LATIN ROOT · L040 · 拉丁字根
hab / hibit持有 · 居住 · 具有
PIE root *ghabh-(拉丁 habēre) 「to hold, have」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
印欧「持有」在拉丁作 habēre;英语 habit/exhibit 是后世借词。
*ghabh- → Latin habēre「to have, hold」
hab- / hibit-
habit · habitat · inhabit · exhibit · inhibit · prohibit · ability · able(详见本页)
*ghabh- 在希腊支无公认对应
—G 篇待补
无希腊同源借词
英语本族 have(日耳曼)与 habēre 不同根
haveN 篇待补
英语 have 是本族,非 habēre 同族
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
habeō 是第二变位动词;英语词挂在现在词干 hab- 与复合词干 hibit- 上。
PRESENT 现在词干
hab-
habēre/habeō|第二变位
habit(habitus)· habitat · inhabit · able(habilis)
PERFECT 完成词干
habu-
habuī|-u- 完成
拉丁完成时 habuī「我持有了」(现代英语不直接借此词干)
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
habit-
habitum/habitūs|完成分词
exhibit(exhibēre)· inhibit · prohibit · rehabilitate
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 habēre 到现代英语各词,四次形态—语音调整。
①完成分词 -bit-
habēre→habitum:habit、habitat。
②复合 ex-/in-/pro-
ex-+habēre→exhibēre、in-+habēre→inhibēre、prō-+habēre→prohibēre。
③古法 -bilis→-ble
habilis→古法 hable→able;habilitās→ability。
④-itāre→-itate
habilitāre→rehabilitate。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
habeō 是第二变位动词,-u- 完成 habuī 与分词 habitum 为英语常用词干。
现在 1sg
habeō
我持有
现在不定式
habēre
to have
完成 1sg
habuī
我持有了(-u-)
目的分词
habitum
to have(分词词干)
现在时变位 · 第二变位
| 人称 | 主动 | 被动 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | habeō | habeor | habe-ō |
| 2 sg | habēs | habēris | habe-s |
| 3 sg | habet | habētur | habe-t |
| 1 pl | habēmus | habēmur | habē-mus |
| 2 pl | habētis | habēminī | habē-tis |
| 3 pl | habent | habentur | habe-nt |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| habit | habitus | habite | 13 世纪 |
| able | habilis | hable | 14 世纪 |
| exhibit | exhibēre | — | 15 世纪 |
| prohibit | prohibēre | — | 15 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① habit=habitus「所持/状态」→习惯/长袍;② able=habilis「可持的→能干的」;③ prohibit=prō-「在前」+habēre「持」=在前挡住→禁止。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
habēre 的核心是「持有」,由「持有」向「习惯、居住、展览、禁止、能力」引申。
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能力;才能;本领
late14c 古法 ableté<拉丁 habilitatem(habilitas)<habilis「易持、灵巧」;h 未能恢复。
名 能力;才能;本领
▪ She has the ability to solve complex problems quickly.
她有迅速解决复杂问题的能力。
▪ The test measures reading ability, not memory.
这项测试考查的是阅读能力,而非记忆力。
▪ His ability to listen makes him a good leader.
他善于倾听,这使他成为一位好领导。
▪ They doubted his ability to finish on time.
他们怀疑他能否按时完成。
能够的;有能力的;能干的
early14c 古法 (h)able「能干、合适、敏捷」<拉丁 habilem/habilis「易操作的、灵巧的」,habere「持」的动词形容词。
a. 能够的;有能力的;能干的
▪ We are able to finish the project by Friday.
我们能够在周五前完成这个项目。
▪ She is an able engineer with ten years of experience.
她是一位有十年经验的能干工程师。
▪ The rescue team was able to reach the camp before dark.
救援队赶在天黑前抵达了营地。
▪ He is able to work independently under pressure.
他能在压力下独立工作。
展览;展示;展品;(法庭)证物
mid-15c 拉丁 exhibitus(exhibere「持出、展示」的分词)=ex-(出)+habere「持」;名词 1620s 法庭证物。
动 展览 名 展示 名 展品 名 (法庭)证物
▪ The museum will exhibit ancient Roman coins next month.
博物馆下月将展出古罗马钱币。
▪ Patients may exhibit unusual symptoms after the surgery.
病人术后可能表现出异常症状。
▪ Each exhibit comes with a short description.
每件展品都配有简短说明。
▪ The lawyer marked the knife as exhibit A.
