拉丁字根 L040・hibit

LATIN ROOT · L040 · 拉丁字根

hab / hibit持有 · 居住 · 具有

PIE root *ghabh-(拉丁 habēre) 「to hold, have」

语源:拉丁借词(habēre,多经古法语)
拉丁第二变位:habeō · habēre · habuī · habitum
共时词族:15 词

同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES

印欧「持有」在拉丁作 habēre;英语 habit/exhibit 是后世借词。

L · LATIN 拉丁(本根)

*ghabh- → Latin habēre「to have, hold」

hab- / hibit-

habit · habitat · inhabit · exhibit · inhibit · prohibit · ability · able(详见本页)

G · GREEK 希腊

*ghabh- 在希腊支无公认对应

—G 篇待补

无希腊同源借词

N · GERMANIC 日耳曼

英语本族 have(日耳曼)与 habēre 不同根

haveN 篇待补

英语 have 是本族,非 habēre 同族

复合词干弱化:habēre 在复合中作 -hibēre(exhibēre/inhibēre/prohibēre);英语 exhibit/inhibit/prohibit 挂在 hibit-。

词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB

habeō 是第二变位动词;英语词挂在现在词干 hab- 与复合词干 hibit- 上。

PRESENT 现在词干

hab-

habēre/habeō|第二变位

habit(habitus)· habitat · inhabit · able(habilis)

PERFECT 完成词干

habu-

habuī|-u- 完成

拉丁完成时 habuī「我持有了」(现代英语不直接借此词干)

PARTICIPLE 分词词干

habit-

habitum/habitūs|完成分词

exhibit(exhibēre)· inhibit · prohibit · rehabilitate

音变小注 SOUND CHANGES

从拉丁 habēre 到现代英语各词,四次形态—语音调整。

①完成分词 -bit-

habēre→habitum:habit、habitat。

②复合 ex-/in-/pro-

ex-+habēre→exhibēre、in-+habēre→inhibēre、prō-+habēre→prohibēre。

③古法 -bilis→-ble

habilis→古法 hable→able;habilitās→ability。

④-itāre→-itate

habilitāre→rehabilitate。

形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY

habeō 是第二变位动词,-u- 完成 habuī 与分词 habitum 为英语常用词干。

现在 1sg

habeō

我持有

现在不定式

habēre

to have

完成 1sg

habuī

我持有了(-u-)

目的分词

habitum

to have(分词词干)

现在时变位 · 第二变位

人称 主动 被动 词结构
1 sg habeō habeor habe-ō
2 sg habēs habēris habe-s
3 sg habet habētur habe-t
1 pl habēmus habēmur habē-mus
2 pl habētis habēminī habē-tis
3 pl habent habentur habe-nt

入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语

英语词 拉丁 古法语 入英年代
habit habitus habite 13 世纪
able habilis hable 14 世纪
exhibit exhibēre — 15 世纪
prohibit prohibēre — 15 世纪

三个关键事实:① habit=habitus「所持/状态」→习惯/长袍;② able=habilis「可持的→能干的」;③ prohibit=prō-「在前」+habēre「持」=在前挡住→禁止。

-it拉丁 -itus(分词):habit · exhibit · prohibit
-ility拉丁 -ilitās:ability
-ate拉丁 -are:rehabilitate
-ion拉丁 -tiō:exhibition · prohibition

语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP

habēre 的核心是「持有」,由「持有」向「习惯、居住、展览、禁止、能力」引申。

持有

habēre

→

状态

habitus

→

habit

habitat
居住于

in-+habēre

→

inhabit

inhabitant
拿出

ex-+habēre

→

exhibit

exhibition
在前挡

prō-+habēre

→

prohibit

prohibition · ability
习语:habit「习惯」· able「能够的」· ability「能力」· exhibit「展览/展品」· prohibit「禁止」· inhabit「居住」。
ability/əˈbɪləti/A
abil- / -ity

