LATIN ROOT · L091 · 拉丁字根
plic / ply折叠 · 编织
PIE root *plek-「to fold, weave」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
同一「折叠」根,拉丁 plicāre 在复合词里经古法弱化为 -ply/-plic-;英语这一族两套拼写并存。
*plek- → Latin plicāre「to fold」,分词 plicātus
plicāre / plic-
apply · imply · reply · multiply · complicate · deploy(详见本页)
*plek- → 希腊 plekein「编织」
plek-
complex 经拉丁;perplex 同源
日耳曼无此根本族词;ply 本族「一层」另议
—
英语本族 fold 另属 *pel-;ply 多借拉丁
plicātus 经古法 plier「折叠」,入英作 ply「一层、使劲」;deploy=dis-+plicāre「展开折叠」。
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
plicāre 是第一变位动词;英语借词在复合词里取 -ply(古法)与 -plic-(书面)两套。
PRESENT 现在词干
plic-
plicō / plicāre|第一变位(长 ā)
apply · imply · reply · multiply
PERFECT 完成词干
plicāv-
plicāvī|完成后缀 -v-
拉丁完成:plicāvī「我折了」
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
plicāt-
plicātus|完成分词 -ātus
complicate · duplicate · explicit · supple
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 plicāre/plicātus 到现代英语各词,关键形态—语音调整。
①-āre→-y(古法)
复合词 -plicāre 经古法 pliier,缩作 -ply:apply /əˈplaɪ/、reply /rɪˈplaɪ/、multiply。
②-ātus→-ate/-it
分词 plicātus 在书面借词作 -plicate/-plicit:complicate、explicit。
③-icitā→-icity
拉丁 implicitās→explicit/implicit 的 -icit。
④suppl- 同化
sub-+plicāre 在 l 前同化为 supp-:supple /ˈsʌpl/。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
plicō 是第一变位动词;复合词 apply/imply/reply 走古法 -ply,书面词 complicate/duplicate 走 -plicātus。
现在 1sg
plicō
我折叠
现在不定式
plicāre
to fold
完成 1sg
plicāvī
我折了(-v- 完成)
目的分词
plicātum
分词词干 plicāt-
现在时变位 · 第一变位(连接元音 -a-)
| 人称 | 主动 | 词结构 | 义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | plicō | plic-ō | 我折 |
| 2 sg | plicās | plic-ās | 你折 |
| 3 sg | plicat | plic-at | 他折 |
| 1 pl | plicāmus | plic-āmus | 我们折 |
| 3 pl | plicant | plic-ant | 他们折 |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| apply | applicāre | apliier | 14 世纪 |
| reply | replicāre | replier | 14 世纪 |
| complicate | plicātus(com-) | — | 17 世纪(书面) |
| multiply | multiplicāre | multiplier | 12 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① apply/ap- 是 ad- 在 p 前同化(applicāre);② reply/replicate 同根(re-+plicāre);③ deploy=dis-「展开」+plicāre「折」。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
plicāre 核心是「折叠」,向「叠上/系上」「折回」「多折」引申。
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申请;人 施事后缀
applicāre(贴近、申请)的现在分词词干 applic-ant-。
名 申请人、求职者
▪ Each applicant filled in a long form.
每位求职者都填了长长的表格。
▪ The best applicant was hired within a week.
最合适的申请者一周内就被录用。
▪ The agency matched the applicant to the job.
中介为这位申请人匹配了工作。
▪ An applicant should bring references.
求职者应带上推荐信。
动作;结果名词后缀
拉丁 applicātiō(使贴近)<applicāre 的完成分词 applicāt-+-iō。
名 申请(书);应用;涂敷;应用软件
▪ She sent her application last Friday.
她上周五寄出了申请。
▪ This phone app has many practical applications.
这款手机应用有许多实用用途。
▪ The cream is for external application.
这种乳膏供外用。
▪ He downloaded a new editing application.