律师把那把刀列为甲物证。
习惯;习性;(修士的)法衣
early13c 古法 habit「(教会)法衣、举止」<拉丁 habitus「状态、举止、外貌、衣着」,habere「持有」的过去分词。
名 习惯;习性;(修士的)法衣
▪ Reading before bed is a good habit.
睡前阅读是个好习惯。
▪ It took her months to break the habit of smoking.
她花了好几个月才戒烟。
▪ The bear has the habit of searching for food at dawn.
这种熊习惯在黎明觅食。
▪ The nun wore a simple black habit.
那位修女身着朴素的黑色法衣。
居住于;栖息于;占据
14c 古法 inhabiter<拉丁 inhabitare「居住在里面」=in-(内)+habitare「居住」。
动 居住于;栖息于;占据
▪ Few animals inhabit the frozen desert.
几乎没有动物栖息在这片冰封的荒漠。
▪ The old building has been inhabited by artists for years.
多年来这座老房子一直住满了艺术家。
▪ Fish inhabit the deeper layers of the lake.
鱼类栖息在湖泊的深层水域。
▪ A quiet dignity inhabited every room of the house.
一种沉静的尊严弥漫在这座房子的每个房间。
抑制;阻止;妨碍
14c 拉丁 inhibitus(inhibere「持守在内、制止」的分词)=in-(内)+habere「持」。
动 抑制;阻止;妨碍
▪ Fear can inhibit creativity in children.
恐惧会抑制孩子的创造力。
▪ The drug inhibits the growth of the bacteria.
这种药物能抑制细菌生长。
▪ His shyness inhibited him from raising his hand.
羞怯使他不敢举手。
▪ High costs inhibit investment in the region.
高昂的成本抑制了对该地区的投资。
(正式/法律)禁止;阻止
early15c 拉丁 prohibitus(prohibere「持在前面、阻挡、防止」的分词)=pro-(在前)+habere「持」。
动 (正式/法律)禁止;阻止
▪ The law prohibits smoking in public buildings.
法律禁止在公共建筑物内吸烟。
▪ The contract prohibits the use of company data elsewhere.
合同禁止将公司数据用于别处。
▪ The rules prohibit visitors from touching the paintings.
规定禁止参观者触碰画作。
▪ Budget limits prohibit any further hiring this year.
预算限制使得今年无法再招人。
使能够;使成为可能;启用
15c en-(使…)+able(能力)→ 赋予能力。
动 使能够;使成为可能;启用
▪ The new ramp enables wheelchair access to the stage.
新坡道让轮椅可以进入舞台。
▪ Funding will enable the team to expand the research.
资金将使团队得以扩大研究规模。
▪ This software enables users to edit videos on a phone.
这款软件让用户能在手机上剪辑视频。
▪ Training enables workers to operate the machines safely.
培训使工人能够安全操作机器。
展览(会);展示;表现
14c 古法 exhibicion<拉丁 exhibitionem<exhibere「拿出、展示」=ex-(出)+habere「持」。
名 展览(会);展示;表现
▪ The photography exhibition runs until the end of March.
这场摄影展将持续到三月底。
▪ Her exhibition of watercolors drew large crowds.
她的水彩画展吸引了大批观众。
▪ The event was an exhibition of local craft skills.
这场活动是本地工艺技能的一次展示。
▪ He opened the exhibition with a short speech.
他以简短的讲话为展览揭幕。
(动植物的)栖息地;产地
1762 拉丁 habitat「它居住」(habitare 的第三人称单数现在时),用于动植物产地名录。
名 (动植物的)栖息地;产地
▪ The forest is the natural habitat of the tiger.
这片森林是老虎的自然栖息地。
▪ Pollution has destroyed much of the reef habitat.
污染破坏了大片珊瑚礁栖息地。
▪ Conservationists are protecting the wetland habitat.
环保人士正在保护这片湿地栖息地。
▪ The animal rarely leaves its forest habitat.
这种动物很少离开它的森林栖息地。
居民;栖息动物
15c 古法 inhabitant<拉丁 inhabitantem(inhabitare「住入」的现在分词)。
名 居民;栖息动物
▪ The town has only five hundred permanent inhabitants.
这个小镇只有五百名常住居民。
▪ The oldest inhabitant remembers the old railway.
最年长的居民还记得那条旧铁路。
▪ Bats are the main inhabitants of the cave.
蝙蝠是这个洞穴的主要栖息动物。
▪ Each inhabitant received a copy of the report.
