LATIN ROOT · L010 · 拉丁字根
cede / cess走 · 退让 · 让步
PIE root *ked-(拉丁 cēdere) 「to go, yield, withdraw」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
印欧「走/退让」在拉丁作 cēdere;英语本族 go/went(日耳曼)另线,cede-/cess- 全是后世借词。
*ked- → Latin cēdere「to go, yield」;完成分词 cessum
ced- / cess-
access · proceed · process · succeed · excess · ancestor · necessary · recede(详见本页)
*ked- 在希腊支无公认对应
—G 篇待补
无希腊同源借词
英语本族 go/went(日耳曼)与 cēdere 不同根
goN 篇待补
英语 go 是本族,非 cēdere 同族
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
cēdō 是第三变位动词;英语词主要挂在分词/完成词干 cess- 与现在词干 cēd- 上。
PRESENT 现在词干
cēd-
cēdere/cēdō|第三变位,连接元音 -e-
precede(prae-+cēdere)· recede(re-+cēdere)· cede
PERFECT 完成词干
cess-
cessī|-s- 式完成(cēd→cess)
access(ad-+cēdere)· process(prōcēdere)· success(sub-+cēdere)
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
cess-
cessum/cessus|完成分词 -s-(同完成词干)
excess(ex-+cēdere)· necessary(ne-+cēdere)· ancestor(ante-+cēdere)
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 cēdere 到现代英语各词,四次形态—语音调整。
①-ss- 完成/分词
cēdere→完成 cessī、分词 cessum:access、process、success。
②前缀同化 ad-→ac-
ad-+cēdere→accedere→access;sub-+cēdere→succēdere→success。
③古法 -ss- 保留
cessum→古法语 cesse/cession→cease(反复词 cessāre)。
④-ary/-ory 后缀
cessāre→cease;cessiō→cession;necessary<ne cēssus「不回避的」。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
cēdō 是第三变位动词,完成 cessī 与分词 cessum 同形,英语借词多挂在 cess-。
现在 1sg
cēdō
我走/退让
现在不定式
cēdere
to go, yield
完成 1sg
cessī
我走了(-s- 完成)
目的分词
cessum
to go(分词词干)
现在时变位 · 第三变位
| 人称 | 主动 | 被动 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | cēdō | cēdor | cēd-ō |
| 2 sg | cēdis | cēderis | cēd-is |
| 3 sg | cēdit | cēditur | cēd-it |
| 1 pl | cēdimus | cēdimur | cēd-imus |
| 2 pl | cēditis | cēdiminī | cēd-itis |
| 3 pl | cēdunt | cēduntur | cēd-unt |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| access | accessus(accedere) | acces | 14 世纪 |
| process | processus(prōcēdere) | proces | 14 世纪 |
| success | successus(succēdere) | succes | 16 世纪 |
| necessary | necessarius(ne-+cēdere) | necessaire | 14 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① 完成 cessī 与分词 cessum 同形(-ss- 词干);② access/success/proceed 是拉丁前缀 ad-/sub-/prō-+cēdere 复合;③ necessary<拉丁语 ne cēssum「不可回避」=ne「不」+cēdere「让开」。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
cēdere 的核心是「走/退让」,由「走」向「前进、通行、继任、过剩」引申。
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进入(权),通道;访问,获取;存取
14c. 古法 acces,拉丁 accessus「走近、进入」,accedere(ad+cedere)的完成分词(-us 名词);计算机动词 20c.。
名 进入(权),通道 动 访问,获取 动 存取
▪ They gained access to the building.
他们获得了进入大楼的权限。
▪ The road gives access to the village.
这条路通向村庄。
▪ She has access to the private data.
她有权访问这些私有数据。
▪ They accessed the file from a remote computer.
他们从远程电脑访问了该文件。
祖先,祖宗;(物种/事物的)原型
c.1300 古法 ancestre/ancessor,晚期拉丁 antecessor「走在前者、前任」,ante-(前)+cedere 完成分词+-or。
名 祖先,祖宗;(物种/事物的)原型
▪ Their ancestor came over on a ship.
他们的祖先乘船来到这里。
▪ She traced her ancestors back three centuries.
她把祖先追溯到三个世纪前。
▪ The wolf is the ancestor of the dog.
狼是狗的祖先。
▪ They honored their ancestors at the festival.
他们在节日里纪念祖先。
停止,终止;停息
c.1300 古法 cesser,拉丁 cessare「停歇、作罢、怠工」,cedere(完成分词 cessus)的频繁体动词。
动 停止,终止 名 停息
▪ The fighting ceased at midnight.
战斗在午夜停止。
▪ They ceased production of the old model.
他们停止生产旧型号。
▪ The rain never ceased all day.
雨整天未停。
▪ He worked on the task without cease.
他一刻不停地做这项任务。
超过,超出;越出(限度)
14c. 古法 exceder,拉丁 excedere「走出、越过」,ex-(出)+cedere;古法通俗形作 -ceed。
动 超过,超出;越出(限度)
▪ The cost exceeded our budget.
费用超出了我们的预算。
▪ Her speed exceeded the limit.
她超速了。
▪ The results exceeded all expectations.
结果超出了所有人的预期。
▪ They exceeded the record by ten points.
