PG004 · 01
01名词性从句 = 把一个句子当名词用
一个句子放在主语、宾语、表语、同位语位置上，就是名词性从句。它在句中充当名词，不再是修饰。翻译里的观点句几乎都靠它。
| 类型 |
在句中充当 / 引导词 |
真题标志 |
| 主语从句 |
作主语；that / what / whether |
What is important is…; To filter out what… |
| 宾语从句 |
作动词/介词宾语；that / what / how |
we must ensure that… |
| 表语从句 |
系动词后；that / because / why |
Time was when… |
| 同位语从句 |
解释抽象名词；evidence / assumption / belief / fact + that |
the evidence that…; an assumption that… |
that vs what：that 在名词性从句里不充当成分、只起连接作用（that he is right）；what = the thing that，本身要在从句里当主语或宾语（what we saw = the thing that we saw）。这是翻译采分点。
PG004 · 02
02真题例句（上）：宾语/表语从句
例1 · 英一 2019 翻译(46) 宾语从句套表语从句
It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.
外层 that… 是 says 的宾语从句；里面两个 that… 是表语从句（not merely…but… 并列）。
例2 · 英一 2019 翻译(46) 主语从句 What
What is important is not truth, but publication,
which has become almost an end in itself.
What is important 是主语从句（重要的东西），整个作主语；主干 = What is important is not truth but publication。
例3 · 英一 2020 翻译(47) that 宾语从句 + 定语从句
Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun.
that all of the planets… revolved… 是 theorized 的宾语从句；内层 that we knew of 是修饰 planets 的定语从句。
例4 · 英一 2014 翻译(46) 主语从句 all we can do
It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.
all we can do (is) articulate… 是主语从句（我们所能做的一切就是……），注意 all 后省略了 that，且 be 后接不带 to 的不定式。
PG004 · 03
03真题例句（下）：同位语从句（翻译高频）
例5 · 英一 2010 翻译(46) 同位语 that
Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
evidence to the effect that… = 大意是……的证据，that 是同位语从句，说明 evidence 的内容。to the effect that 是固定译法”大意是”。
例6 · 英一 2010 翻译(48) 双同位语 that 并列
Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.
句首 Time was when… 是表语从句（曾几何时）；两个 that… 并列作 evidence 的同位语，说明”证据”的两点内容。
例7 · 英一 2011 翻译(46) 破折号引出同位语
Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—
that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—
and reveal its erroneous nature.
that… 是 assumption 的同位语（我们都认同的那个假设是：……）。两个谓语 to take… and reveal… 并列。
例8 · 英一 2012 翻译(48) what 主语从句 + 双宾语从句
To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
句首不定式里两个 what…（独特之物/共有之物）作宾语；后半 how… and what… 并列作 understand 的宾语从句。
本课小结：that 不充当成分、what 充当成分；见到 evidence/assumption/belief/fact/claim 后面的 that，先想到同位语。下一课 PG005 讲状语从句与连词。