他下载了一款新的编辑软件。
ad- 在 p 前同化为 ap-,向、贴近;plicāre 折
古法语 aplier<拉丁 applicāre「折叠靠近、使贴近」=ap-(ad- 向)+plicāre(折)。
动 申请;应用、适用;涂、敷
衍
applicable adj 适用的,可应用的,合适的 applicant n 申请人,求职者 application n 申请(书),应用,涂敷,应用软件
▪ She applied for the job online.
她在线申请了这份工作。
▪ This rule applies to every student.
这条规则适用于每位学生。
▪ apply the paint in thin coats.
油漆要薄薄地分层涂刷。
▪ Theory must apply to real life.
理论必须应用于现实生活。
一起;plectere 编、缠
拉丁 complexus(环绕、拥抱、编在一起)<complectī「缠绕在一起」=com-(一起)+plectere(编)。
形 复杂的、复合的;n. 综合体;情结
衍
complexion n 面色,肤色,面貌,性质 plexus n (神经、血管等的)丛,网状结构
▪ The human brain is a complex system.
人脑是一个复杂的系统。
▪ They built a new sports complex.
他们新建了一座综合体育场馆。
▪ He carries a complex about his height.
他对自己的身高心存情结。
▪ The explanation was too complex for children.
这个解释对孩子来说太复杂。
编;抽象名词后缀
complex(编缠在一起的)+-ity(名词后缀)。
名 复杂性、错综复杂的事物
▪ The complexity of the tax law confuses everyone.
税法的复杂性让所有人困惑。
▪ She admired the complexity of the watch.
她赞叹这块表结构的精密。
▪ The project grew in complexity over time.
项目随时间变得愈发复杂。
▪ We must simplify the complexity of the process.
我们必须简化流程的复杂性。
共同、一起;折
拉丁 complicāre「折叠在一起」=com-(一起)+plicāre(折)。
动 使复杂化、使错综
衍
complication n 复杂情况,纠葛,并发症 uncomplicated adj 简单的,不复杂的,无并发症的
▪ Bad weather complicated the rescue.
恶劣天气使救援变得复杂。
▪ Do not complicate a simple decision.
不要把简单的决定复杂化。
▪ The new rule only complicated matters.
新规定只会让事情更棘手。
▪ A second injury complicated his recovery.
再次受伤使他的康复变得复杂。
分词形容词后缀
complicāre(折在一起)的完成分词+-ed。
形 复杂的、难懂的、结构复杂的
▪ The instructions were far too complicated.
这些说明实在太复杂难懂。
▪ She explained the complicated plan with a diagram.
她用图表解释了复杂的计划。
▪ The watch has a complicated inner mechanism.
这块表内部结构复杂。
▪ Legal cases can be deeply complicated.
法律案件可能极其错综复杂。
in- 进入;plicāre 折
古法语 employer<拉丁 implicāre「折入、卷入、使参与」=in-(入)+plicāre(折)。
动 雇用;使用、运用;n. 受雇
衍
employee n 雇员,受雇者 unemployed adj 失业的,未被雇用的,闲置的 unemployment n 失业,失业状态,失业率
▪ The factory employs two hundred workers.
这家工厂雇用两百名工人。
▪ She employed a new method to solve the puzzle.
她运用新方法解开了谜题。
▪ He was in steady employ at the bank.
他在银行有稳定的工作。
▪ The company will employ more staff next year.
公司明年将雇用更多员工。
被…的人
employ(雇用)+-ee(被动受事者后缀)。
名 雇员、受雇者
▪ Every employee received a bonus.
每位雇员都拿到了奖金。
▪ She is the longest serving employee.
她是在职最久的员工。
▪ The training helps new employees adapt.
培训帮助新雇员适应。
▪ The employee clocked in at eight.
这名员工八点打卡上班。
做…的人;方
employ(雇用)+-er(施事者后缀)。
名 雇主、雇用者
▪ A good employer listens to staff.
好的雇主会倾听员工意见。
▪ The employer raised wages this year.
雇主今年提高了工资。
▪ She wrote a letter to her former employer.
她给前雇主写了一封信。
▪ The employer provides health insurance.
