考研完形 PC017・【英二】真题精练 2010–2012

考研英语完形 · 真题精练

考研完形 PC017・【英二】真题精练 2010–2012

逐篇逐空 · 原文逐字 + 20题×4选项 + 逐空原创解析

【英二】 · 2010
【英二】英语(二) · 2010完形 · 甲型H1N1流感暴发与WHO应对(公共卫生)(新闻报道/说明文 · 正文约 311 词,不含空号、按空格分词计)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic 1 by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert 2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled, after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising 3 in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “4” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, 5 the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the 6 of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global 7 in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to 9 in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has 13 more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials 14 Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is 16 ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not 18 for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other 19 . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people 20 infants and healthy young people.

20 题 · 四选项(逐字)

空 A B C D
1 criticized appointed commented designated
2 proceeded activated followed prompted
3 digits numbers amounts sums
4 moderate normal unusual extreme
5 with in from by
6 progress absence presence favor
7 reality phenomenon concept notice
8 over for among to
9 stay up crop up fill up cover up
10 as if unless until
11 excessive enormous significant magnificent
12 categories examples patterns samples
13 imparted immersed injected infected
14 released relayed relieved remained
15 placing delivering taking giving
16 feasible available reliable applicable
17 prevalent principal innovative initial
18 presented restricted recommended introduced
19 problems issues agonies sufferings
20 involved in caring for concerned with warding off
答案(1–20):1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.B

逐空原创解析

1
词义/动词 D. designated — WHO正式“指定/定名”此次流行为全球流行病;designate=官方命名、划定。criticized批评、appointed任命(人)、commented评论,均不与 epidemic 搭配。
2
逻辑/时间 C. followed — 高度警戒“紧随”日内瓦紧急会议之后到来;follow=在……之后发生。proceeded继续、activated激活、prompted促使,时间先后关系不当。
3
复现/名词 B. numbers — 与前文 a sharp rise in cases 并列,指英国等地病例“数量”上升;numbers 修饰可数病例。digits数字(位)、amounts/sums修饰不可数量,不接 cases。
4
复现/形容词 A. moderate — 后文 experiencing only mild symptoms、a full recovery 提示疫情“温和/中等”;moderate=不剧烈。normal正常、unusual不寻常、extreme极端,与 mild 相悖。
5
语法/独立主格 A. with — with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing… 为 with 复合结构作原因状语;in/from/by 不能接“宾语+现在分词”这种独立主格。
6
固定搭配 B. absence — often in the absence of any medical treatment=常常“无需”任何治疗即痊愈;in the absence of=缺乏、无需。progress进展、presence存在、favor偏爱,均不与 of treatment 表“无需治疗”。
7
固定搭配 D. notice — come to global notice=“引起全球关注”;come to notice=被注意到。reality现实、phenomenon现象、concept概念,不与 come to 搭配表“进入公众视野”。
8
词义/介词 C. among — 死亡与住院发生在健康成年人“当中”;among 表示在某群体内部。over在…上、for为了、to向,均不表群体范围。
9
固定短语 B. crop up — 病例开始在纽约等地“大量涌现/突然出现”;crop up=突然出现、冒出来。stay up熬夜、fill up填满、cover up掩盖。
10
逻辑/时间 A. as — 新病例“随着/当”天气转暖而消退;as 引导时间状语=随着。if如果、unless除非、until直到,均不合“与回暖同步减弱”。
11
词义/形容词 C. significant — 官方报告几乎每个州都有“显著的”流感活动;significant=相当可观的。excessive过度的、enormous巨大的、magnificent宏伟的,不修饰 flu activity 的程度。
12
复现/名词 D. samples — 几乎所有被检测的“样本”都是新型猪流感;samples=检测样本。categories类别、examples例子、patterns模式,与 tested 不搭。
13
词义/动词 D. infected — 它已“感染”逾百万人;infected=传染。imparted传授、immersed沉浸、injected注射,主语 it(病毒) 只能是感染人。
14
词义/动词 A. released — 卫生官员从国家储备中“发放/调拨”达菲;release=发放、放行。relayed转播、relieved缓解、remained保持,不与药品储备搭配。
15
固定搭配 C. taking — 开始“接受/受理”各州疫苗订单;take orders=接受订单。plaking/placing下(单)、delivering递送、giving给予——此处主语是联邦方接收订单,用 taking。
16
复现/形容词 B. available — 后文 doses were to be made available 复现;新疫苗“可获得/上市”早于预期;available=可得到的。feasible可行的、reliable可靠的、applicable适用的。
17
词义/形容词 D. initial — those initial doses=最初那批(首批)疫苗;initial=最初的。prevalent流行的、principal主要的、innovative创新的,与 early October 首批语境不符。
18
固定搭配 C. recommended — not recommended for pregnant women=“不推荐”孕妇使用;be recommended for=建议……使用。presented呈现、restricted限制、introduced引入。
19
复现/名词 A. problems — 与 breathing difficulties、heart disease 并列的其他“疾病/健康问题”;problems=(健康)问题。issues议题、agonies极大痛苦、sufferings苦难,程度过重且不与 several other 并列常见病。
20
词义短语 B. caring for — 照顾婴幼儿的人属于高危组;caring for=照料。involved in卷入、concerned with关注、warding off避开,医护语境应为“照护婴儿者”。
本篇核心词 · 固定搭配:

  • declare a global epidemic 宣布全球流行病
  • heightened alert 高度警戒
  • in the absence of 缺乏/无需
  • come to global notice 引起全球关注
  • crop up 突然出现
  • make sth available 使可获得
  • release…from the stockpile 从储备中发放
  • be recommended for 推荐用于
  • infect sb with 感染
  • care for infants 照护婴儿
【英二】 · 2011
【英二】英语(二) · 2011完形 · 网络匿名性与“自愿可信身份”系统(网络治理)(议论文 · 正文约 334 词,不含空号、按空格分词计)

The Internet affords anonymity to its users—a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.

Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?

Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place—a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.

The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.

12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.

Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs.”

Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “driver’s license” mentality.

The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 . They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

20 题 · 四选项(逐字)

空 A B C D
1 swept skipped walked ridden
2 for within while though
3 careless lawless pointless helpless
4 reason reminder compromise proposal
5 information interference entertainment equivalent
6 by into from over
7 linked directed chained compared
8 dismiss discover create improve
9 recall suggest select realize
10 released issued distributed delivered
11 carry on linger on set in log in
12 In vain In effect In return In contrast
13 trusted modernized thriving competing
14 caution delight confidence patience
15 on after beyond across
16 divided disappointed protected united
17 frequently incidentally occasionally eventually
18 skepticism tolerance indifference enthusiasm
19 manageable defendable vulnerable invisible
20 invited appointed allowed forced
答案(1–20):1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.D 18.A 19.C 20.D