每位居民都收到了一份报告。
被禁止的;违禁的
15c prohibit(禁止)的过去分词作形容词。
a. 被禁止的;违禁的
▪ Food and drinks are prohibited inside the library.
图书馆内禁止饮食。
▪ The use of mobile phones is prohibited during the exam.
考试期间禁止使用手机。
▪ He was fined for entering a prohibited area.
他因进入禁区而被罚款。
▪ The list of prohibited goods is posted at the gate.
违禁物品清单张贴在大门口。
禁止;禁令;(大写)禁酒令时期
14c 古法 prohibition<拉丁 prohibitionem<prohibere「挡在前面、阻止」=pro-(前)+habere「持」。
名 禁止;禁令;(大写)禁酒令时期
▪ The prohibition on fishing protects the fish population.
禁渔令保护了鱼类资源。
▪ The city passed a prohibition on plastic bags.
该市通过了一项塑料袋禁令。
▪ prohibition in the United States lasted from 1920 to 1933.
美国的禁酒令从1920年持续到1933年。
▪ They ignored the prohibition and lit a fire.
他们无视禁令,生了火。
使康复;改造(罪犯);恢复名誉;修复
1570s 中世纪拉丁 rehabilitare「恢复资格」=re-(再)+habilitare「使 fit」<habilis「灵巧、合格」。
动 使康复;改造(罪犯);恢复名誉;修复
▪ The therapy helped rehabilitate the injured athlete.
康复治疗帮助受伤的运动员恢复了状态。
▪ The program aims to rehabilitate former prisoners.
该项目旨在帮助刑满人员重新融入社会。
▪ They plan to rehabilitate the old theater into a cinema.
他们计划把老剧院修复成一座电影院。
▪ New evidence helped rehabilitate his reputation.
新证据帮助恢复了他的名誉。
不能的;无法的;无能为力的
14c un-(不)+able(能够);古法 (h)able。
a. 不能的;无法的;无能为力的
▪ She was unable to attend the meeting due to illness.
她因病无法参加会议。
▪ The old bridge is unable to carry heavy trucks.
这座旧桥无法承受重型卡车。
▪ He seemed unable to explain what had happened.
他似乎无法解释发生了什么。
▪ They were unable to reach the summit in the storm.
暴风雨中他们没能登顶。
同居;共同生活(尤指未婚)
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 同居;共同生活(尤指未婚)
▪ The cohabit is widely used in this kind of work.
同居在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the cohabit in a safe place after use.
用后请把同居放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the cohabit to the entrance of the building.
团队把同居搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable cohabit at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的同居。
同居;共同生活
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 同居;共同生活
▪ The whole cohabitation took several hours to complete.
整个同居过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper cohabitation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的同居至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of cohabitation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了同居的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the cohabitation.
经理就同居写了一份清晰的报告。
可居住的;适于居住的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 可居住的;适于居住的
▪ The new rule will be habitable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可居住的。
▪ They considered the plan habitable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可居住的。
▪ The manager gave a habitable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可居住的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be habitable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可居住的的。
居住;住所;聚居地
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 居住;住所;聚居地
▪ The whole habitation took several hours to complete.
整个居住过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper habitation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的居住至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of habitation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了居住的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the habitation.
经理就居住写了一份清晰的报告。
习惯的;惯常的;积习的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 习惯的;惯常的;积习的
▪ The new rule will be habitual for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是习惯的。
▪ They considered the plan habitual after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是习惯的。
▪ The manager gave a habitual answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个习惯的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be habitual before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是习惯的的。
习惯地;通常
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
副 习惯地;通常
▪ The team habitually finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前习惯地完成了任务。
▪ She habitually checked the results and then signed the form.
她习惯地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were habitually changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被习惯地修改了。
▪ He spoke habitually so that everyone could understand.
