考研英语完形 · 真题精练

考研完形 PC007・【英一】真题精练 2010–2013

逐篇逐空 · 原文逐字 + 20题×4选项 + 逐空原创解析

【英一】 · 2010

【英一】英语(一) · 2010完形 · Hawthorne 霍桑效应（车间灯光与生产率）

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 1 workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect,” the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changes subjects’ behavior.

The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers’ behavior 10 itself.

After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.

It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	affected	achieved	extracted	restored
2	at	up	with	off
3	truth	sight	act	proof
4	controversial	perplexing	mischievous	ambiguous
5	requirements	explanations	accounts	assessments
6	conclude	matter	indicate	work
7	as far as	for fear that	in case that	so long as
8	awareness	expectation	sentiment	illusion
9	suitable	excessive	enough	abundant
10	about	for	on	by
11	compared	shown	subjected	conveyed
12	Contrary to	Consistent with	Parallel with	Peculiar to
13	evidence	guidance	implication	source
14	disputable	enlightening	reliable	misleading
15	In contrast	For example	In consequence	As usual
16	duly	accidentally	unpredictably	suddenly
17	failed	ceased	started	continued
18	Therefore	Furthermore	However	Meanwhile
19	attempted	tended	chose	intended
20	breaking	climbing	surpassing	hitting

答案（1–20）：1.A　2.B　3.C　4.B　5.C　6.B　7.D　8.A　9.C　10.D　11.C　12.A　13.A　14.D　15.B　16.A　17.D　18.C　19.B　20.D

逐空原创解析

搭配/动宾 A. affected — 工厂想知道车间灯光如何『影响』生产率，宾语 productivity 只能与 affect 搭配。干扰：achieved『取得』主语通常是人；extracted『提取』、restored『恢复』与灯光-产量语义不符。

短语动词 B. up — end up doing『最终以做……告终』，实验最终反而得名『霍桑效应』。干扰 at/up/with 均不构成 end up doing 这一短语。

词义/名词 C. act — the act of being experimented upon『被当作实验对象这一行为本身』即可改变行为。干扰 truth『真相』、sight『视觉』、proof『证据』均不指『行为』。

词义/形容词 B. perplexing — 灯亮产量升、灯灭产量也升，这是『令人困惑的』行为。干扰 controversial『有争议的』针对对错；mischievous『恶作剧的』；ambiguous『模棱两可的』多指表达不清。

词义/名词 C. accounts — according to accounts of the experiments『根据实验记述/记录』。干扰 requirements『要求』、explanations『解释』、assessments『评估』。

词义/动词 B. matter — It did not matter what was done『做了什么并不重要』，matter=要紧。干扰 conclude『断定』、indicate『表明』、work『奏效』。

逻辑/条件 D. so long as — 『只要有东西被改变，产量就上升』，条件关系。干扰 as far as『就……而言』、for fear that『生怕』、in case that『万一』。

复现/名词 A. awareness — an awareness that they were being experimented upon『意识到自己在被实验』。干扰 expectation『期望』、sentiment『情绪』、illusion『错觉』。

词义/形容词 C. enough — seemed to be enough to alter behavior『似乎足以改变行为』。干扰 suitable『合适的』、excessive『过度的』、abundant『丰富的』。

固定搭配 D. by — by itself『就其本身、仅凭这一点』，固定短语。about/for/on 不与 itself 构成此意。

固定搭配 C. subjected — data were subjected to analysis『数据被用于/接受计量分析』，be subjected to 固定搭配。干扰 compared『比较』、shown『展示』、conveyed『传达』。

逻辑/短语 A. Contrary to — 后文『未发现系统证据』与记录在案的描述相反 → Contrary to。干扰 Consistent with『与……一致』、Parallel with『平行』、Peculiar to『为……特有』。

词义/名词 A. evidence — no systematic evidence was found『未发现系统证据』。干扰 guidance『指导』、implication『含义』、source『来源』。

词义/形容词 D. misleading — 实验的特殊方式导致『误导性的』解读，与后文举例一致，色彩偏贬。干扰 disputable『有争议』、enlightening『有启发』（褒）、reliable『可靠』。

逻辑/举例 B. For example — 后句『灯光总在周日改动』是对前句『误导性解读』的具体例证。干扰 In contrast『对比』、In consequence『因果』、As usual『照例』。

词义/副词 A. duly — output duly rose『产量如期、照例上升』，duly 表『按预期』。干扰 accidentally『偶然』、unpredictably『不可预测』、suddenly『突然』。

词义/动词 D. continued — continued to rise for the next couple of days『继续上升』。干扰 failed/ceased『停止』方向相反；started『开始』与 rose 语义重复。

逻辑/转折 C. However — 后句『没做实验时周一产量也总上升』推翻前句把上升归因于实验，是转折。干扰 Therefore『因果』、Furthermore『递进』、Meanwhile『同时』。