逐空原创解析

1
词义/动词 A. swept — 网络犯罪“席卷”整个网络;sweep across=席卷、迅速蔓延。skipped跳过、walked走、ridden(ride)骑,不与 across the Web 搭配。
2
逻辑/连词 C. while — “在/当”为世界带来安全的同时能否保护隐私;while=与……同时,后接现在分词短语。for为了、within在…内、though尽管。
3
词义/形容词 B. lawless — 这个世界似乎越来越“无法无天/混乱”;lawless=没有法律约束的。careless粗心的、pointless无意义的、helpless无助的,对应网络犯罪泛滥。
4
词义/名词 D. proposal — Schmidt向联邦政府提出一个“建议/方案”来让网络更安全;proposal=提议。reason理由、reminder提醒、compromise妥协。
5
复现/名词 D. equivalent — 该系统是物理钥匙+指纹+证件照的高科技“对应物/等价物”;equivalent=等价物。information信息、interference干涉、entertainment娱乐。
6
固定搭配 B. into — all rolled into one=“合为一体”;roll into=使合并成。by/from/over 不与 roll 搭配表“融为一体”。
7
词义/动词 A. linked — 与特定电脑“绑定/关联”的数字凭证;be linked to=与…相连。directed指向、chained用链拴住、compared比较。
8
词义/动词 C. create — 这一构想是要“建立/创建”一套私人在线身份联盟;create=创建。dismiss解雇、discover发现、improve改进。
9
词义/动词 C. select — 用户可以“选择”加入哪个系统;select=挑选。recall回忆、suggest建议、realize意识到。
10
词义/动词 B. issued — 由政府“签发”的网络驾照;issue=正式颁发。released发布、distributed分配、delivered递送,官方签发证件用 issued。
11
固定短语 D. log in — 只“登录”一次即可使用多种服务;log in=登录。carry on继续、linger on徘徊、set in开始。
12
逻辑/评注 B. In effect — “实际上/效果上”,这套做法将在网络空间造出“围墙花园”;in effect=实际上。In vain徒劳、In return作为回报、In contrast相反。
13
复现/形容词 A. trusted — 与前文 trusted identity、authhenticated 复现;建立“受信任的”社区感;trusted=可信赖的。modernized现代化的、thriving繁荣的、competing竞争的。
14
固定搭配 C. confidence — with confidence=“自信地/放心地”完成在线交易;与后文 trusting the identities 呼应。caution谨慎、delight高兴、patience耐心。
15
固定搭配 A. on — the infrastructure on which the transaction runs=交易“赖以运行”的基础设施;介词 on 与 run 搭配(run on…)。after/beyond/across 不与定语从句搭配。
16
词义/动词 A. divided — 这一计划“使隐私权益倡导者分裂”——有人叫好有人担忧;divide=使产生分歧。disappointed使失望、protected保护、united团结,与后文 Some…others… 对立呼应。
17
逻辑/副词 D. eventually — 它显然是迈向“最终/终将”强制性网络驾照心态的一步;eventually=最终。frequently频繁地、incidentally顺便、occasionally偶尔。
18
复现/名词 A. skepticism — 与后文 worry 呼应;安全专家对此“表示怀疑”;skepticism=怀疑态度。tolerance容忍、indifference冷漠、enthusiasm热情,与 worry 相悖。
19
词义/形容词 C. vulnerable — 仍会使大片网络“易受攻击/脆弱”;vulnerable=脆弱、易受伤害。manageable可管理的、defendable可防御的、invisible看不见的。
20
逻辑/动词 D. forced — 主张应“强制”所有网民注册并表明身份,如同司机必须持照驾车;force=强迫。invited邀请、appointed任命、allowed允许,与 mandatory 类比一致。
本篇核心词 · 固定搭配:

  • afford anonymity to 给予匿名
  • behind the explosion of 是…激增的幕后
  • roll into one 合为一体
  • be linked to 与…绑定
  • single sign-on 单点登录
  • log in 登录
  • a sense of trusted community 受信任社区感
  • with confidence 放心地
  • be vulnerable to 易受…攻击
  • be forced to 被迫
【英二】 · 2012
【英二】英语(二) · 2012完形 · G.I. Joe——普通一兵的英雄化(二战/军事文化)(说明文 · 正文约 320 词,不含空号、按空格分词计)

Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the G. I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battles, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.

His name isn’t much. G.I. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac… a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice president or secretary of state Joe.

G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “Willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.

20 题 · 四选项(逐字)

空 A B C D
1 served performed rebelled betrayed
2 actual common special normal
3 loaded eased removed bore
4 necessities facilities commodities properties
5 and nor but hence
6 for into from against
7 implying meaning symbolizing claiming
8 handed out turned over brought back passed down
9 pushed got made managed
10 ever never either neither
11 disguised disturbed disputed distinguished
12 company community collection colony
13 employed appointed interviewed questioned
14 human military political ethical
15 ruined commuted patrolled gained
16 paralleled counteracted duplicated contradicted
17 neglected emphasized avoided admired
18 stages illusions fragments advances
19 With To Among Beyond
20 on the contrary by this means from the outset at that point
答案(1–20):1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.D