能力;才能;本领

late14c 古法 ableté<拉丁 habilitatem(habilitas)<habilis「易持、灵巧」;h 未能恢复。

名 能力;才能;本领

▪ She has the ability to solve complex problems quickly.
她有迅速解决复杂问题的能力。

▪ The test measures reading ability, not memory.
这项测试考查的是阅读能力,而非记忆力。

▪ His ability to listen makes him a good leader.
他善于倾听,这使他成为一位好领导。

▪ They doubted his ability to finish on time.
他们怀疑他能否按时完成。

able/ˈeɪbl/S 核心
able

能够的;有能力的;能干的

early14c 古法 (h)able「能干、合适、敏捷」<拉丁 habilem/habilis「易操作的、灵巧的」,habere「持」的动词形容词。

a. 能够的;有能力的;能干的

▪ We are able to finish the project by Friday.
我们能够在周五前完成这个项目。

▪ She is an able engineer with ten years of experience.
她是一位有十年经验的能干工程师。

▪ The rescue team was able to reach the camp before dark.
救援队赶在天黑前抵达了营地。

▪ He is able to work independently under pressure.
他能在压力下独立工作。

exhibit/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/B
ex- / hibit

展览;展示;展品;(法庭)证物

mid-15c 拉丁 exhibitus(exhibere「持出、展示」的分词)=ex-(出)+habere「持」;名词 1620s 法庭证物。

动 展览 名 展示 名 展品 名 (法庭)证物

▪ The museum will exhibit ancient Roman coins next month.
博物馆下月将展出古罗马钱币。

▪ Patients may exhibit unusual symptoms after the surgery.
病人术后可能表现出异常症状。

▪ Each exhibit comes with a short description.
每件展品都配有简短说明。

▪ The lawyer marked the knife as exhibit A.
律师把那把刀列为甲物证。

habit/ˈhæbɪt/A
habit

习惯;习性;(修士的)法衣

early13c 古法 habit「(教会)法衣、举止」<拉丁 habitus「状态、举止、外貌、衣着」,habere「持有」的过去分词。

名 习惯;习性;(修士的)法衣

▪ Reading before bed is a good habit.
睡前阅读是个好习惯。

▪ It took her months to break the habit of smoking.
她花了好几个月才戒烟。

▪ The bear has the habit of searching for food at dawn.
这种熊习惯在黎明觅食。

▪ The nun wore a simple black habit.
那位修女身着朴素的黑色法衣。

inhabit/ɪnˈhæbɪt/B
in- / habit

居住于;栖息于;占据

14c 古法 inhabiter<拉丁 inhabitare「居住在里面」=in-(内)+habitare「居住」。

动 居住于;栖息于;占据

▪ Few animals inhabit the frozen desert.
几乎没有动物栖息在这片冰封的荒漠。

▪ The old building has been inhabited by artists for years.
多年来这座老房子一直住满了艺术家。

▪ Fish inhabit the deeper layers of the lake.
鱼类栖息在湖泊的深层水域。

▪ A quiet dignity inhabited every room of the house.
一种沉静的尊严弥漫在这座房子的每个房间。

inhibit/ɪnˈhɪbɪt/A
in- / hibit

抑制;阻止;妨碍

14c 拉丁 inhibitus(inhibere「持守在内、制止」的分词)=in-(内)+habere「持」。

动 抑制;阻止;妨碍

▪ Fear can inhibit creativity in children.
恐惧会抑制孩子的创造力。

▪ The drug inhibits the growth of the bacteria.
这种药物能抑制细菌生长。

▪ His shyness inhibited him from raising his hand.
羞怯使他不敢举手。

▪ High costs inhibit investment in the region.
高昂的成本抑制了对该地区的投资。

prohibit/proʊˈhɪbɪt/B
pro- / hibit

(正式/法律)禁止;阻止

early15c 拉丁 prohibitus(prohibere「持在前面、阻挡、防止」的分词)=pro-(在前)+habere「持」。

动 (正式/法律)禁止;阻止

▪ The law prohibits smoking in public buildings.
法律禁止在公共建筑物内吸烟。

▪ The contract prohibits the use of company data elsewhere.
合同禁止将公司数据用于别处。

▪ The rules prohibit visitors from touching the paintings.
规定禁止参观者触碰画作。

▪ Budget limits prohibit any further hiring this year.
预算限制使得今年无法再招人。

enable/ɪˈneɪbl/A
en- / able

使能够;使成为可能;启用

15c en-(使…)+able(能力)→ 赋予能力。

动 使能够;使成为可能;启用

▪ The new ramp enables wheelchair access to the stage.
新坡道让轮椅可以进入舞台。

▪ Funding will enable the team to expand the research.
资金将使团队得以扩大研究规模。

▪ This software enables users to edit videos on a phone.
这款软件让用户能在手机上剪辑视频。

▪ Training enables workers to operate the machines safely.
培训使工人能够安全操作机器。

exhibition/ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/A
ex- / hibit / -ion