他们以十分打破了纪录。
过量,超过;过度的,额外的
14c. 古法 excess,拉丁 excessus「走开、偏离、过度」,excedere 的完成分词(第四变格 -us 名词)。
名 过量,超过 形 过度的,额外的
▪ They ate an excess of sweets.
他们吃了过多的糖果。
▪ The excess baggage cost extra.
超重行李要额外付费。
▪ He drank to excess at the party.
他在聚会上饮酒过量。
▪ The store sold excess stock cheaply.
商店廉价出售剩余库存。
过多的,过分的,过度的
14c. 古法 excessif,中世纪拉丁 excessivus,excessus+-ivus。
形 过多的,过分的,过度的
▪ The price was excessive for a small room.
这个小房间价格过高。
▪ She criticized the excessive spending.
她批评过度开支。
▪ They complained about the excessive noise.
他们抱怨噪音过大。
▪ excessive drinking harms the liver.
饮酒过量伤肝。
必然地,必定;必要地
late 14c. necessary+-ly。
副 必然地,必定;必要地
▪ Expensive books are not necessarily better.
贵的书未必更好。
▪ This does not necessarily mean failure.
这并不一定意味着失败。
▪ They necessarily had to agree.
他们必然得同意。
▪ More steps necessarily take more time.
步骤越多必然越耗时。
必要的,必需的;必然的;必需品
late 14c. 古法 necessaire,拉丁 necessarius「不可避免的」,necesse「不可退让」,ne-(不)+cedere「退让」。
形 必要的,必需的 名 必然的 名 必需品
▪ Sleep is necessary for health.
睡眠对健康是必要的。
▪ They packed only the necessary items.
他们只打包了必需品。
▪ It is necessary to leave early.
有必要早点出发。
▪ The agreement ended in necessary changes.
协议带来了必要的改变。
程序,步骤;手续;手术
1610s 法 procédure,中世纪拉丁 procedura「向前进行的方式」,procedere+-ura。
名 程序,步骤;手续;手术
▪ They followed the correct procedure.
他们遵循了正确的程序。
▪ The doctor explained the medical procedure.
医生解释了医疗手术。
▪ She learned the safety procedure.
她学会了安全手续。
▪ The new procedure saves time.
新流程节省时间。
进行,继续;行进;着手
14c. 古法 proceder,拉丁 procedere「向前走、出发」,pro-(向前)+cedere;古法通俗形 -ceed。
动 进行,继续;行进;着手
▪ They proceeded with the plan.
他们继续执行计划。
▪ She proceeded to explain the details.
她接着解释细节。
▪ The project proceeds on schedule.
项目按计划进行。
▪ They proceeded down the narrow path.
他们沿着狭窄的小路前行。
过程,进程;工序;加工,处理;列队行进
14c. 古法 proces,拉丁 processus「向前走、过程」,procedere 的完成分词(-us 名词);动词 19c.。
名 过程,进程 动 工序 动 加工,处理 动 列队行进
▪ Learning a language is a long process.
学习语言是一个漫长的过程。
▪ They process the data each night.
他们每晚处理数据。
▪ The factory uses a slow process.
这家工厂采用缓慢的工序。
▪ The queue processed slowly.
队伍缓慢地向前移动。
处理器;加工机;加工者
1909(工业)/1961(计算机 central processor);process+-or。
名 处理器;加工机;加工者
▪ The new computer has a fast processor.
这台新电脑处理器很快。
▪ They installed a faster processor.
他们安装了更快的处理器。
▪ The food processor chopped the onions.
食品加工机切碎了洋葱。
▪ The processor handles billions of tasks.
处理器处理数十亿次任务。
经济衰退;后退,撤回
1640s「后退」,拉丁 recessionem(recessio「后退」);经济“衰退”义 1905(美国)。
名 经济衰退;后退,撤回
▪ The country entered a deep recession.
这个国家陷入严重的经济衰退。
▪ Many shops closed during the recession.
许多商店在衰退期间倒闭。
▪ They feared another recession.
他们害怕再次衰退。
▪ The recession cut many jobs.
衰退削减了许多岗位。
成功;接替,继任;接着发生
14c. 古法 succeder,拉丁 succedere「从下走近、紧随、接替、顺遂」,sub-(在下)+cedere;古法通俗形 -ceed。
动 成功;接替,继任;接着发生
▪ She succeeded in passing the exam.
她成功通过了考试。
▪ He will succeed his father as leader.
他将接替父亲成为领袖。
▪ They succeeded after many attempts.
经过多次尝试他们成功了。
▪ The quiet man succeeded to the throne.
这位沉静的人继承了王位。
成功;成功的人(或事物)
1530s「结果、幸运」,1580s「如愿以偿」;拉丁 successus「接续、顺遂结果」,succedere 的完成分词(-us 名词)。
名 成功;成功的人(或事物)
▪ The party was a great success.
这次聚会非常成功。
▪ They worked hard for success.
他们为成功努力工作。
▪ The new product became a huge success.
新产品大获成功。
▪ She wished him success.
她祝他成功。
成功的,有成就的
1580s success+-ful;1610s 起泛指一切成功。
形 成功的,有成就的
▪ They held a successful event.
他们举办了一场成功的活动。
▪ She is a successful lawyer.
她是一位成功的律师。
▪ The attack was successful.
袭击成功了。
▪ They proved a successful team.
他们证明是一支成功的队伍。
成功地,顺利地
successful+-ly。
副 成功地,顺利地
▪ They successfully finished the project.