逐空原创解析

1
词义/动词 A. served — 在二战中“服役”的男男女女;serve in the war=服役。performed表演、rebelled反叛、betrayed背叛。
2
复现/形容词 B. common — 与后文 poor farm kid、an average guy 复现;他是“普通的”成长为英雄的人;common=普通的。actual实际的、special特别的、normal正常的。
3
固定搭配 D. bore — bear the burdens=“承担”重担;bore(bear过去式)=承受。loaded装载、eased减轻、removed移除。
4
词义/名词 A. necessities — “得不到”食物与栖身之所等“生活必需品”;necessities=必需品。facilities设施、commodities商品、properties财产。
5
逻辑/并列 C. but — not a volunteer…not someone well paid, but an average guy=不是志愿兵、待遇也不高,“而是”普通人;but 与 not 呼应。and/nor/hence 不构成 not…but 结构。
6
固定搭配 D. against — up against the best trained…enemies=“面对”训练最精良的敌人;up against=面对、对抗。for/into/from 不与 up 搭配表“迎战”。
7
词义/动词 B. meaning — G.I. 是 Government Issue 的军用缩写,“意思是/意为”;meaning=意思是。implying暗示、symbolizing象征、claiming声称。
8
固定短语 A. handed out — 发放给士兵的所有物品上都有这一缩写;hand out=分发、发放。turn over移交、bring back带回、pass down传下来。
9
固定搭配 C. made — never made it to the top=“从未做到/成功”到达顶层;make it=成功。pushed推动、got得到、managed管理——此处惯用 made it。
10
逻辑/副词 B. never — 美国“从未”有过姓 Joe 的总统、副总统或国务卿;never=从未,与 common name 呼应。ever曾经、either(两者)任一、neither两者都不。
11
词义/形容词 D. distinguished — G.I. Joe 有过“显赫/卓越的”军旅生涯;distinguished=杰出的。disguised伪装的、disturbed不安的、disputed有争议的。
12
固定搭配 C. collection — a collection of American personalities=“各类/集合”美国人物形象的集合体。company公司、community社区、colony殖民地。
13
词义/动词 C. interviewed — Pyle“采访”过的一些士兵在影片中出演自己;interviewed=采访。employed雇用、appointed任命、questioned质问。
14
复现/形容词 A. human — 与后文 dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers 复现;他报道战争“人性/普通人”的一面;human=人性的、人的。military军事的、political政治的、ethical伦理的。
15
固定搭配 D. gained — how many miles were gained=“推进了/赢得”多少英里(战线);gain ground=推进。ruined毁坏、commuted通勤、patrolled巡逻——与 captured/liberated 并列表战果。
16
词义/动词 A. paralleled — 他的报道与 Maulden 的“Willie”漫画“相似/并行”;parallel=与…相当、相似。counteracted抵消、duplicated复制、contradicted反驳。
17
复现/动词 B. emphasized — 两人都“着重表现”战争的肮脏与疲惫;emphasized=强调。neglected忽视、avoided避免、admired钦佩。
18
词义/名词 C. fragments — 士兵与平民共享的文明的“碎片/断片”:咖啡、烟草、威士忌……;fragments=零星片段。stages阶段、illusions幻象、advances进步,与极简生活物资呼应。
19
逻辑/介词 B. To — “对于”埃及、法国等十几个国家,G.I. Joe 就是任何一个美国士兵;to sb=对某人而言。with/among/beyond 不表“在……(人)看来”。
20
词义短语 D. at that point — 在那个(战争)时刻,他是他们生命中“当时”最重要的人;at that point=在那时。on the contrary相反、by this means借此、from the outset从一开始。
本篇核心词 · 固定搭配:

  • serve in World War II 服役
  • bear the burdens 承担重担
  • go without the necessities 缺生活必需品
  • up against 面对
  • make it to the top 爬到顶层
  • a collection of American personalities 群像
  • cover the human side 报道人性面
  • gain ground 推进
  • emphasize the dirt and exhaustion 强调战争残酷
  • for sb 对某人而言
PC017 · 时段复盘
本课要点:本课三篇均为“公共事件/军事”叙事说明型:2010 甲型H1N1流行为新闻报道,2011 网络身份治理、2012 G.I. Joe 为说明议论。得分点在句间逻辑(However/So/But/Indeed)与高频固定搭配(crop up / come to notice / bear the burdens / up against / in the absence of);名词辨析多靠上下文复现。

— Noscit · 考研英语完形 PC 系列 —