词义/动词 B. tended — Workers tended to be diligent『工人往往在周初几天勤奋』。干扰 attempted『试图』、chose『选择』、intended『打算』均带主动意志，不符常态描述。

固定搭配 D. hitting — hit a plateau『到达平台期』，固定搭配。干扰 breaking『打破』、climbing『攀登』、surpassing『超越』。

PC007 · 小结

本课要点：两篇都考『在语篇里选词』——2010 重在固定搭配（subjected to / by itself / hit a plateau）与逻辑连接词（For example / However）；2013 重在词义辨析与 take…into consideration 等搭配。做英一完形先读首句定基调，再逐空判类型。

下一课 PC008：英一 2014–2017 选 2 篇（2015 朋友基因 / 2017 拥抱与压力）。

【英一】 · 2013

【英一】英语(一) · 2013完形 · 快速判断与偏见（Snap judgments 与大学录取）

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4, he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11.

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	grants	submits	transmits	delivers
2	minor	external	crucial	objective
3	issue	vision	picture	moment
4	Above all	On average	In principle	For example
5	fond	fearful	capable	thoughtless
6	in	for	to	on
7	if	until	though	unless
8	test	emphasize	share	promote
9	decision	quality	status	success
10	found	studied	chosen	identified
11	otherwise	defensible	replaceable	exceptional
12	inspired	expressed	conducted	secured
13	assigned	rated	matched	arranged
14	put	got	took	gave
15	instead	then	ever	rather
16	selected	passed	marked	introduced
17	below	after	above	before
18	jump	float	fluctuate	drop
19	achieve	undo	maintain	disregard
20	necessary	possible	promising	helpful

答案（1–20）：1.A　2.B　3.C　4.D　5.B　6.D　7.A　8.A　9.D　10.C　11.A　12.C　13.B　14.C　15.B　16.C　17.D　18.D　19.B　20.A

逐空原创解析

词义/动词 A. grants — this might seem like a strength that grants the ability『这种优势赋予人判断力』。干扰 submits『提交』、transmits『传送』、delivers『递送』。

逻辑/形容词 B. external — make judgments unbiased by external factors『不受外部因素影响』，external 与 individual 对照。干扰 minor『次要』、crucial『关键』、objective『客观』。

词义/名词 C. picture — step back and consider the bigger picture『退一步看全局』。干扰 issue『问题』、vision『视野』、moment『时刻』。

逻辑/举例 D. For example — 用大学录取面试为例说明这一想法。干扰 Above all『首要』、On average『平均』、In principle『原则上』。

词义/形容词 B. fearful — judges appear fearful of appearing too soft on crime『法官害怕显得对犯罪心慈手软』。干扰 fond『喜欢』、capable『能够』、thoughtless『轻率』。

固定搭配 D. on — be soft on crime『对……手软』，固定介词 on。in/for/to 不成立。

逻辑/条件 A. if — 『如果』担心显得太软，就更可能送监，条件关系。until『直到』、though『尽管』、unless『除非』。

词义/动词 A. test — Dr Simonsohn wanted to test this idea『检验这一想法』。干扰 emphasize『强调』、share『分享』、promote『促进』。

词义/名词 D. success — the success of an applicant is judged…『申请人的表现/成功』。干扰 decision『决定』、quality『质量』、status『地位』。

词义/动词 C. chosen — the chosen 1000 students『被挑选的1000名学生』。干扰 found『发现』、studied『研究』、identified『识别』。

词义/形容词 A. otherwise — the otherwise ignored factors『原本会被忽略的其他因素』。干扰 defensible『可辩护』、replaceable『可替代』、exceptional『例外』。

词义/动词 C. conducted — interviews were conducted by admissions officers『面试由招生官进行』。干扰 inspired『启发』、expressed『表达』、secured『获得』。

词义/动词 B. rated — applicants were rated on a 5-point scale『按五分制评分』。干扰 assigned『分配』、matched『匹配』、arranged『安排』。

固定搭配 C. took — take…into consideration『把……考虑在内』，固定搭配。put/got/gave 不成立。

词义/副词 B. then — or rather『更确切地说』，用于修正措辞。instead『代替』、then『然后』、ever『曾经』。

词义/动词 C. marked — the score was marked up by one point『分数被加记一分』。干扰 selected『选』、passed『通过』、introduced『引入』。

词义/介词 D. before — below the average『低于平均分』。after『之后』、above『高于』方向反、before『之前』。

词义/动词 D. drop — the score would drop by 0.8 points『下降0.8分』。干扰 jump『跳升』、float『漂浮』、fluctuate『波动』。

词义/动词 B. undo — would take time to undo the previous effect『还需时间消除先前影响』。干扰 achieve『取得』、maintain『维持』、disregard『忽视』。

词义/形容词 A. necessary — it would be necessary to do so『这样做是有必要的』。干扰 possible『可能』、promising『有前景』、helpful『有帮助』。

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