雇主提供医疗保险。
动作;状态
employ(雇用)+-ment(名词后缀)。
名 就业、雇用;工作、职业;使用
▪ The city has low unemployment and steady employment.
这座城市失业率低,就业稳定。
▪ She found employment at a local clinic.
她在当地诊所找到了工作。
▪ The employment of new methods raised output.
采用新方法提高了产量。
▪ Graduates seek employment in tech.
毕业生在科技行业求职。
向外;折
拉丁 explicitus(被展开的、摊开的)<explicāre「展开、解开」=ex-(出、开)+plicāre(折)。
形 明确的、清楚的;直露的
衍
inexplicable adj 无法解释的,费解的
▪ The manual gives explicit instructions.
手册给出了明确的说明。
▪ She was explicit about her reasons.
她把自己的理由讲得清清楚楚。
▪ The film contains explicit scenes.
这部影片含有直露的镜头。
▪ We need an explicit answer, not a vague one.
我们需要明确的答复,而非含糊其辞。
内;折
拉丁 implicitus(被折入的、缠绕在内的)<implicāre 的分词异体。
形 含蓄的、暗含的;绝对的(信任)
▪ Her smile carried an implicit promise.
她的微笑暗含承诺。
▪ There was an implicit trust between them.
他们之间有着绝对的信任。
▪ The rule is implicit in the contract.
这条规则暗含在合同中。
▪ He gave implicit approval by nodding.
他点头表示默许。
in- 在 p 前同化为 im-,进入;折
古法语 emplier<拉丁 implicāre「折叠进去、卷入、缠绕」=in-(入内)+plicāre(折)。
动 暗示、意味着;必然包含
▪ His silence implied agreement.
他的沉默意味着同意。
▪ Her frown implied that she disagreed.
她皱眉暗示自己不同意。
▪ A fever often implies infection.
发烧往往意味着感染。
▪ The proposal implies major cost.
这项提议必然牵涉大额成本。
多;plicāre 折
古法语 multiplier<拉丁 multiplicāre「使多折、倍增」=multus(多)+plicāre(折)。
动 乘、使相乘;繁殖、大量增加
▪ Children learn to multiply numbers in third grade.
孩子们在三年级学习乘法。
▪ Rabbits multiply quickly.
兔子繁殖得很快。
▪ Our problems multiplied overnight.
我们的问题一夜之间成倍增加。
▪ multiply length by width to get the area.
长乘宽即得面积。
回;plicāre 折
古法语 replier<拉丁 replicāre「折回、展开回应」=re-(回)+plicāre(折)。
动 回答、答复、回应
▪ She replied to the email at once.
她立刻回复了那封邮件。
▪ I am waiting for his reply.
我在等他的答复。
▪ He replied with a short note.
他回了一张简短的便条。
▪ The reply arrived three days later.
答复在三天后才到。
apply 应用;名词后缀
apply(应用)+-ance(名词后缀),「被应用之物」。
名 器具、(家用)电器;装置
▪ The store sells every kitchen appliance.
这家店卖各种厨房电器。
▪ Unplug the appliance before cleaning.
清洁前请拔下电器插头。
▪ A new appliance made her life easier.
一件新家电让她的生活更轻松。
▪ The appliance uses little energy.
这台电器耗电很少。
名词后缀
拉丁 complicātiō<complicāre 完成分词+-iō。
名 复杂情况、纠葛;(医学)并发症
▪ A traffic jam was the only complication.
堵车是唯一的麻烦。
▪ The patient developed a complication after surgery.
病人术后出现了并发症。
▪ Money caused the complication between them.
金钱在他们之间制造了纠葛。
▪ We solved the complication with a phone call.
我们一个电话就解决了这桩麻烦。
dis- 反向、开;plicāre 折
古法语 desploier「展开、摊开」<拉丁 displicāre「展开」=dis-(分开、开)+plicāre(折)。
动 部署、调度(军队/资源);展开
衍
ploy n 策略,手法,花招
▪ The army deployed troops near the border.