展览(会);展示;表现

14c 古法 exhibicion<拉丁 exhibitionem<exhibere「拿出、展示」=ex-(出)+habere「持」。

名 展览(会);展示;表现

▪ The photography exhibition runs until the end of March.
这场摄影展将持续到三月底。

▪ Her exhibition of watercolors drew large crowds.
她的水彩画展吸引了大批观众。

▪ The event was an exhibition of local craft skills.
这场活动是本地工艺技能的一次展示。

▪ He opened the exhibition with a short speech.
他以简短的讲话为展览揭幕。

habitat/ˈhæbɪtæt/A
habitat

(动植物的)栖息地;产地

1762 拉丁 habitat「它居住」(habitare 的第三人称单数现在时),用于动植物产地名录。

名 (动植物的)栖息地;产地

▪ The forest is the natural habitat of the tiger.
这片森林是老虎的自然栖息地。

▪ Pollution has destroyed much of the reef habitat.
污染破坏了大片珊瑚礁栖息地。

▪ Conservationists are protecting the wetland habitat.
环保人士正在保护这片湿地栖息地。

▪ The animal rarely leaves its forest habitat.
这种动物很少离开它的森林栖息地。

inhabitant/ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/A
in- / habit / -ant

居民;栖息动物

15c 古法 inhabitant<拉丁 inhabitantem(inhabitare「住入」的现在分词)。

名 居民;栖息动物

▪ The town has only five hundred permanent inhabitants.
这个小镇只有五百名常住居民。

▪ The oldest inhabitant remembers the old railway.
最年长的居民还记得那条旧铁路。

▪ Bats are the main inhabitants of the cave.
蝙蝠是这个洞穴的主要栖息动物。

▪ Each inhabitant received a copy of the report.
每位居民都收到了一份报告。

prohibited/proʊˈhɪbɪtɪd/A
pro- / hibit / -ed

被禁止的;违禁的

15c prohibit(禁止)的过去分词作形容词。

a. 被禁止的;违禁的

▪ Food and drinks are prohibited inside the library.
图书馆内禁止饮食。

▪ The use of mobile phones is prohibited during the exam.
考试期间禁止使用手机。

▪ He was fined for entering a prohibited area.
他因进入禁区而被罚款。

▪ The list of prohibited goods is posted at the gate.
违禁物品清单张贴在大门口。

prohibition/ˌproʊəˈbɪʃn/A
pro- / hibit / -ion

禁止;禁令;(大写)禁酒令时期

14c 古法 prohibition<拉丁 prohibitionem<prohibere「挡在前面、阻止」=pro-(前)+habere「持」。

名 禁止;禁令;(大写)禁酒令时期

▪ The prohibition on fishing protects the fish population.
禁渔令保护了鱼类资源。

▪ The city passed a prohibition on plastic bags.
该市通过了一项塑料袋禁令。

▪ prohibition in the United States lasted from 1920 to 1933.
美国的禁酒令从1920年持续到1933年。

