考研英语翻译 · 英译汉通关课
考研翻译 PT005・定语从句
前置/后置/融合/状译四法 · 真题精讲
PT005 · 01
01定语从句四种译法：前置 / 后置 / 融合 / 状译
定语从句是英一翻译最高频的结构。不是所有定语从句都译到名词前面——按长短和逻辑关系分四种处理。
| 译法 | 适用 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 前置 | 从句短（≤10 词）、限定性强 | the photographs created by the homeless → 无家可归者创作的花园照片 |
| 后置/独立成句 | 从句长、非限定性、补充说明 | …which extended from Maine to Georgia → …，它从缅因绵延到佐治亚 |
| 融合 | “there be + 定语从句”或从句与主干关系紧密 | …there are many elements that lack value → 存在许多没有价值的要素 |
| 状译 | 从句表原因/目的/让步/时间，关系词弱 | …, who…（表原因）→ 译”因为……” |
PT005 · 02
02真题演示：并列两个 that 定语从句
例It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
主干：它倾向于忽视、并最终淘汰土地群落中的许多要素；两个 that 并列修饰 elements，but 表转折。
参考译文它往往会忽视——并最终淘汰掉——土地群落中许多不具商业价值、却对其健康运转至关重要的要素。
采分点① tend to ignore / eliminate 两个并列动词；② 两个 that 从句的转折关系 but（”不具商业价值”却”至关重要”）译反即失分；③ healthy functioning 健康运转。
易错把两个 that 从句都硬塞进”要素”前面作长定语，或漏掉 but 的转折——“虽无商业价值，却不可或缺”这层关系是采分关键。
PT005 · 03
03真题演示：which 定语从句状译
例most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.
which 从句修饰 demoralization，表”我们通常把这种萎靡归咎于……”；until 引导时间状语。
参考译文我们大多数人会陷入精神的萎靡，还通常把它归咎于某种心理状况；直到有一天，我们发现自己置身园中，那份压抑竟像变魔术一般烟消云散。
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