他们成功地完成了项目。
▪ She passed the test successfully.
她顺利通过了考试。
▪ The rocket launched successfully.
火箭成功发射。
▪ They completed the task successfully.
他们圆满完成了任务。
可进入的;易得到的;易懂的;无障碍的
15c. 古法 accessible,晚期拉丁 accessibilis「可接近的」,accessus+-bilis。
形 可进入的;易得到的;易懂的;无障碍的
▪ The building is accessible to wheelchairs.
这座建筑可供轮椅通行。
▪ The information is easily accessible online.
这些信息在网上很容易获取。
▪ She wrote an accessible guide for beginners.
她写了一本初学者易懂的指南。
▪ The island is accessible by boat.
这座岛可乘船到达。
附件,配件;配饰;从犯;附属的
15c. 中世纪拉丁 accessorius「附加的、同来的」,accessus(走近)+-orius;法律“从犯”15c.。
名 附件,配件 形 配饰 形 从犯 形 附属的
▪ She bought a leather accessory for her phone.
她买了一个手机皮套配件。
▪ They charged him as an accessory to the crime.
他们指控他为从犯。
▪ The store sells scarves and other accessories.
这家店出售围巾和其他配饰。
▪ The camera has useful accessories.
这台相机有实用的配件。
祖先的,祖传的
1520s 古法 ancestrel,ancestre(祖先)+-el/-al。
形 祖先的,祖传的
▪ They visited their ancestral home.
他们参观了祖宅。
▪ The ancestral land had been in the family for ages.
祖传的土地属于这个家族多年。
▪ She told ancestral stories to the children.
她给孩子们讲祖先的故事。
▪ They restored the ancestral temple.
他们修复了宗祠。
祖先(总称);世系,血统
early 14c. 古法 ancesserie,ancestre(祖先)的集合名词;拼写后随 ancestor。
名 祖先(总称);世系,血统
▪ They traced their ancestry to Scotland.
他们把血统追溯到苏格兰。
▪ She is proud of her ancestry.
她为自己的血统感到自豪。
▪ The research studied family ancestry.
这项研究考察家族世系。
▪ They learned about their ancestry online.
他们在网上了解自己的祖先。
停火,停战(协定)
1916 名词,源自军令短语 cease fire(1847)。
名 停火,停战(协定)
▪ The two sides agreed to a ceasefire.
双方同意停火。
▪ The ceasefire held for a month.
停火维持了一个月。
▪ They celebrated the fragile ceasefire.
他们庆祝这脆弱的停火。
▪ The peace talks set a ceasefire date.
和谈确定了停火日期。
(不情愿地)让步;承认;让出
15c. 拉丁 concedere「退让、交出、允许」,con-(强调)+cedere(让)。
动 (不情愿地)让步;承认;让出
▪ He finally conceded defeat.
他终于承认失败。
▪ They conceded the point in the debate.
他们在辩论中承认了对方的论点。
▪ She conceded a goal late in the game.
她队在比赛末段丢了一球。
▪ The loser conceded gracefully.
失败者风度优雅地认输。
让步;特许权;优惠;租界
15c. 古法 concession,拉丁 concessionem(concessio「让出、允许」),concedere 的 -io 名词。
名 让步;特许权;优惠;租界
▪ They made a concession to reach a deal.
他们作出让步以达成协议。
▪ The firm won a mining concession.
这家公司获得了采矿特许权。
▪ She refused to make any concession.
她拒绝作出任何让步。
▪ The concession price pleased the buyers.
优惠价让买家高兴。
已故的;死者
14c. decease+-ed;法律、讣告固定委婉语。
形 已故的 名 死者
▪ The deceased left a large fortune.
死者留下一大笔财产。
▪ They honored the deceased veteran.
他们向已故的老兵致敬。
▪ The deceased had no family.
这位死者没有家人。
▪ She spoke of her deceased husband.
她谈起已故的丈夫。
割让,让出(领土、权利)
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 割让,让出(领土、权利)
▪ The cede is widely used in this kind of work.
割让在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the cede in a safe place after use.
用后请把割让放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the cede to the entrance of the building.
团队把割让搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable cede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的割让。
同意,答应;即位;加入(条约)
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cedere
名 同意,答应;即位;加入(条约)
▪ The accede is widely used in this kind of work.
同意在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the accede in a safe place after use.
用后请把同意放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the accede to the entrance of the building.
团队把同意搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable accede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的同意。
在…之前,先于
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cedere。
名 在…之前,先于
▪ The antecede is widely used in this kind of work.
在…之前在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the antecede in a safe place after use.
用后请把在…之前放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the antecede to the entrance of the building.
团队把在…之前搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable antecede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的在…之前。
调停,斡旋;(为某人)求情
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cedere。
名 调停,斡旋;(为某人)求情
▪ The intercede is widely used in this kind of work.
调停在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the intercede in a safe place after use.
用后请把调停放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the intercede to the entrance of the building.
团队把调停搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable intercede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的调停。
在…之前,先于;(级别)高于
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cedere。
名 在…之前,先于;(级别)高于
▪ The precede is widely used in this kind of work.
在…之前在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the precede in a safe place after use.
用后请把在…之前放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the precede to the entrance of the building.
团队把在…之前搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable precede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的在…之前。
后退,退去;逐渐远去;(发际线)后移
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cedere。
名 后退,退去;逐渐远去;(发际线)后移
▪ The recede is widely used in this kind of work.
