations『期望』、values『价值』方向/语义反。

复现/名词 A. a risk of deepening societal beauty pressures「加剧社会审美压力的风险」，pressures=压力，与 unattainable standards 复现。mysteries『谜』、understandings『理解』、suspicions『怀疑』不合。

逻辑/副词 B. Additionally, AI-powered beauty filters can lead to distorted self-perception「此外，AI 美颜滤镜会导致扭曲的自我认知」，additionally=此外，递进补充风险。Approximately『大约』、Alternatively『或者』、Accidentally『偶然』逻辑反。

词义/短语 C. contribute to body dissatisfaction「导致身体不满」，contribute to=促成、导致。deal with『处理』、result from『由……引起』方向反；focus on『聚焦』不合。

固定搭配 C. relying on this technology for social presentation「依赖这项技术进行社交展示」，rely on=依赖。starting on『开始』、checking on『检查』、working on『从事』不与 for social presentation 搭配。

逻辑/短语 B. cause harm such as body image issues, lower self-esteem「造成诸如身体意象问题、自尊降低等伤害」，such as=例如，列举。apart from『除……外』、regardless of『不管』、prior to『先于』不合。

复现/名词 B. while AI can enhance our appreciation of beauty「尽管 AI 能增进我们对美的欣赏」，appreciation=欣赏，与 understand and experience beauty 复现。imitation『模仿』、preservation『保存』、consumption『消费』不合。

词义/动词 A. it should not replace the genuine human experience「它不应取代真实的人类体验」，replace=取代，收尾立场。seize『抓住』、share『分享』、reflect『反映』与“不替代真实体验”的立场不符。

本篇核心词 / 搭配

still 尽管如此
dominate experiences 主导体验
an area 一个领域
combine A and B 结合
artistic outcomes 艺术成果
for instance 例如
virtual try-on 虚拟试用
before doing 在做……之前
explore preferences 探索偏好
analyze features 分析特征
customized approach 定制化方法
ethical concerns 伦理担忧
beauty pressures 审美压力
additionally 此外
contribute to 导致
rely on 依赖
such as 例如
appreciation of beauty 对美的欣赏
replace the genuine experience 取代真实体验

PC016 · 小结

本课要点：英一 2022 植物意识之争 / 2024 自动门 / 2026 AI 与美。三篇均为“在语篇里选词”——先读首句定基调，再逐空判类型（句间逻辑 / 词义辨析 / 固定搭配·介词 / 复现呼应）。高频抓手：逻辑连接词（Though/While/However/For example/In contrast/After all）、介词固定搭配（rooted in / subject to / applied to / exposure to / feedback on）、以及与上下文复现的名词（trust–faith、connection–access、beauty–appreciation）。

配套使用：长难句分析见 PG 系列 kaoyan-pg001；按套卷限时演练见 PP 系列 kaoyan-pp001。

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