考研英语完形 · 真题精练

考研完形 PC008・【英一】真题精练 2014–2017

逐篇逐空 · 原文逐字 + 20题×4选项 + 逐空原创解析

【英一】 · 2015

【英一】英语(一) · 2015完形 · 朋友间共享约 1% 基因（社交与进化）

Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2.

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5.

While 1% may seem 6, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.”

The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional kinship” of being friends with 14!

One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.

The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	when	why	how	what
2	defended	concluded	withdrawn	advised
3	for	with	on	by
4	compared	sought	separated	connected
5	tests	objects	samples	examples
6	insignificant	unexpected	unreliable	incredible
7	visit	miss	seek	know
8	resemble	influence	favor	surpass
9	again	also	instead	thus
10	Meanwhile	Furthermore	Likewise	Perhaps
11	about	to	from	like
12	drive	observe	confuse	limit
13	according to	rather than	regardless of	along with
14	chances	responses	missions	benefits
15	later	slower	faster	earlier
16	forecast	remember	understand	express
17	unpredictable	contributory	controllable	disruptive
18	endeavor	decision	arrangement	tendency
19	political	religious	ethnic	economic
20	see	show	prove	tell

答案（1–20）：1.D　2.B　3.C　4.A　5.C　6.A　7.D　8.A　9.B　10.D　11.B　12.A　13.B　14.D　15.C　16.C　17.B　18.D　19.C　20.A

逐空原创解析

语法/引导词 D. what — a study of what genes friends share『朋友共享哪些基因』，从句缺宾语用 what。干扰 when/why/how 均为副词，不能作 share 的宾语。

词义/动词 B. concluded — 研究『得出结论』朋友在基因上彼此相似。concluded 后接 that 从句。干扰 defended『辩护』、withdrawn『撤回』、advised『建议』。

固定搭配 C. on — be similar on …『在……层面相似』，介词 on。for/with/by 不成立。

固定搭配 A. compared — compared with a random stranger『与随机陌生人相比』，compared with 固定搭配。sought『寻找』、separated『分离』、connected『连接』。

词义/名词 C. samples — they studied samples of DNA『检测DNA样本』。tests『测试』不指被取样对象；objects『物体』；examples『例子』。

词义/形容词 A. insignificant — 1% 看起来『微不足道』，但遗传学家不这么看，与后半句转折。unexpected『意外』、unreliable『不可靠』、incredible『难以置信』。

词义/动词 D. know — you would not know it by looking at them『光看外表你察觉不到』。visit『拜访』、miss『错过』、seek『寻求』。

词义/动词 A. resemble — friendship may influence genetic similarity『友谊影响基因相似性』。resemble『相似』、favor『偏爱』、surpass『超越』。

逻辑/递进 B. also — 朋友之间『也』共享嗅觉基因，递进补充。again『再次』、instead『反而』、thus『因此』。

逻辑/评注 D. Perhaps — Perhaps this is why…『也许这就是为什么』，表推测。Meanwhile『同时』、Furthermore『递进』、Likewise『同样』。

固定搭配 B. to — be to blame to? 此处 connect…to『把……与……联系起来』，介词 to。about/from/like 不成立。

词义/动词 A. drive — evolution drove us to choose similar kin『进化驱使我们选择相似者』。observe『观察』、confuse『混淆』、limit『限制』。

逻辑/短语 B. rather than — rather than a coincidence『而非巧合』，前后对照。according to『根据』、regardless of『不顾』、along with『连同』。

词义/名词 D. benefits — the chances of being similar『相似的概率/可能性』。responses『反应』、missions『使命』、benefits『益处』。

复现/形容词 C. faster — 后文『能更快识别同伴』对照 → faster。later『更晚』、slower『更慢』方向反、earlier『更早』。

词义/动词 C. understand — it helps us remember who is like us『帮我们记住谁与自己相似』。forecast『预测』、understand『理解』、express『表达』。

词义/形容词 B. contributory — genes that are contributory to being social『对社交有贡献的基因』。unpredictable『不可预测』、controllable『可控』、disruptive『破坏性』。

词义/名词 D. tendency — a tendency to choose similar friends『选择相似朋友的倾向』。endeavor『努力』、decision『决定』、arrangement『安排』。

复现/形容词 C. ethnic — 与前文 ethnic(族裔)复现 → ethnic similarity『族裔相似』。political『政治』、religious『宗教』、economic『经济』。

词义/动词 A. see — you can see it in friends’ looks『你能在朋友外貌上看出』。show『展示』、prove『证明』、tell『辨别』。

PC008 · 小结

本课要点：2015 考词义辨析（contributory/tendency/chances）与复现呼应（ethnic/support 前后复现）；2017 密集考固定搭配（be exposed to / be associated with / attribute…to / in the face of / a host of）。搭配类空必须先找搭档词。

下一课 PC009：英一 2018–2021 选 2 篇（2019 野外导航 / 2021 流体智力）。

【英一】 · 2017

【英一】英语(一) · 2017完形 · 拥抱、压力与感冒（Hugging as a buffer）

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.