后退在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the recede in a safe place after use.
用后请把后退放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the recede to the entrance of the building.
团队把后退搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable recede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的后退。
归还(领土);后退,退却
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cedere。
名 归还(领土);后退,退却
▪ The retrocede is widely used in this kind of work.
归还在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the retrocede in a safe place after use.
用后请把归还放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the retrocede to the entrance of the building.
团队把归还搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable retrocede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的归还。
cedere。
退出,脱离(组织、联邦)
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1702 + cedere。
名 退出,脱离(组织、联邦)
▪ The secede is widely used in this kind of work.
退出在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the secede in a safe place after use.
用后请把退出放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the secede to the entrance of the building.
团队把退出搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable secede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的退出。
-ly。
极其,非常
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:14c. exceeding + -ly。
副 极其,非常
▪ The team exceedingly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前极其完成了任务。
▪ She exceedingly checked the results and then signed the form.
她极其核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were exceedingly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被极其修改了。
▪ He spoke exceedingly so that everyone could understand.
他极其发言,好让每个人都听懂。
-ly。
过分地,过度地
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:excessive + -ly。
副 过分地,过度地
▪ The team excessively finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前过分地完成了任务。
▪ She excessively checked the results and then signed the form.
她过分地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were excessively changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被过分地修改了。
▪ He spoke excessively so that everyone could understand.
他过分地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
随后的,接着的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
形 随后的,接着的
▪ The new rule will be succeeding for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是随后的。
▪ They considered the plan succeeding after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是随后的。
▪ The manager gave a succeeding answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个随后的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be succeeding before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是随后的的。
连续,一系列;继承,继任
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 连续,一系列;继承,继任
▪ The whole succession took several hours to complete.
整个连续过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper succession is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的连续至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of succession with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了连续的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the succession.
经理就连续写了一份清晰的报告。
连续的,接连的,依次的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:-ivus。
形 连续的,接连的,依次的
▪ The new rule will be successive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是连续的。
▪ They considered the plan successive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是连续的。
▪ The manager gave a successive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个连续的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be successive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是连续的的。
-ly。
相继地,依次地
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:successive + -ly。
副 相继地,依次地
▪ The team successively finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前相继地完成了任务。
▪ She successively checked the results and then signed the form.
她相继地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were successively changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被相继地修改了。
▪ He spoke successively so that everyone could understand.
他相继地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
继任者,接班人;后继事物
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 继任者,接班人;后继事物
▪ The successor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位继任者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained successor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的继任者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced successor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的继任者。
▪ The successor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,继任者回答了记者的提问。
successful。
不成功的,失败的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1610s un- + successful。
形 不成功的,失败的
▪ The new rule will be unsuccessful for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不成功的。
▪ They considered the plan unsuccessful after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不成功的。
▪ The manager gave a unsuccessful answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不成功的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unsuccessful before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不成功的的。
-ly。
不成功地,徒劳地
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:unsuccessful + -ly。
副 不成功地,徒劳地
▪ The team unsuccessfully finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前不成功地完成了任务。
▪ She unsuccessfully checked the results and then signed the form.
她不成功地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were unsuccessfully changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被不成功地修改了。
▪ He spoke unsuccessfully so that everyone could understand.
他不成功地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
-ing;复数“诉讼/记录”17c.。
进程,行动;(复数)记录;诉讼程序
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:15c. proceed + -ing;复数“诉讼/记录”17c.。
名 进程,行动;(复数)记录;诉讼程序
▪ The whole proceeding took several hours to complete.
整个进程过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper proceeding is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的进程至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of proceeding with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了进程的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the proceeding.
经理就进程写了一份清晰的报告。
会议记录,论文集;诉讼程序
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 会议记录,论文集;诉讼程序
▪ The proceedings is widely used in this kind of work.
会议记录在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the proceedings in a safe place after use.
用后请把会议记录放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the proceedings to the entrance of the building.
团队把会议记录搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable proceedings at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的会议记录。
(售物、活动的)收入,收益
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 (售物、活动的)收入,收益
▪ The proceeds is widely used in this kind of work.
收入在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the proceeds in a safe place after use.
用后请把收入放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the proceeds to the entrance of the building.
团队把收入搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable proceeds at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的收入。
-ed,20c. 食品义常用。
加工过的,处理过的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:process + -ed,20c. 食品义常用。
形 加工过的,处理过的
▪ The new rule will be processed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是加工过的。
▪ They considered the plan processed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是加工过的。
▪ The manager gave a processed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个加工过的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be processed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是加工过的的。
-ing,20c. 随工业、计算机高频。
加工,处理;(数据)处理
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:process + -ing,20c. 随工业、计算机高频。
名 加工,处理;(数据)处理
▪ The whole processing took several hours to complete.
整个加工过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper processing is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的加工至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of processing with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了加工的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the processing.
经理就加工写了一份清晰的报告。
(人、车的)行列,队伍;列队行进
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 (人、车的)行列,队伍;列队行进
▪ The whole procession took several hours to complete.
整个行列过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper procession is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的行列至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of procession with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了行列的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the procession.
经理就行列写了一份清晰的报告。
process
再加工,重新处理;(核燃料)后处理
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1939 re- + process
名 再加工,重新处理;(核燃料)后处理
▪ The reprocess is widely used in this kind of work.
