PG007 · 01
01倒装:语序颠倒,意思不变
倒装就是把谓语/助动词/表语提到主语前面。读倒装句的诀窍是:先还原成正常语序,意思立刻清楚。翻译常考,阅读态度题也爱出在倒装句上。
| 类型 |
触发标志 |
还原要点 |
| 完全倒装 |
地点/方位状语前置;Here/There/On display + V + S |
谓语整段挪到主语前 |
| 表语前置 |
adj./介词短语 + be + S,如 Rare is… |
还原 = S be adj. |
| 部分倒装 |
否定词前置:Not only/Nor/Never/Only + 状语 |
只把助动/情态提到主语前 |
还原示范:Rare is the household → The household is rare;Not only can AI help… → AI can not only help…。看到句首反常成分,先问自己”正常语序是什么”。
PG007 · 02
02真题例句 · 完全倒装与表语前置
例1 · 英一 2014 翻译(49) 表语前置完全倒装
Especially significant was his view of freedom,
which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
正常语序 = His view of freedom was especially significant。把表语 Especially significant 提前表强调。
例2 · 英一 2013 翻译(49) 地点状语前置完全倒装
On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.
正常语序 = Various fantasy elements are on display here。地点状语 On display here 提前,谓语 are 在主语 elements 前。
例3 · 英二 2015 Text 1 表语前置(PR001 已用作态度题钥匙)
Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.
正常语序 = The household is rare(几乎没有家庭把分工安排得如此清楚)。这是 25 题正确项 division of labor is seldom clear-cut 的来源。
例4 · 英一 2015 翻译(50) Here 前置完全倒装
Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
正常语序 = Abundant fuel and lumber was here。Here/There 开头的存在句常用完全倒装。
PG007 · 03
03真题例句 · 否定词前置部分倒装
例5 · 英一 2023 翻译(49) Not only 前置
Not only can AI help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers.
正常语序 = AI can not only help…, but it can also provide…。否定词 Not only 置于句首,助动词 can 提前。
例6 · 英一 2016 Text 2 Nor 前置
Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.
Nor 开头 = 也不。正常语序 = It does not reveal… either。助动词 does 提前到主语 it 前。
例7 · 英一 2019 Text Only then 前置
Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.
Only + 状语(then) 前置,助动词 will 提前。正常语序 = They will be useful servants only then。
例8 · 英一 2022 翻译(50) Just as…so… 比较呼应
Just as the code-breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain,
so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.
Just as…, so… 表”正如……,……也一样”。so 后主谓不倒装,但属比较呼应结构,常与倒装对比记。
本课小结:看到句首形容词/地点状语/否定词,先还原正常语序;Not only/Nor/Only+状语是部分倒装标志。下一课 PG008 讲强调句·省略·形式主/宾语。