考研完形 PC002・方法·句间逻辑关系
转折 / 因果 / 并列 / 递进 / 举例 / 对比 / 条件 · 连接词辨析表 + 真题空例
01识别：什么空算”逻辑连接词空”
当四个选项都是连接性状语或从属连词时，这空不考你认不认识词，而考你有没有看懂前后两句/两句之间的逻辑关系。逻辑一对，答案唯一。
- 空在句首，后跟逗号：___, lighting was always changed on a Sunday.
- 空在两段之间，或紧承上一句结论。
- 四选项长这样：However / Therefore / Moreover / For example，或 Although / If / Because / While。
关键动作：先只读空的前一句和后一句，问自己”这两句是顺着说还是反着说？是因果还是举例？”——关系判错，四个选项里你会”觉得都通”。
02七类逻辑关系辨析表
| 关系 | 高频连接词（真题指纹） | 判断标志（前后句在干嘛） |
|---|---|---|
| 转折 | however, yet, instead, rather, nevertheless, though, although, while | 后句与前句意思相反或修正；出现 surprisingly / actually 提示反转。 |
| 因果 | therefore, consequently, as a result, because, since, due to, thanks to | 后句是前句的结果；或前因后果、前果后因。 |
| 并列/递进 | moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, also, likewise, similarly | 后句在前句基础上追加同向信息，方向不变。 |
| 举例 | for example, for instance, such as, in particular | 后句是对前句概括的具体例证。 |
| 对比 | in contrast, on the contrary, by contrast, whereas, while | 前后两句两相对照，对象不同、方向相反。 |
| 条件 | if, unless, so long as, provided, in case, as long as | 后句是前句成立的前提条件。 |
| 时间/让步 | when, until, once, after, although, despite | 表时间节点，或”退一步说”的让步。 |
易混边界：while 一身二用——可表”当……时”（时间），也可表”而/尽管”（对比/让步），看主从句语义方向；instead 是”取而代之”（放弃A做B），rather 是”更准确地说”，二者常被互换误选。
03真题空例（逐字摘自精校真题）
英一 2010 · 第18空：When work started again on Monday, output duly rose … and continued to rise for the next couple of days. __18__, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays.
选项：A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Meanwhile。线索：前一句说”实验里周一产量上升”，后一句说”即便没做实验，周一产量也总上升”——后句推翻了前句把上升归因于实验的暗示，是转折 → C. However。
英一 2010 · 第15空：It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleading interpretations. __15__, lighting was always changed on a Sunday.
选项：A. In contrast B. For example C. In consequence D. As usual。线索：前句是概括”实验方式有误导”，后句”灯光总在周日改”是具体例证 → B. For example。
英二 2016 · 第2空：Companies located in place with happier people invest more. __2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D.
选项：A. In return B. In particular C. In contrast D. In conclusion。线索：后句是在前句”投更多”基础上聚焦到更具体的一类支出（研发），是递进式具体化 → B. In particular。
英二 2019 · 第1空：Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. __1__, when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it helps.
选项：A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However。线索：前句夸”很好”，后句说”太频繁反而有害”——转折 → D. However。
04分步流程与易错点
- 把”例证”当”因果”：后句是举例时别选 therefore；看到 e.g./具体名词/数字 优先 for example。
- while 的双关：主从句语义相反时它表”而/尽管”，不要误选时间义。
- 只看本句不看上下段：逻辑连接词空的线索往往跨句甚至跨段，必须读够两句。
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