再加工在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the reprocess in a safe place after use.
用后请把再加工放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the reprocess to the entrance of the building.
团队把再加工搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable reprocess at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的再加工。
processed。
未加工的,未经处理的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:20c. un- + processed。
形 未加工的,未经处理的
▪ The new rule will be unprocessed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是未加工的。
▪ They considered the plan unprocessed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是未加工的。
▪ The manager gave a unprocessed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个未加工的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unprocessed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是未加工的的。
可及性;易使用;无障碍(设施)
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:accessible
名 可及性;易使用;无障碍(设施)
▪ The whole accessibility took several hours to complete.
整个可及性过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper accessibility is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的可及性至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of accessibility with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了可及性的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the accessibility.
经理就可及性写了一份清晰的报告。
难到达的;不可使用的;难接近的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:accessibilis。
形 难到达的;不可使用的;难接近的
▪ The new rule will be inaccessible for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是难到达的。
▪ They considered the plan inaccessible after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是难到达的。
▪ The manager gave a inaccessible answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个难到达的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be inaccessible before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是难到达的的。
就任,即位;加入;(藏品)入库
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 就任,即位;加入;(藏品)入库
▪ The whole accession took several hours to complete.
整个就任过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper accession is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的就任至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of accession with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了就任的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the accession.
经理就就任写了一份清晰的报告。
特许经营者;特许权持有人
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:-aire。
名 特许经营者;特许权持有人
▪ The concessionaire arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位特许经营者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained concessionaire knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的特许经营者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced concessionaire for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的特许经营者。
▪ The concessionaire answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,特许经营者回答了记者的提问。
(领土、权利的)割让,让与
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 (领土、权利的)割让,让与
▪ The whole cession took several hours to complete.
整个割让过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper cession is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的割让至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of cession with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了割让的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the cession.
经理就割让写了一份清晰的报告。
调停,斡旋;代祷,求情
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 调停,斡旋;代祷,求情
▪ The whole intercession took several hours to complete.
整个调停过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper intercession is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的调停至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of intercession with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了调停的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the intercession.
经理就调停写了一份清晰的报告。
退出,脱离;(美国史)南方脱离联邦
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 退出,脱离;(美国史)南方脱离联邦
▪ The whole secession took several hours to complete.
整个退出过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper secession is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的退出至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of secession with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了退出的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the secession.
经理就退出写了一份清晰的报告。
-ist
分离主义者(的),脱离派
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1851 secession + -ist
名 分离主义者(的),脱离派
▪ The secessionist arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位分离主义者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained secessionist knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的分离主义者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced secessionist for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的分离主义者。
▪ The secessionist answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,分离主义者回答了记者的提问。
休息,休会;凹处,壁龛;休会
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 休息,休会;凹处,壁龛;休会
▪ The recess is widely used in this kind of work.
休息在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the recess in a safe place after use.
用后请把休息放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the recess to the entrance of the building.
团队把休息搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable recess at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的休息。
-ary,20c. 经济义。
衰退的;有萧条压力的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:recession + -ary,20c. 经济义。
形 衰退的;有萧条压力的
▪ The new rule will be recessionary for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是衰退的。
▪ They considered the plan recessionary after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是衰退的。
▪ The manager gave a recessionary answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个衰退的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be recessionary before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是衰退的的。
-ive;遗传学“隐性”义 1900
隐性的(遗传);后退的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1670s「后退的」,recess + -ive;遗传学“隐性”义 1900
形 隐性的(遗传);后退的
▪ The new rule will be recessive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是隐性的。
▪ They considered the plan recessive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是隐性的。
▪ The manager gave a recessive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个隐性的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be recessive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是隐性的的。
先例,判例;在先的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 先例,判例;在先的
▪ The precedent is widely used in this kind of work.
先例在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the precedent in a safe place after use.
用后请把先例放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the precedent to the entrance of the building.
团队把先例搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable precedent at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的先例。
优先,居先;优先权
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 优先,居先;优先权
▪ The whole precedence took several hours to complete.
整个优先过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper precedence is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的优先至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of precedence with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了优先的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the precedence.
经理就优先写了一份清晰的报告。
precedented
史无前例的,空前的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1640s un- + precedented
形 史无前例的,空前的
▪ The new rule will be unprecedented for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是史无前例的。
▪ They considered the plan unprecedented after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是史无前例的。
▪ The manager gave a unprecedented answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个史无前例的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unprecedented before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是史无前例的的。
-ly。
空前地,史无前例地
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:unprecedented + -ly。
副 空前地,史无前例地
▪ The team unprecedentedly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前空前地完成了任务。
▪ She unprecedentedly checked the results and then signed the form.
她空前地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were unprecedentedly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被空前地修改了。
▪ He spoke unprecedentedly so that everyone could understand.
他空前地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
前事,前身;(语法)先行词;先前的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 前事,前身;(语法)先行词;先前的
▪ The antecedent is widely used in this kind of work.
前事在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the antecedent in a safe place after use.
用后请把前事放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the antecedent to the entrance of the building.
团队把前事搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable antecedent at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的前事。
前任,前辈;(被取代的)原有事物
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:decessor
名 前任,前辈;(被取代的)原有事物
▪ The predecessor is widely used in this kind of work.
