考研英语长难句 · 句法通关系列
考研长难句 PG008・强调句·省略·形式主语/宾语
It is…that… · it 作形式主语/宾语 · let alone 省略 · 逐字真题例句
PG008 · 01
01三种”it 分身”
it 在考研长难句里出现极多，但大多不是”它”，而是三种虚指用法：强调句、形式主语、形式宾语。认清 it，句子立刻清爽。
| 结构 | 识别标志 | 真主语/被强调部分 |
|---|---|---|
| 强调句 | It is/was + X + that/who… | 去掉 It is…that，句子仍完整 |
| 形式主语 | It is + adj/n + to do / that… | 真正主语是后面的 to do / that 从句 |
| 形式宾语 | V + it + adj/n + to do / that… | 真宾语是后面的 to do / that 从句 |
强调句判据：把 It is/was 和 that 同时去掉，剩下的部分仍能组成完整句子——就是强调句。如 It was with these revelations that philosophy was born → 去掉后 philosophy was born with these revelations 仍成立。
PG008 · 02
02真题例句 · 强调句
例1 · 英一 2013 翻译(50) 强调主语
It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
被强调的是主语 this reference to nature。正常句 = This reference to nature fully justifies…。译：正是这种对自然的指涉，才完全证明了用”花园”一词来描述……是合理的。
例2 · 英一 2020 翻译(48) 强调状语
It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.
被强调的是方式状语 with these revelations。正常句 = A new kind of philosophy was born with these revelations。
例3 · 英一 2010 翻译(48) 强调时间状语
It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit, real or fancied, to itself.
被强调 only in recent years。注意里面两个 that 是 argument 的同位语从句。
例4 · 英一 2026 翻译(49) not…until 强调
It wasn’t until the phrase “scientific literacy” came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.
It wasn’t until…that… 强调”直到……才”。译：直到 1940 年代”科学素养”这个说法出现，科学才有了……口号。
PG008 · 03
03真题例句 · 形式主语/宾语与省略
例5 · 英一 2012 翻译(46) 形式主语 it
It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail.
It 是形式主语，真主语是后面 that… 从句（这样一种理论是否会是简化，正变得不那么清楚）。
例6 · 英一 2025 翻译(47) 形式主语 it + 真主语不定式
But by utilising the natural curiosity of the general public it is possible to overcome many of these challenges by engaging non-scientists directly in the research process.
It 形式主语，真主语是 to overcome…（克服这些挑战是可能的）。
例7 · 英一 2015 Text 形式宾语 it
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources.
find it difficult to do：it 是形式宾语，真宾语是 to trust their own opinion，difficult 是宾补。
例8 · 英一 2014 翻译(47) let alone 省略结构
By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
let alone（更不必说）后接省略结构，与前面 the understanding 平行：理解需要勇气，演奏就更需要。
本课小结：去掉 It is…that 仍完整=强调句；句首 it 后接 adj+to do/that=形式主语；find/make it+adj+to do=形式宾语。下一课 PG009 讲插入语·分隔·同位语。
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