军队在边境附近部署了部队。
▪ The company deployed its best engineers.
公司调度了最优秀的工程师。
▪ They deployed the new software across offices.
他们在各办公室推行新软件。
▪ The firefighters deployed their ladders.
消防员展开了云梯。
duo 二;折
拉丁 duplicātus(折成两份的)<duplicāre=duo(二)+plicāre(折)。
形 复制的 名 副本 名 /ˈduːplɪkeɪt/ v. 复制
衍
duplicity n 口是心非,两面派,欺诈
▪ He kept a duplicate key in his drawer.
他在抽屉里留了一把备用钥匙。
▪ Please duplicate this file for me.
请帮我复制这份文件。
▪ She sent a duplicate copy by mail.
她邮寄了一份副本。
▪ The duplicate entry caused the error.
重复录入导致了这个错误。
名词后缀
拉丁 implicātiō<implicāre(折入)完成分词+-iō。
名 暗示、言外之意;牵连;可能的后果
▪ The implication of his words worried us.
他话中的言外之意让我们担心。
▪ The new law has serious implications.
这项新法律有重大的潜在后果。
▪ Her implication in the scandal was denied.
她在丑闻中的牵连被否认了。
▪ We discussed the implication of the data.
我们讨论了这些数据的含义。
多;折、重
晚期拉丁 multiplus「多折的、多样的」<multiplex=multus(多)+-plex(折,plectere)。
形 多个的、多种的、多重的;n. 倍数
衍
multiplication n 乘法,倍增,繁殖 multiply 动 乘,使相乘,繁殖,大量增加
▪ The letter contains multiple errors.
这封信有多处错误。
▪ Eight is a multiple of two.
八是二的倍数。
▪ She holds multiple roles in the company.
她在公司身兼数职。
▪ The car has multiple safety features.
这辆车有多重安全装置。
折;名词后缀
拉丁 multiplicātiō<multiplicāre(倍增)完成分词+-iō。
名 乘法;倍增、繁殖
▪ The children practiced multiplication tables.
孩子们练习乘法口诀。
▪ The multiplication of cells speeds up.
细胞的增殖速度加快。
▪ Farmers feared the multiplication of pests.
农民担心害虫大量繁殖。
▪ She learned multiplication at age seven.
她七岁时学会了乘法。
彻底;编、缠
拉丁 perplexus「缠绕不清的」=per-(彻底、贯穿)+plexus(被编的,plectere 分词)。
动 使困惑、使茫然、使复杂化
▪ The strange answer perplexed the teacher.
这个奇怪的答案让老师困惑。
▪ Her sudden change perplexed her friends.
她的突然转变让朋友们茫然。
▪ The puzzle perplexed everyone for hours.
这个谜题让大家困惑了好几个小时。
▪ One quiet detail perplexed the detective.
一个不起眼的细节让侦探百思不解。
回、再次;折
拉丁 replicāre「折回、反复」=re-(回、再)+plicāre(折)。
动 复制、复刻;(科学)重复(实验)
衍
replica n 复制品,仿制品,精确模型
▪ The lab tried to replicate the experiment.
实验室试图重复这一实验。
▪ She replicated the old painting by hand.
她手工复刻了这幅古画。
▪ DNA replicates itself in the cell.
DNA 在细胞中自我复制。
▪ The design was replicated in every room.
这个设计在每个房间里被复刻。
折叠;对折;倍数;畜栏
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
形 折叠;对折;倍数;畜栏
▪ The new rule will be fold for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是折叠。
▪ They considered the plan fold after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是折叠。
▪ The manager gave a fold answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个折叠的答复。
▪ Every solution must be fold before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是折叠的。
发辫、辫子;v. 编(发)、打褶
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 发辫、辫子;v. 编(发)、打褶
▪ The plait is widely used in this kind of work.
发辫在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the plait in a safe place after use.
用后请把发辫放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the plait to the entrance of the building.
团队把发辫搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable plait at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的发辫。
褶、褶裥;v. 打褶
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 褶、褶裥;v. 打褶
▪ The pleat is widely used in this kind of work.