前任在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the predecessor in a safe place after use.
用后请把前任放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the predecessor to the entrance of the building.
团队把前任搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable predecessor at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的前任。
decedere
比…先死,先于…去世
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:16c. 法 prédécéder,prae- + decedere
名 比…先死,先于…去世
▪ The predecease is widely used in this kind of work.
比…先死在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the predecease in a safe place after use.
用后请把比…先死放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the predecease to the entrance of the building.
团队把比…先死搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable predecease at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的比…先死。
-less。
不停的,持续的,无休止的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1580s cease + -less。
形 不停的,持续的,无休止的
▪ The new rule will be ceaseless for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不停的。
▪ They considered the plan ceaseless after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不停的。
▪ The manager gave a ceaseless answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不停的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be ceaseless before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不停的的。
-ly。
不停地,持续不断地
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:ceaseless + -ly。
副 不停地,持续不断地
▪ The team ceaselessly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前不停地完成了任务。
▪ She ceaselessly checked the results and then signed the form.
她不停地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were ceaselessly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被不停地修改了。
▪ He spoke ceaselessly so that everyone could understand.
他不停地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
ceasing
不停的,持续的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:14c. un- + ceasing
形 不停的,持续的
▪ The new rule will be unceasing for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不停的。
▪ They considered the plan unceasing after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不停的。
▪ The manager gave a unceasing answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不停的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unceasing before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不停的的。
-ly。
不停地,不断地
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:unceasing + -ly。
副 不停地,不断地
▪ The team unceasingly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前不停地完成了任务。
▪ She unceasingly checked the results and then signed the form.
她不停地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were unceasingly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被不停地修改了。
▪ He spoke unceasingly so that everyone could understand.
他不停地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
停止,终止,中断
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 停止,终止,中断
▪ The whole cessation took several hours to complete.
整个停止过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper cessation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的停止至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of cessation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了停止的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the cessation.
经理就停止写了一份清晰的报告。
cessans
不停的,连续不断的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:15c. 晚期拉丁 incessant-,in- + cessans
形 不停的,连续不断的
▪ The new rule will be incessant for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不停的。
▪ They considered the plan incessant after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不停的。
▪ The manager gave a incessant answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不停的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be incessant before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不停的的。
-ly。
不停地,不断地
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:incessant + -ly。
副 不停地,不断地
▪ The team incessantly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前不停地完成了任务。
▪ She incessantly checked the results and then signed the form.
她不停地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were incessantly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被不停地修改了。
▪ He spoke incessantly so that everyone could understand.
他不停地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
死亡,去世
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cedere)的完成分词。
名 死亡,去世
▪ The decease is widely used in this kind of work.
死亡在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the decease in a safe place after use.
用后请把死亡放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the decease to the entrance of the building.
团队把死亡搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable decease at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的死亡。
脓肿,脓包
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1610s 拉丁 abscessus「走开」
名 脓肿,脓包
▪ The abscess is widely used in this kind of work.
脓肿在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the abscess in a safe place after use.
用后请把脓肿放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the abscess to the entrance of the building.
团队把脓肿搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable abscess at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的脓肿。
necessary。
不必要的,多余的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:1540s un- + necessary。
形 不必要的,多余的
▪ The new rule will be unnecessary for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不必要的。
▪ They considered the plan unnecessary after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不必要的。
▪ The manager gave a unnecessary answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不必要的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unnecessary before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不必要的的。
-ly。
不必要地,多余地
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:unnecessary + -ly。
副 不必要地,多余地
▪ The team unnecessarily finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前不必要地完成了任务。
▪ She unnecessarily checked the results and then signed the form.
她不必要地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were unnecessarily changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被不必要地修改了。
▪ He spoke unnecessarily so that everyone could understand.
他不必要地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
需要,必要;必需品;必然性;贫困
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:cede/cess
名 需要,必要;必需品;必然性;贫困
▪ The whole necessity took several hours to complete.
整个需要过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper necessity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的需要至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of necessity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了需要的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the necessity.