▪ They ignored the prohibition and lit a fire.
他们无视禁令,生了火。

rehabilitate/ˌriːhəˈbɪlɪteɪt/A
re- / habilit / -ate

使康复;改造(罪犯);恢复名誉;修复

1570s 中世纪拉丁 rehabilitare「恢复资格」=re-(再)+habilitare「使 fit」<habilis「灵巧、合格」。

动 使康复;改造(罪犯);恢复名誉;修复

▪ The therapy helped rehabilitate the injured athlete.
康复治疗帮助受伤的运动员恢复了状态。

▪ The program aims to rehabilitate former prisoners.
该项目旨在帮助刑满人员重新融入社会。

▪ They plan to rehabilitate the old theater into a cinema.
他们计划把老剧院修复成一座电影院。

▪ New evidence helped rehabilitate his reputation.
新证据帮助恢复了他的名誉。

unable/ʌnˈeɪbl/A
un- / able

不能的;无法的;无能为力的

14c un-(不)+able(能够);古法 (h)able。

a. 不能的;无法的;无能为力的

▪ She was unable to attend the meeting due to illness.
她因病无法参加会议。

▪ The old bridge is unable to carry heavy trucks.
这座旧桥无法承受重型卡车。

▪ He seemed unable to explain what had happened.
他似乎无法解释发生了什么。

▪ They were unable to reach the summit in the storm.
暴风雨中他们没能登顶。

cohabit/koʊˈhæbɪt/B
hab/hibit

同居;共同生活(尤指未婚)

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 同居;共同生活(尤指未婚)

▪ The cohabit is widely used in this kind of work.
同居在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the cohabit in a safe place after use.
用后请把同居放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the cohabit to the entrance of the building.
团队把同居搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable cohabit at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的同居。

cohabitation/koʊˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn/B
hab/hibit

同居;共同生活

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 同居;共同生活

▪ The whole cohabitation took several hours to complete.
整个同居过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper cohabitation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的同居至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of cohabitation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了同居的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the cohabitation.
经理就同居写了一份清晰的报告。

habitable/ˈhæbɪtəbl/B
hab/hibit

可居住的;适于居住的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 可居住的;适于居住的

▪ The new rule will be habitable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可居住的。

▪ They considered the plan habitable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可居住的。

▪ The manager gave a habitable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可居住的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be habitable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可居住的的。

habitation/ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn/B
hab/hibit

居住;住所;聚居地

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 居住;住所;聚居地

▪ The whole habitation took several hours to complete.
整个居住过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper habitation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的居住至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of habitation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了居住的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the habitation.
经理就居住写了一份清晰的报告。

habitual/həˈbɪtʃuəl/B
hab/hibit

习惯的;惯常的;积习的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 习惯的;惯常的;积习的

▪ The new rule will be habitual for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是习惯的。

▪ They considered the plan habitual after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是习惯的。

▪ The manager gave a habitual answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个习惯的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be habitual before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是习惯的的。

habitually/həˈbɪtʃuəli/C
hab/hibit

习惯地;通常

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

副 习惯地;通常

▪ The team habitually finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前习惯地完成了任务。

▪ She habitually checked the results and then signed the form.
她习惯地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were habitually changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被习惯地修改了。

▪ He spoke habitually so that everyone could understand.
他习惯地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

habituate/həˈbɪtʃueɪt/B
hab/hibit

使习惯于;使熟悉

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

动 使习惯于;使熟悉

▪ The manager decided to habituate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使习惯于这个问题。

▪ She will habituate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使习惯于这项任务。

▪ They need to habituate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使习惯于这些材料。

▪ Nobody expected him to habituate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使习惯于了计划。

inhabitable/ɪnˈhæbɪtəbl/C
hab/hibit

可居住的;适于居住的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 可居住的;适于居住的

▪ The new rule will be inhabitable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可居住的。

▪ They considered the plan inhabitable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可居住的。

▪ The manager gave a inhabitable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可居住的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be inhabitable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可居住的的。

inhabited/ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/C
hab/hibit

有人居住的;有生物栖息的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 有人居住的;有生物栖息的

▪ The new rule will be inhabited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有人居住的。

▪ They considered the plan inhabited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有人居住的。

▪ The manager gave a inhabited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有人居住的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be inhabited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有人居住的的。

uninhabited/ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/C
hab/hibit

无人居住的;荒无人烟的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 无人居住的;荒无人烟的

▪ The new rule will be uninhabited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是无人居住的。

▪ They considered the plan uninhabited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是无人居住的。

▪ The manager gave a uninhabited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个无人居住的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be uninhabited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是无人居住的的。

exhibitionist/ˌeksɪˈbɪʃənɪst/C
hab/hibit

爱出风头者;暴露癖者

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 爱出风头者;暴露癖者

▪ The exhibitionist arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位爱出风头者比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained exhibitionist knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的爱出风头者知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced exhibitionist for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的爱出风头者。

