考研英语写作 · Part A 小作文应用文通关课
考研小作文 PL002・书信邮件通用格式与三段框架
五件套格式分 · 开头句 · 三段对应要点 · 结尾礼貌语按对象切换
PL002 · 01
01书信/邮件五件套：格式分先拿满
无论建议、邀请、感谢还是投诉，书信/邮件的外壳完全一样。下面这套骨架先记死，后面各类型只换”主体内容”，不换格式。
万能骨架（以正式邮件为例，括号内按题替换）
称呼
Dear Sir or Madam, / Dear Prof. Smith,
顶格写，后接逗号；写完另起一段空一行。
顶格写，后接逗号；写完另起一段空一行。
开头
I am writing to you to …（说明写信目的，1 句）
主体
按 Directions 的 2–3 个要点分段：要点一段，展开 2–3 句。
结尾
感谢 / 期待回复 / 歉意 / 祝愿收束（1 句）。
落款
Yours sincerely, （右下）
Li Ming
Li Ming
| 位置 | 正式（对校长/教授/客户） | 半正式 / 私人（对同学/朋友） |
|---|---|---|
| 称呼 | Dear Sir or Madam, / Dear Prof. Smith, | Dear friends, / Dear Paul, / Hi Jack, |
| 结尾敬语 | Yours sincerely, | Yours, / Best wishes, / Best regards, |
| 署名 | Li Ming（按题干，不写真名） | Li Ming（同上） |
两个高频扣分点
- 落款名写错：题干末行若写 Use “Li Ming” instead，就必须写 Li Ming；英二早期题要求 Zhang Wei，写成拼音真名直接失分。
- 写地址：多数题写明 Do not write the address，不要画蛇添足加寄信人地址。
PL002 · 02
02三段框架：三个要点 = 三段
考研小作文的 Directions 几乎都给 2–3 个编号要点。开头段点目的，主体段逐要点展开，结尾段礼貌收束——段数与要点数对齐，阅卷人一眼看到要点齐全。
| 段落 | 任务 | 写法 |
|---|---|---|
| 开头段 | 一句话说目的 | I am writing to … / I am delighted to … / I am sorry to tell you that … ＋ 背景一句。 |
| 主体段 | 逐条完成要点 | 要点 1 一段、要点 2 一段；每段 2–3 句，先点题再给细节。 |
| 结尾段 | 礼貌收尾 | 感谢 / 期待 / 歉意 / 祝愿；按类型换句子，见下卡。 |
要点宁短勿漏：约 100 词意味着每段 30–40 词、3–4 句即可。宁可每个要点写 2 句，也不要把一个要点写 6 句而漏掉第二个要点——遗漏要点是最大丢分点。
PL002 · 03
03开头意图句库：按类型选一句
建议 / 反馈I am writing to offer some suggestions on how to … / I would like to make a few recommendations concerning …
邀请I am writing to invite you to … / It is my great honor to invite you to serve as …
推荐I am writing to recommend … to you, which I believe you will enjoy.
感谢I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your …
道歉I am terribly sorry to tell you that I cannot …, and I am writing to make an apology.
投诉I am writing to make a complaint about …, which I bought from your store recently.
咨询 / 回复来信Thank you for your email. I am writing to answer your questions about … / In reply to your inquiry, …
祝贺I am thrilled to hear that you have …, and I am writing to send my warmest congratulations.
开头句不要绕：第一句就把目的说出来，不要从”Long time no see”铺垫三句才进主题。阅卷人按要点给分，越早出现关键词越稳。
PL002 · 04
04结尾礼貌语：按交际功能切换
| 功能 | 结尾句（任选其一） |
|---|---|
| 建议 | I hope you will find these suggestions helpful. / I would be grateful if you could take my advice into consideration. |
| 邀请 | We would be honored by your presence. / I am looking forward to your reply and confirmation. |
| 推荐 | I believe you will enjoy it as much as I do. / I hope this recommendation will be of help to you. |
| 感谢 | Again, I would like to express our thanks to you. / We are looking forward to your visit to China. |
| 道歉 | I sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused. / Would it be possible for us to meet at another time? |
| 投诉 | I would appreciate it if you could solve this problem as soon as possible. / I look forward to your reply. |
| 咨询/回复 | Please let me know if you have any further questions. / I hope these details are helpful to you. |
| 祝贺 | Congratulations again, and I wish you all the best in your future studies. |
PL002 · 05
05衔接词与三大避雷
递进 / 并列First / Besides / Moreover / In addition / Finally
转折 / 对比However / Therefore / As a result / That is to say
举例For example / For instance / Such as …
三条铁律
- 语气匹配对象：给校长写信用 Yours sincerely、给朋友写信用 Best wishes；对教授别用 “Hey”，对朋友别用 “I hereby”。
- 不堆难词难句：100 词短文，3–4 个准确的复合句胜过一堆用错的大词。主谓一致、时态、单复数别出错。
- 不抄 Directions 原句：用自己的话改写要点，直接照抄题干会被压分。
— Noscit · 考研英语小作文 PL 系列 —