经理就需要写了一份清晰的报告。
使成为必需,需要;迫使
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:-are。
动 使成为必需,需要;迫使
▪ The manager decided to necessitate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使成为必需这个问题。
▪ She will necessitate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使成为必需这项任务。
▪ They need to necessitate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使成为必需这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to necessitate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使成为必需了计划。
cess
ive
有妥协性的,让步的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:con + cess + ive
形 有妥协性的,让步的
▪ The new rule will be concessive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有妥协性的。
▪ They considered the plan concessive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有妥协性的。
▪ The manager gave a concessive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有妥协性的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be concessive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有妥协性的的。
ing
非常的,极度的
拉丁词根 cede/cess 派生:exceed + ing
形 非常的,极度的
▪ The new rule will be exceeding for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是非常的。
▪ They considered the plan exceeding after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是非常的。
▪ The manager gave a exceeding answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个非常的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be exceeding before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是非常的的。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
注意:cede/cess 与 cease
cease 来自拉丁反复动词 cessāre「停着不走」(cēdere 的反复形),与 cede/cess「走」同根,但语义转向「停止」;勿与 cede「割让」混淆。
ancestor 的构成
拉丁 antecēdere「走在前」的比较形 antecessor→ancestor;故 ancestor=ante-「前」+cēdere「走」=先走在前的祖先。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *ked-(to go, yield)
│
├─ 拉丁 cēdō · cēdere · cessī · cessum(第三变位,-s- 完成)
│ ├─ 现在词干 cēd-:precede · recede · cede
│ └─ 完成/分词词干 cess-:
│ access · process · proceed · success · exceed · excess · necessary · ancestor · precedent
│
├─ 希腊:*ked- 无公认对应
│
└─ 日耳曼:英语 go/went(本族,不同根)
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 cede-/cess- 同根,以 -ss- 完成/分词与前缀复合为决定性证据。
三词干
cēd-/cess-/cess- 同根;access、success 由 ad-/sub-+cēdere 推出。
ad-→ac- / cessum→process
前缀同化;古法 -ss- 保留。
25 词闭环
本页 25 词都由 cēd-/cess- 加前缀复合或 -ion/-or/-ary 生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
N · 日耳曼 go(本族)
go
英语 go(日耳曼)语义对应 cēdere,词源不同根
高阶拉丁 · cess-
cess-
procession「行列」· recession「衰退」· predecessor「前任」
一屏速记 · 83 词
名 进入(权),通道;动 访问,获取;动 存取
构ac- / cess
例They gained access to the building
名 祖先,祖宗;(物种/事物的)原型
构ante- / cess / -or
例Their ancestor came over on a ship
动 停止,终止;名 停息
构ceas(cessare
例The fighting ceased at midnight
动 超过,超出;越出(限度)
构ex- / ceed
例The cost exceeded our budget
名 过量,超过;形 过度的,额外的
构ex- / cess
例They ate an excess of sweets
形 过多的,过分的,过度的
构ex- / cess / -ive
例The price was excessive for a small
副 必然地,必定;必要地
构ne- / cess / -ary / -ly
例Expensive books are not necessarily better
形 必要的,必需的;名 必然的;名 必需品
构ne- / cess / -ary
例Sleep is necessary for health
名 程序,步骤;手续;手术
构pro- / ced / -ure
例They followed the correct procedure
动 进行,继续;行进;着手
构pro- / ceed
例They proceeded with the plan
名 过程,进程;动 工序;动 加工,处理;动 列队行进
构pro- / cess
例Learning a language is a long process
名 处理器;加工机;加工者
构pro- / cess / -or
例The new computer has a fast processor
名 经济衰退;后退,撤回
构re- / cess / -ion
例The country entered a deep recession
动 成功;接替,继任;接着发生
构suc- / ceed
例She succeeded in passing the exam
名 成功;成功的人(或事物)
构suc- / cess
例The party was a great success
形 成功的,有成就的
构suc- / cess / -ful
例They held a successful event
副 成功地,顺利地
构suc- / cess / -ful / -ly
例They successfully finished the project
形 可进入的;易得到的;易懂的;无障碍的
构ac- / cess / -ible
例The building is accessible to wheelchairs
名 附件,配件;形 配饰;形 从犯;形 附属的
构ac- / cess / -ory
例She bought a leather accessory for her
形 祖先的,祖传的
构ancestr / -al
例They visited their ancestral home
名 祖先(总称);世系,血统
构ancest / -ry
例They traced their ancestry to Scotland
名 停火,停战(协定)
构cease / fire
例The two sides agreed to a ceasefire
动 (不情愿地)让步;承认;让出
构con- / cede
例He finally conceded defeat
名 让步;特许权;优惠;租界
构con- / cess / -ion
例They made a concession to reach a
形 已故的;名 死者
构de- / ceas / -ed
例The deceased left a large fortune
名 割让,让出(领土、权利)
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The cede is widely used in this kind of work.
名 同意,答应;即位;加入(条约)
源cedere
构cedere
例The accede is widely used in this kind of work.
名 在…之前,先于
源cedere。
构cedere。
例The antecede is widely used in this kind of work.
名 调停,斡旋;(为某人)求情
源cedere。
构cedere。
例The intercede is widely used in this kind of work.
名 在…之前,先于;(级别)高于
源cedere。
构cedere。
例The precede is widely used in this kind of work.
名 后退,退去;逐渐远去;(发际线)后移
源cedere。
构cedere。
例The recede is widely used in this kind of work.
名 归还(领土);后退,退却
源cedere。
构cedere。
例The retrocede is widely used in this kind of work.
名 退出,脱离(组织、联邦)
源1702 + cedere。
构1702 + cedere。
例The secede is widely used in this kind of work.
副 极其,非常
源14c. exceeding + -ly。
构14c. exceeding + -ly。
例The team exceedingly finished the task before the deadline.
副 过分地,过度地
源excessive + -ly。
构excessive + -ly。
例The team excessively finished the task before the deadline.
形 随后的,接着的
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The new rule will be succeeding for everyone in the group.
名 连续,一系列;继承,继任
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole succession took several hours to complete.
形 连续的,接连的,依次的
源-ivus。
构-ivus。
例The new rule will be successive for everyone in the group.
副 相继地,依次地
源successive + -ly。
构successive + -ly。
例The team successively finished the task before the deadline.
名 继任者,接班人;后继事物
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The successor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 不成功的,失败的
源1610s un- + successful。
构1610s un- + successful。
例The new rule will be unsuccessful for everyone in the group.
副 不成功地,徒劳地
源unsuccessful + -ly。
构unsuccessful + -ly。
例The team unsuccessfully finished the task before the deadline.