▪ The exhibitionist answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,爱出风头者回答了记者的提问。

exhibitor/ɪɡˈzɪbɪtər/C
hab/hibit

参展者;展出商;放映方

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 参展者;展出商;放映方

▪ The exhibitor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位参展者比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained exhibitor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的参展者知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced exhibitor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的参展者。

▪ The exhibitor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,参展者回答了记者的提问。

inhibited/ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/C
hab/hibit

拘谨的;受压抑的;克制的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 拘谨的;受压抑的;克制的

▪ The new rule will be inhibited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是拘谨的。

▪ They considered the plan inhibited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是拘谨的。

▪ The manager gave a inhibited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个拘谨的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be inhibited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是拘谨的的。

inhibition/ˌɪnhɪˈbɪʃn/B
hab/hibit

抑制;顾忌;压抑;(化)抑制作用

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 抑制;顾忌;压抑;(化)抑制作用

▪ The whole inhibition took several hours to complete.
整个抑制过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper inhibition is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的抑制至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of inhibition with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了抑制的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the inhibition.
经理就抑制写了一份清晰的报告。

prohibitive/proʊˈhɪbətɪv/B
hab/hibit

(价格)高得令人却步的;禁止性的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 (价格)高得令人却步的;禁止性的

▪ The new rule will be prohibitive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是高得令人却步的。

▪ They considered the plan prohibitive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是高得令人却步的。

▪ The manager gave a prohibitive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个高得令人却步的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be prohibitive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是高得令人却步的的。

prohibitively/proʊˈhɪbətɪvli/C
hab/hibit

(价格/难度)令人却步地

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

副 (价格/难度)令人却步地

▪ The team prohibitively finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前令人却步地完成了任务。

▪ She prohibitively checked the results and then signed the form.
她令人却步地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were prohibitively changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被令人却步地修改了。

▪ He spoke prohibitively so that everyone could understand.
他令人却步地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

uninhibited/ˌʌnɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/C
hab/hibit

不受拘束的;放纵的;尽情的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 不受拘束的;放纵的;尽情的

▪ The new rule will be uninhibited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不受拘束的。

▪ They considered the plan uninhibited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不受拘束的。

▪ The manager gave a uninhibited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不受拘束的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be uninhibited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不受拘束的的。

disability/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/A
hab/hibit

残疾;缺陷;无能力;(法律)无资格

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 残疾;缺陷;无能力;(法律)无资格

▪ The whole disability took several hours to complete.
整个残疾过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper disability is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的残疾至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of disability with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了残疾的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the disability.
经理就残疾写了一份清晰的报告。

disable/dɪsˈeɪbl/B
hab/hibit

使丧失能力;使伤残;使失效

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 使丧失能力;使伤残;使失效

▪ The new rule will be disable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是使丧失能力。

▪ They considered the plan disable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是使丧失能力。

▪ The manager gave a disable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个使丧失能力的答复。

▪ Every solution must be disable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是使丧失能力的。

inability/ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/A
hab/hibit

无能;无力;不能

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 无能;无力;不能

▪ The whole inability took several hours to complete.
整个无能过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper inability is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的无能至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of inability with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了无能的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the inability.
经理就无能写了一份清晰的报告。

rehabilitation/ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn/A
hab/hibit

康复;恢复(名誉/地位);修复

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 康复;恢复(名誉/地位);修复

▪ The whole rehabilitation took several hours to complete.
整个康复过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper rehabilitation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的康复至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of rehabilitation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了康复的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the rehabilitation.
经理就康复写了一份清晰的报告。

debilitatedɪˈbɪlɪteɪtB
de
ate

使虚弱,削弱,阻碍

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:de + ate

动 使虚弱,削弱,阻碍

▪ The manager decided to debilitate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使虚弱这个问题。

▪ She will debilitate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使虚弱这项任务。

▪ They need to debilitate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使虚弱这些材料。

▪ Nobody expected him to debilitate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使虚弱了计划。

disableddɪsˈeɪbldA
disabl
ed

残废的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:disabl + ed

形 残废的

▪ The new rule will be disabled for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是残废的。

▪ They considered the plan disabled after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是残废的。