他习惯地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
使习惯于;使熟悉
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
动 使习惯于;使熟悉
▪ The manager decided to habituate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使习惯于这个问题。
▪ She will habituate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使习惯于这项任务。
▪ They need to habituate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使习惯于这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to habituate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使习惯于了计划。
可居住的;适于居住的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 可居住的;适于居住的
▪ The new rule will be inhabitable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可居住的。
▪ They considered the plan inhabitable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可居住的。
▪ The manager gave a inhabitable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可居住的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be inhabitable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可居住的的。
有人居住的;有生物栖息的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 有人居住的;有生物栖息的
▪ The new rule will be inhabited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有人居住的。
▪ They considered the plan inhabited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有人居住的。
▪ The manager gave a inhabited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有人居住的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be inhabited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有人居住的的。
无人居住的;荒无人烟的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 无人居住的;荒无人烟的
▪ The new rule will be uninhabited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是无人居住的。
▪ They considered the plan uninhabited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是无人居住的。
▪ The manager gave a uninhabited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个无人居住的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be uninhabited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是无人居住的的。
爱出风头者;暴露癖者
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 爱出风头者;暴露癖者
▪ The exhibitionist arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位爱出风头者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained exhibitionist knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的爱出风头者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced exhibitionist for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的爱出风头者。
▪ The exhibitionist answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,爱出风头者回答了记者的提问。
参展者;展出商;放映方
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 参展者;展出商;放映方
▪ The exhibitor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位参展者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained exhibitor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的参展者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced exhibitor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的参展者。
▪ The exhibitor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,参展者回答了记者的提问。
拘谨的;受压抑的;克制的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 拘谨的;受压抑的;克制的
▪ The new rule will be inhibited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是拘谨的。
▪ They considered the plan inhibited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是拘谨的。
▪ The manager gave a inhibited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个拘谨的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be inhibited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是拘谨的的。
抑制;顾忌;压抑;(化)抑制作用
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 抑制;顾忌;压抑;(化)抑制作用
▪ The whole inhibition took several hours to complete.
整个抑制过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper inhibition is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的抑制至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of inhibition with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了抑制的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the inhibition.
经理就抑制写了一份清晰的报告。
(价格)高得令人却步的;禁止性的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 (价格)高得令人却步的;禁止性的
▪ The new rule will be prohibitive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是高得令人却步的。
▪ They considered the plan prohibitive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是高得令人却步的。
▪ The manager gave a prohibitive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个高得令人却步的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be prohibitive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是高得令人却步的的。
(价格/难度)令人却步地
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
副 (价格/难度)令人却步地
▪ The team prohibitively finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前令人却步地完成了任务。
▪ She prohibitively checked the results and then signed the form.
她令人却步地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were prohibitively changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被令人却步地修改了。
▪ He spoke prohibitively so that everyone could understand.
他令人却步地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
不受拘束的;放纵的;尽情的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 不受拘束的;放纵的;尽情的
▪ The new rule will be uninhibited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不受拘束的。
▪ They considered the plan uninhibited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不受拘束的。
▪ The manager gave a uninhibited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不受拘束的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be uninhibited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不受拘束的的。
残疾;缺陷;无能力;(法律)无资格
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 残疾;缺陷;无能力;(法律)无资格
▪ The whole disability took several hours to complete.
整个残疾过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper disability is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的残疾至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of disability with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了残疾的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the disability.
经理就残疾写了一份清晰的报告。
使丧失能力;使伤残;使失效
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 使丧失能力;使伤残;使失效
▪ The new rule will be disable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是使丧失能力。
▪ They considered the plan disable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是使丧失能力。
▪ The manager gave a disable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个使丧失能力的答复。
▪ Every solution must be disable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是使丧失能力的。
无能;无力;不能
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 无能;无力;不能
▪ The whole inability took several hours to complete.
整个无能过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper inability is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的无能至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of inability with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了无能的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the inability.
经理就无能写了一份清晰的报告。
康复;恢复(名誉/地位);修复
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 康复;恢复(名誉/地位);修复
▪ The whole rehabilitation took several hours to complete.
整个康复过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper rehabilitation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的康复至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of rehabilitation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了康复的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the rehabilitation.
经理就康复写了一份清晰的报告。
ate
使虚弱,削弱,阻碍
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:de + ate
动 使虚弱,削弱,阻碍
▪ The manager decided to debilitate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使虚弱这个问题。
▪ She will debilitate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使虚弱这项任务。
▪ They need to debilitate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使虚弱这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to debilitate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使虚弱了计划。
ed
残废的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:disabl + ed
形 残废的
▪ The new rule will be disabled for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是残废的。
▪ They considered the plan disabled after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是残废的。
▪ The manager gave a disabled answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个残废的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be disabled before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是残废的的。
b
t
怀疑;疑惑v.怀疑,疑惑,不能肯定
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:dou + b + t
名 怀疑;疑惑v.怀疑,疑惑,不能肯定
▪ The doubt is widely used in this kind of work.
怀疑在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the doubt in a safe place after use.
用后请把怀疑放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the doubt to the entrance of the building.