In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12.

“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”

Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	Unlike	Besides	Despite	Throughout
2	connected	restricted	equal	inferior
3	choice	view	lesson	host
4	recall	forget	avoid	keep
5	collecting	involving	guiding	affecting
6	of	in	at	on
7	devoted	exposed	lost	attracted
8	across	along	down	out
9	calculated	denied	doubted	imagined
10	served	required	restored	explained
11	Even	Still	Rather	Thus
12	defeats	symptoms	tests	errors
13	minimized	highlighted	controlled	increased
14	equipped	associated	presented	compared
15	assess	moderate	generate	record
16	in the face of	in the form of	in the way of	in the name of
17	transfer	commit	attribute	return
18	because	unless	though	until
19	emerges	vanishes	remains	decreases
20	experiences	combines	justifies	influences

答案（1–20）：1.B　2.A　3.D　4.C　5.B　6.D　7.B　8.C　9.A　10.D　11.A　12.B　13.D　14.B　15.C　16.A　17.C　18.A　19.C　20.D

逐空原创解析

逻辑/短语 B. Besides — Besides protecting you from colds, hugging…『除了防感冒，拥抱还……』，追加同向信息。Unlike『不像』、Despite『尽管』、Throughout『贯穿』。

复现/形容词 A. connected — feel connected to others『感到与他人有联结』，与后文 support 复现。restricted『受限』、equal『平等』、inferior『自卑』。

固定搭配 D. host — a host of reasons『许多原因』，a host of 固定短语。choice『选择』、view『观点』、lesson『教训』。

词义/动词 C. avoid — it helps them avoid the bad effects『帮他们避免坏影响』。recall『回忆』、forget『忘记』、keep『保持』。

词义/动词 B. involving — a study involving 404 adults『一项涉及404名成人的研究』。collecting『收集』、guiding『引导』、affecting『影响』。

固定搭配 D. on — stress is linked on? 此处 be __ to：on 表『关于/在…上』，与前文 symptoms on 搭配。of/in/at 不成立。

固定搭配 B. exposed — after being exposed to the virus『暴露于病毒之后』，be exposed to 固定搭配。devoted『投身』、lost『迷失』、attracted『吸引』。

词义/介词 C. down — hugging spreads across the group『拥抱在人群中传递』。along『沿着』、down『向下』、out『向外』。

词义/动词 A. calculated — more support than they had imagined『比想象的更多』。calculated『计算』、denied『否认』、doubted『怀疑』。

固定搭配 D. explained — hugs served as a buffer『拥抱起到缓冲作用』，serve as 固定搭配。required『需要』、restored『恢复』、explained『解释』。

逻辑/递进 A. Even — Even when they caught a cold…『即便真感冒了』，让步递进。Still『仍然』、Rather『相当』、Thus『因此』。

复现/名词 B. symptoms — the people who reported fewer symptoms『报告更少症状的人』，与感冒复现。defeats『失败』、tests『测试』、errors『错误』。

词义/动词 D. increased — hugging increased the feeling of support『拥抱增强被支持感』。minimized『最小化』、highlighted『强调』、controlled『控制』。

固定搭配 B. associated — be associated with stress『与压力相关』，associated with 固定搭配。equipped『装备』、presented『呈现』、compared『比较』。

词义/动词 C. generate — it can generate positive feelings『产生积极感受』。assess『评估』、moderate『缓和』、record『记录』。

固定短语 A. in the face of — in the face of stress『面对压力时』，固定短语。in the form of『以…形式』、in the way of『关于』、in the name of『以…名义』。

固定搭配 C. attribute — attribute the benefit to hugging『把益处归因于拥抱』，attribute…to 固定搭配。transfer『转移』、commit『投入』、return『返回』。

逻辑/因果 A. because — because hugging is a sign of closeness『因为拥抱是亲密的信号』，解释原因。unless『除非』、though『尽管』、until『直到』。

词义/动词 C. remains — the sense of support remains『被支持感依然存在』。emerges『浮现』、vanishes『消失』方向反、decreases『下降』。

词义/动词 D. influences — hugging positively influences health『拥抱积极地影响健康』。experiences『经历』、combines『结合』、justifies『证明合理』。

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