▪ The manager gave a disabled answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个残废的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be disabled before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是残废的的。

doubtdaʊtS 核心
dou
b
t

怀疑;疑惑v.怀疑,疑惑,不能肯定

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:dou + b + t

名 怀疑;疑惑v.怀疑,疑惑,不能肯定

▪ The doubt is widely used in this kind of work.
怀疑在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the doubt in a safe place after use.
用后请把怀疑放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the doubt to the entrance of the building.
团队把怀疑搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable doubt at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的怀疑。

doubtfuldaʊtfəlB
doubt
ful

可疑的;令人生疑的;疑心的;不能确定的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:doubt + ful

形 可疑的;令人生疑的;疑心的;不能确定的

▪ The new rule will be doubtful for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可疑的。

▪ They considered the plan doubtful after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可疑的。

▪ The manager gave a doubtful answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可疑的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be doubtful before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可疑的的。

doubtlessdaʊtləsB
doubt
less

无疑地;确定地;大概,多半

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:doubt + less

副 无疑地;确定地;大概,多半

▪ The team doubtless finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前无疑地完成了任务。

▪ She doubtless checked the results and then signed the form.
她无疑地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were doubtless changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被无疑地修改了。

▪ He spoke doubtless so that everyone could understand.
他无疑地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

dubietyˌdjuːˈbaɪətiB
du
b
i
ety

可疑性,不确定性

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:du + b + i + ety

名 可疑性,不确定性

▪ The dubiety is widely used in this kind of work.
可疑性在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the dubiety in a safe place after use.
用后请把可疑性放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the dubiety to the entrance of the building.
团队把可疑性搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable dubiety at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的可疑性。

dubitableˈdjuːbɪtəb(ə)lB
dubit
able

可疑的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:dubit + able

形 可疑的

▪ The new rule will be dubitable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可疑的。

▪ They considered the plan dubitable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可疑的。

▪ The manager gave a dubitable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可疑的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be dubitable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可疑的的。

dubitativeˈdjuːbɪtətɪvB
dubit
ative

怀疑的,半信半疑的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:dubit + ative

形 怀疑的,半信半疑的

▪ The new rule will be dubitative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是怀疑的。

▪ They considered the plan dubitative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是怀疑的。

▪ The manager gave a dubitative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个怀疑的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be dubitative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是怀疑的的。

habilitatehəˈbɪlɪteɪtB
habil
it
ate

使合适,使有资格,使有能力

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:habil + it + ate

动 使合适,使有资格,使有能力

▪ The manager decided to habilitate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使合适这个问题。

▪ She will habilitate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使合适这项任务。

▪ They need to habilitate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使合适这些材料。

▪ Nobody expected him to habilitate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使合适了计划。

habitanthæbitəntB
hab
it
ant

居民,居住者

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab + it + ant

名 居民,居住者

▪ The habitant is widely used in this kind of work.
居民在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the habitant in a safe place after use.
用后请把居民放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the habitant to the entrance of the building.
团队把居民搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable habitant at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的居民。

habituationhəbɪtjʊˈeɪʃənB
habit
u
ation

熟习;习惯化;成瘾

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:habit + u + ation

名 熟习;习惯化;成瘾

▪ The habituation is widely used in this kind of work.
熟习在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the habituation in a safe place after use.
用后请把熟习放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the habituation to the entrance of the building.
团队把熟习搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable habituation at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的熟习。

inhabitation/ɪnˌhæbɪˈteɪʃən/B
hab/hibit

居住;栖息

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

名 居住;栖息

▪ The inhabitation is widely used in this kind of work.
居住在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the inhabitation in a safe place after use.
用后请把居住放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the inhabitation to the entrance of the building.
团队把居住搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable inhabitation at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的居住。

inhibitive/ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪv/B
hab/hibit

抑制的;禁止的

拉丁词根 hab/hibit 派生:hab/hibit

形 抑制的;禁止的

▪ The new rule will be inhibitive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是抑制的。

▪ They considered the plan inhibitive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是抑制的。

▪ The manager gave a inhibitive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个抑制的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be inhibitive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是抑制的的。