团队把怀疑搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable doubt at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的怀疑。
ful
可疑的;令人生疑的;疑心的;不能确定的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:doubt + ful
形 可疑的;令人生疑的;疑心的;不能确定的
▪ The new rule will be doubtful for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可疑的。
▪ They considered the plan doubtful after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可疑的。
▪ The manager gave a doubtful answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可疑的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be doubtful before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可疑的的。
less
无疑地;确定地;大概,多半
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:doubt + less
副 无疑地;确定地;大概,多半
▪ The team doubtless finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前无疑地完成了任务。
▪ She doubtless checked the results and then signed the form.
她无疑地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were doubtless changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被无疑地修改了。
▪ He spoke doubtless so that everyone could understand.
他无疑地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
b
i
ety
可疑性,不确定性
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:du + b + i + ety
名 可疑性,不确定性
▪ The dubiety is widely used in this kind of work.
可疑性在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the dubiety in a safe place after use.
用后请把可疑性放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the dubiety to the entrance of the building.
团队把可疑性搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable dubiety at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的可疑性。
able
可疑的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:dubit + able
形 可疑的
▪ The new rule will be dubitable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可疑的。
▪ They considered the plan dubitable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可疑的。
▪ The manager gave a dubitable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可疑的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be dubitable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可疑的的。
ative
怀疑的,半信半疑的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:dubit + ative
形 怀疑的,半信半疑的
▪ The new rule will be dubitative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是怀疑的。
▪ They considered the plan dubitative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是怀疑的。
▪ The manager gave a dubitative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个怀疑的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be dubitative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是怀疑的的。
it
ate
使合适,使有资格,使有能力
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:habil + it + ate
动 使合适,使有资格,使有能力
▪ The manager decided to habilitate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使合适这个问题。
▪ She will habilitate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使合适这项任务。
▪ They need to habilitate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使合适这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to habilitate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使合适了计划。
it
ant
居民,居住者
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab + it + ant
名 居民,居住者
▪ The habitant is widely used in this kind of work.
居民在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the habitant in a safe place after use.
用后请把居民放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the habitant to the entrance of the building.
团队把居民搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable habitant at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的居民。
u
ation
熟习;习惯化;成瘾
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:habit + u + ation
名 熟习;习惯化;成瘾
▪ The habituation is widely used in this kind of work.
熟习在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the habituation in a safe place after use.
用后请把熟习放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the habituation to the entrance of the building.
团队把熟习搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable habituation at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的熟习。
居住;栖息
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
名 居住;栖息
▪ The inhabitation is widely used in this kind of work.
居住在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the inhabitation in a safe place after use.
用后请把居住放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the inhabitation to the entrance of the building.
团队把居住搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable inhabitation at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的居住。
抑制的;禁止的
拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit
形 抑制的;禁止的
▪ The new rule will be inhibitive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是抑制的。
▪ They considered the plan inhibitive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是抑制的。
▪ The manager gave a inhibitive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个抑制的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be inhibitive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是抑制的的。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
注意:have 与 hab-
have 是日耳曼本族词(*habjanan);habit、exhibit 是拉丁借词。二者形似而词源不同——have 与 habēre 在历史上曾被误以为同源。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *ghabh-(to hold, have)
│
├─ 拉丁 habeō · habēre · habuī · habitum(第二变位)
│ ├─ hab-:habit · habitat · inhabit · able · ability
│ └─ hibit-(复合):exhibit · exhibition · inhibit · prohibit · prohibition · rehabilitate
│
├─ 希腊:*ghabh- 无公认对应
└─ 日耳曼:英语 have(本族,不同根)
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 hab-/hibit- 同根,以第二变位与复合词干弱化为决定性证据。
三词干
hab-/habu-/habit- 同根;habit、exhibit 分别挂两词干。
habēre→exhibēre / 复合弱化
a→i 词干弱化。
15 词闭环
本页 15 词都由 hab-/hibit- 加 -it/-ility/-ate 或复合生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
高阶拉丁 · hibit-
hibit-
exhibit「展览」· prohibit「禁止」· inhibit「抑制」
N · 日耳曼 have(本族)
have
英语 have 语义对应 habēre,词源不同根
一屏速记 · 49 词
名 能力;才能;本领
构abil- / -ity
例She has the ability to solve complex
a. 能够的;有能力的;能干的
构able
例We are able to finish the project
动 展览;名 展示;名 展品;名 (法庭)证物
构ex- / hibit
例The museum will exhibit ancient Roman coins
名 习惯;习性;(修士的)法衣
构habit
例Reading before bed is a good habit
动 居住于;栖息于;占据
构in- / habit
例Few animals inhabit the frozen desert
动 抑制;阻止;妨碍
构in- / hibit
例Fear can inhibit creativity in children
动 (正式/法律)禁止;阻止
构pro- / hibit
例The law prohibits smoking in public buildings
动 使能够;使成为可能;启用
构en- / able
例The new ramp enables wheelchair access to
名 展览(会);展示;表现
构ex- / hibit / -ion
例The photography exhibition runs until the end
名 (动植物的)栖息地;产地
构habitat
例The forest is the natural habitat of
名 居民;栖息动物
构in- / habit / -ant
例The town has only five hundred permanent
a. 被禁止的;违禁的
构pro- / hibit / -ed
例Food and drinks are prohibited inside the
名 禁止;禁令;(大写)禁酒令时期
构pro- / hibit / -ion
例The prohibition on fishing protects the fish
动 使康复;改造(罪犯);恢复名誉;修复
构re- / habilit / -ate
例The therapy helped rehabilitate the injured athlete
a. 不能的;无法的;无能为力的
构un- / able
例She was unable to attend the meeting
名 同居;共同生活(尤指未婚)
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The cohabit is widely used in this kind of work.