名 进程,行动;(复数)记录;诉讼程序
源15c. proceed + -ing;复数“诉讼/记录”17c.。
构15c. proceed + -ing;复数“诉讼/记录”17c.。
例The whole proceeding took several hours to complete.
名 会议记录,论文集;诉讼程序
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The proceedings is widely used in this kind of work.
名 (售物、活动的)收入,收益
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The proceeds is widely used in this kind of work.
形 加工过的,处理过的
源process + -ed,20c. 食品义常用。
构process + -ed,20c. 食品义常用。
例The new rule will be processed for everyone in the group.
名 加工,处理;(数据)处理
源process + -ing,20c. 随工业、计算机高频。
构process + -ing,20c. 随工业、计算机高频。
例The whole processing took several hours to complete.
名 (人、车的)行列,队伍;列队行进
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole procession took several hours to complete.
名 再加工,重新处理;(核燃料)后处理
源1939 re- + process
构1939 re- + process
例The reprocess is widely used in this kind of work.
形 未加工的,未经处理的
源20c. un- + processed。
构20c. un- + processed。
例The new rule will be unprocessed for everyone in the group.
名 可及性;易使用;无障碍(设施)
源accessible
构accessible
例The whole accessibility took several hours to complete.
形 难到达的;不可使用的;难接近的
源accessibilis。
构accessibilis。
例The new rule will be inaccessible for everyone in the group.
名 就任,即位;加入;(藏品)入库
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole accession took several hours to complete.
名 特许经营者;特许权持有人
源-aire。
构-aire。
例The concessionaire arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 (领土、权利的)割让,让与
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole cession took several hours to complete.
名 调停,斡旋;代祷,求情
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole intercession took several hours to complete.
名 退出,脱离;(美国史)南方脱离联邦
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole secession took several hours to complete.
名 分离主义者(的),脱离派
源1851 secession + -ist
构1851 secession + -ist
例The secessionist arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 休息,休会;凹处,壁龛;休会
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The recess is widely used in this kind of work.
形 衰退的;有萧条压力的
源recession + -ary,20c. 经济义。
构recession + -ary,20c. 经济义。
例The new rule will be recessionary for everyone in the group.
形 隐性的(遗传);后退的
源1670s「后退的」,recess + -ive;遗传学“隐性”义 1900
构1670s「后退的」,recess + -ive;遗传学“隐性”义 1900
例The new rule will be recessive for everyone in the group.
名 先例,判例;在先的
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The precedent is widely used in this kind of work.
名 优先,居先;优先权
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole precedence took several hours to complete.
形 史无前例的,空前的
源1640s un- + precedented
构1640s un- + precedented
例The new rule will be unprecedented for everyone in the group.
副 空前地,史无前例地
源unprecedented + -ly。
构unprecedented + -ly。
例The team unprecedentedly finished the task before the deadline.
名 前事,前身;(语法)先行词;先前的
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The antecedent is widely used in this kind of work.
名 前任,前辈;(被取代的)原有事物
源decessor
构decessor
例The predecessor is widely used in this kind of work.
名 比…先死,先于…去世
源16c. 法 prédécéder,prae- + decedere
构16c. 法 prédécéder,prae- + decedere
例The predecease is widely used in this kind of work.
形 不停的,持续的,无休止的
源1580s cease + -less。
构1580s cease + -less。
例The new rule will be ceaseless for everyone in the group.
副 不停地,持续不断地
源ceaseless + -ly。
构ceaseless + -ly。
例The team ceaselessly finished the task before the deadline.
形 不停的,持续的
源14c. un- + ceasing
构14c. un- + ceasing
例The new rule will be unceasing for everyone in the group.
副 不停地,不断地
源unceasing + -ly。
构unceasing + -ly。
例The team unceasingly finished the task before the deadline.
名 停止,终止,中断
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole cessation took several hours to complete.
形 不停的,连续不断的
源15c. 晚期拉丁 incessant-,in- + cessans
构15c. 晚期拉丁 incessant-,in- + cessans
例The new rule will be incessant for everyone in the group.
副 不停地,不断地
源incessant + -ly。
构incessant + -ly。
例The team incessantly finished the task before the deadline.
名 死亡,去世
源cedere)的完成分词。
构cedere)的完成分词。
例The decease is widely used in this kind of work.
名 脓肿,脓包
源1610s 拉丁 abscessus「走开」
构1610s 拉丁 abscessus「走开」
例The abscess is widely used in this kind of work.
形 不必要的,多余的
源1540s un- + necessary。
构1540s un- + necessary。
例The new rule will be unnecessary for everyone in the group.
副 不必要地,多余地
源unnecessary + -ly。
构unnecessary + -ly。
例The team unnecessarily finished the task before the deadline.
名 需要,必要;必需品;必然性;贫困
源cede/cess
构cede/cess
例The whole necessity took several hours to complete.
动 使成为必需,需要;迫使
源-are。
构-are。
例The manager decided to necessitate the problem before the meeting.
形 有妥协性的,让步的
源con + cess + ive
构con + cess + ive
例The new rule will be concessive for everyone in the group.
形 非常的,极度的
源exceed + ing
构exceed + ing
例The new rule will be exceeding for everyone in the group.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
cede/cess 在三条线上的对应字根(点击可跳转)。
G 篇待补
N 篇待补 · go(本族,不同根)