考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS

注意:have 与 hab-

have 是日耳曼本族词(*habjanan);habit、exhibit 是拉丁借词。二者形似而词源不同——have 与 habēre 在历史上曾被误以为同源。

词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE

PIE *ghabh-(to hold, have)
│
├─ 拉丁 habeō · habēre · habuī · habitum(第二变位)
│  ├─ hab-:habit · habitat · inhabit · able · ability
│  └─ hibit-(复合):exhibit · exhibition · inhibit · prohibit · prohibition · rehabilitate
│
├─ 希腊:*ghabh- 无公认对应
└─ 日耳曼:英语 have(本族,不同根)

证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD

判定 hab-/hibit- 同根,以第二变位与复合词干弱化为决定性证据。

形态证据

三词干

hab-/habu-/habit- 同根;habit、exhibit 分别挂两词干。

音变证据

habēre→exhibēre / 复合弱化

a→i 词干弱化。

共时词族

15 词闭环

本页 15 词都由 hab-/hibit- 加 -it/-ility/-ate 或复合生成。

借词断代:habit、able 经古法语较早入英(13–14 世纪);exhibit、prohibit、rehabilitate 是 15–19 世纪借词。

外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES

高阶拉丁 · hibit-

hibit-

exhibit「展览」· prohibit「禁止」· inhibit「抑制」

N · 日耳曼 have(本族)

have

英语 have 语义对应 habēre,词源不同根

一屏速记 · 49 词

ability/əˈbɪləti/

名 能力;才能;本领

构abil- / -ity

例She has the ability to solve complex

able/ˈeɪbl/

a. 能够的;有能力的;能干的

构able

例We are able to finish the project

exhibit/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

动 展览;名 展示;名 展品;名 (法庭)证物

构ex- / hibit

例The museum will exhibit ancient Roman coins

habit/ˈhæbɪt/

名 习惯;习性;(修士的)法衣

构habit

例Reading before bed is a good habit

inhabit/ɪnˈhæbɪt/

动 居住于;栖息于;占据

构in- / habit

例Few animals inhabit the frozen desert

inhibit/ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

动 抑制;阻止;妨碍

构in- / hibit

例Fear can inhibit creativity in children

prohibit/proʊˈhɪbɪt/

动 (正式/法律)禁止;阻止

构pro- / hibit

例The law prohibits smoking in public buildings

enable/ɪˈneɪbl/

动 使能够;使成为可能;启用

构en- / able

例The new ramp enables wheelchair access to

exhibition/ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/

名 展览(会);展示;表现

构ex- / hibit / -ion

例The photography exhibition runs until the end

habitat/ˈhæbɪtæt/

名 (动植物的)栖息地;产地

构habitat

例The forest is the natural habitat of

inhabitant/ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/

名 居民;栖息动物

构in- / habit / -ant

例The town has only five hundred permanent

prohibited/proʊˈhɪbɪtɪd/

a. 被禁止的;违禁的

构pro- / hibit / -ed

例Food and drinks are prohibited inside the

prohibition/ˌproʊəˈbɪʃn/

名 禁止;禁令;(大写)禁酒令时期

构pro- / hibit / -ion

例The prohibition on fishing protects the fish

rehabilitate/ˌriːhəˈbɪlɪteɪt/

动 使康复;改造(罪犯);恢复名誉;修复

构re- / habilit / -ate

例The therapy helped rehabilitate the injured athlete

unable/ʌnˈeɪbl/

a. 不能的;无法的;无能为力的

构un- / able

例She was unable to attend the meeting

cohabit/koʊˈhæbɪt/

名 同居;共同生活(尤指未婚)

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The cohabit is widely used in this kind of work.

cohabitation/koʊˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn/

名 同居;共同生活

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The whole cohabitation took several hours to complete.

habitable/ˈhæbɪtəbl/

形 可居住的;适于居住的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be habitable for everyone in the group.

habitation/ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn/

名 居住;住所;聚居地

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The whole habitation took several hours to complete.

habitual/həˈbɪtʃuəl/

形 习惯的;惯常的;积习的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be habitual for everyone in the group.

habitually/həˈbɪtʃuəli/

副 习惯地;通常

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The team habitually finished the task before the deadline.