名 同居;共同生活
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The whole cohabitation took several hours to complete.
形 可居住的;适于居住的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be habitable for everyone in the group.
名 居住;住所;聚居地
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The whole habitation took several hours to complete.
形 习惯的;惯常的;积习的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be habitual for everyone in the group.
副 习惯地;通常
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The team habitually finished the task before the deadline.
动 使习惯于;使熟悉
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The manager decided to habituate the problem before the meeting.
形 可居住的;适于居住的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be inhabitable for everyone in the group.
形 有人居住的;有生物栖息的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be inhabited for everyone in the group.
形 无人居住的;荒无人烟的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be uninhabited for everyone in the group.
名 爱出风头者;暴露癖者
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The exhibitionist arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 参展者;展出商;放映方
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The exhibitor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 拘谨的;受压抑的;克制的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be inhibited for everyone in the group.
名 抑制;顾忌;压抑;(化)抑制作用
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The whole inhibition took several hours to complete.
形 (价格)高得令人却步的;禁止性的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be prohibitive for everyone in the group.
副 (价格/难度)令人却步地
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The team prohibitively finished the task before the deadline.
形 不受拘束的;放纵的;尽情的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be uninhibited for everyone in the group.
名 残疾;缺陷;无能力;(法律)无资格
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The whole disability took several hours to complete.
形 使丧失能力;使伤残;使失效
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be disable for everyone in the group.
名 无能;无力;不能
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The whole inability took several hours to complete.
名 康复;恢复(名誉/地位);修复
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The whole rehabilitation took several hours to complete.
动 使虚弱,削弱,阻碍
源de + ate
构de + ate
例The manager decided to debilitate the problem before the meeting.
形 残废的
源disabl + ed
构disabl + ed
例The new rule will be disabled for everyone in the group.
名 怀疑;疑惑v.怀疑,疑惑,不能肯定
源dou + b + t
构dou + b + t
例The doubt is widely used in this kind of work.
形 可疑的;令人生疑的;疑心的;不能确定的
源doubt + ful
构doubt + ful
例The new rule will be doubtful for everyone in the group.
副 无疑地;确定地;大概,多半
源doubt + less
构doubt + less
例The team doubtless finished the task before the deadline.
名 可疑性,不确定性
源du + b + i + ety
构du + b + i + ety
例The dubiety is widely used in this kind of work.
形 可疑的
源dubit + able
构dubit + able
例The new rule will be dubitable for everyone in the group.
形 怀疑的,半信半疑的
源dubit + ative
构dubit + ative
例The new rule will be dubitative for everyone in the group.
动 使合适,使有资格,使有能力
源habil + it + ate
构habil + it + ate
例The manager decided to habilitate the problem before the meeting.
名 居民,居住者
源hab + it + ant
构hab + it + ant
例The habitant is widely used in this kind of work.
名 熟习;习惯化;成瘾
源habit + u + ation
构habit + u + ation
例The habituation is widely used in this kind of work.
名 居住;栖息
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The inhabitation is widely used in this kind of work.
形 抑制的;禁止的
源hab/hibit
构hab/hibit
例The new rule will be inhibitive for everyone in the group.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
hab/hibit 在三条线上的同根字根(点击可跳转)。
G 篇待补
N 篇待补 · have(本族,不同根)