habituate/həˈbɪtʃueɪt/

动 使习惯于;使熟悉

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The manager decided to habituate the problem before the meeting.

inhabitable/ɪnˈhæbɪtəbl/

形 可居住的;适于居住的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be inhabitable for everyone in the group.

inhabited/ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/

形 有人居住的;有生物栖息的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be inhabited for everyone in the group.

uninhabited/ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/

形 无人居住的;荒无人烟的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be uninhabited for everyone in the group.

exhibitionist/ˌeksɪˈbɪʃənɪst/

名 爱出风头者;暴露癖者

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The exhibitionist arrived at the office earlier than usual.

exhibitor/ɪɡˈzɪbɪtər/

名 参展者;展出商;放映方

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The exhibitor arrived at the office earlier than usual.

inhibited/ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

形 拘谨的;受压抑的;克制的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be inhibited for everyone in the group.

inhibition/ˌɪnhɪˈbɪʃn/

名 抑制;顾忌;压抑;(化)抑制作用

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The whole inhibition took several hours to complete.

prohibitive/proʊˈhɪbətɪv/

形 (价格)高得令人却步的;禁止性的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be prohibitive for everyone in the group.

prohibitively/proʊˈhɪbətɪvli/

副 (价格/难度)令人却步地

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The team prohibitively finished the task before the deadline.

uninhibited/ˌʌnɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

形 不受拘束的;放纵的;尽情的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be uninhibited for everyone in the group.

disability/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/

名 残疾;缺陷;无能力;(法律)无资格

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The whole disability took several hours to complete.

disable/dɪsˈeɪbl/

形 使丧失能力;使伤残;使失效

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be disable for everyone in the group.

inability/ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/

名 无能;无力;不能

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The whole inability took several hours to complete.

rehabilitation/ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn/

名 康复;恢复(名誉/地位);修复

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The whole rehabilitation took several hours to complete.

debilitatedɪˈbɪlɪteɪt

动 使虚弱,削弱,阻碍

源de + ate

构de + ate

例The manager decided to debilitate the problem before the meeting.

disableddɪsˈeɪbld

形 残废的

源disabl + ed

构disabl + ed

例The new rule will be disabled for everyone in the group.

doubtdaʊt

名 怀疑;疑惑v.怀疑,疑惑,不能肯定

源dou + b + t

构dou + b + t

例The doubt is widely used in this kind of work.

doubtfuldaʊtfəl

形 可疑的;令人生疑的;疑心的;不能确定的

源doubt + ful

构doubt + ful

例The new rule will be doubtful for everyone in the group.

doubtlessdaʊtləs

副 无疑地;确定地;大概,多半

源doubt + less

构doubt + less

例The team doubtless finished the task before the deadline.

dubietyˌdjuːˈbaɪəti

名 可疑性,不确定性

源du + b + i + ety

构du + b + i + ety

例The dubiety is widely used in this kind of work.

dubitableˈdjuːbɪtəb(ə)l

形 可疑的

源dubit + able

构dubit + able

例The new rule will be dubitable for everyone in the group.

dubitativeˈdjuːbɪtətɪv

形 怀疑的,半信半疑的

源dubit + ative

构dubit + ative

例The new rule will be dubitative for everyone in the group.

habilitatehəˈbɪlɪteɪt

动 使合适,使有资格,使有能力

源habil + it + ate

构habil + it + ate

例The manager decided to habilitate the problem before the meeting.

habitanthæbitənt

名 居民,居住者

源hab + it + ant

构hab + it + ant

例The habitant is widely used in this kind of work.

habituationhəbɪtjʊˈeɪʃən

名 熟习;习惯化;成瘾

源habit + u + ation

构habit + u + ation

例The habituation is widely used in this kind of work.

inhabitation/ɪnˌhæbɪˈteɪʃən/

名 居住;栖息

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The inhabitation is widely used in this kind of work.

inhibitive/ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪv/

形 抑制的;禁止的

源hab/hibit

构hab/hibit

例The new rule will be inhibitive for everyone in the group.

跨语族导航 NAVIGATION

hab/hibit 在三条线上的同根字根(点击可跳转)。

本页 · L040 hab/hibit
G 篇待补
N 篇待补 · have(本族,不同根)