褶在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the pleat in a safe place after use.
用后请把褶放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the pleat to the entrance of the building.
团队把褶搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable pleat at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的褶。
神经、血管、淋巴管的)丛、网状结构
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 神经、血管、淋巴管的)丛、网状结构
▪ The plexus is widely used in this kind of work.
丛在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the plexus in a safe place after use.
用后请把丛放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the plexus to the entrance of the building.
团队把丛搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable plexus at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的丛。
柔软的、易弯的;易受影响的、顺从的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
形 柔软的、易弯的;易受影响的、顺从的
▪ The new rule will be pliable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是柔软的。
▪ They considered the plan pliable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是柔软的。
▪ The manager gave a pliable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个柔软的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be pliable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是柔软的的。
钳子、老虎钳(常用复数)
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 钳子、老虎钳(常用复数)
▪ The pliers is widely used in this kind of work.
钳子在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the pliers in a safe place after use.
用后请把钳子放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the pliers to the entrance of the building.
团队把钳子搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable pliers at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的钳子。
不断供给;从事;折;n.(绳、布的)股、层
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 不断供给;从事;折;n.(绳、布的)股、层
▪ The ply is widely used in this kind of work.
不断供给在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the ply in a safe place after use.
用后请把不断供给放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the ply to the entrance of the building.
团队把不断供给搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable ply at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的不断供给。
胶合板、夹板
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 胶合板、夹板
▪ The plywood is widely used in this kind of work.
胶合板在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the plywood in a safe place after use.
用后请把胶合板放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the plywood to the entrance of the building.
团队把胶合板搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable plywood at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的胶合板。
柔软的、灵活的;逢迎的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
形 柔软的、灵活的;逢迎的
▪ The new rule will be supple for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是柔软的。
▪ They considered the plan supple after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是柔软的。
▪ The manager gave a supple answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个柔软的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be supple before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是柔软的的。
共犯、同谋、帮凶
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 共犯、同谋、帮凶
▪ The accomplice arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位共犯比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained accomplice knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的共犯知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced accomplice for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的共犯。
▪ The accomplice answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,共犯回答了记者的提问。
共谋、串通、共犯关系
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 共谋、串通、共犯关系
▪ The whole complicity took several hours to complete.
整个共谋过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper complicity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的共谋至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of complicity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了共谋的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the complicity.
经理就共谋写了一份清晰的报告。
使牵连(于罪行);意味着
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
动 使牵连(于罪行);意味着
▪ The manager decided to implicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使牵连这个问题。
▪ She will implicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使牵连这项任务。
▪ They need to implicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使牵连这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to implicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使牵连了计划。
困惑的、茫然的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
形 困惑的、茫然的
▪ The new rule will be perplexed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是困惑的。
▪ They considered the plan perplexed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是困惑的。
▪ The manager gave a perplexed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个困惑的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be perplexed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是困惑的的。
简单的、不复杂的;(医)无并发症的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
形 简单的、不复杂的;(医)无并发症的
▪ The new rule will be uncomplicated for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是简单的。
▪ They considered the plan uncomplicated after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是简单的。
▪ The manager gave a uncomplicated answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个简单的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be uncomplicated before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是简单的的。
部署、调度;展开
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 部署、调度;展开
▪ The whole deployment took several hours to complete.
整个部署过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper deployment is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的部署至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of deployment with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了部署的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the deployment.
经理就部署写了一份清晰的报告。
恳求、哀求、祈求
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
动 恳求、哀求、祈求
▪ The manager decided to supplicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前恳求这个问题。
▪ She will supplicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去恳求这项任务。
▪ They need to supplicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要恳求这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to supplicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就恳求了计划。
失业的、未被雇用的;闲置的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
形 失业的、未被雇用的;闲置的
▪ The new rule will be unemployed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是失业的。
▪ They considered the plan unemployed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是失业的。
▪ The manager gave a unemployed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个失业的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unemployed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是失业的的。
失业(状态/人数);失业率
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 失业(状态/人数);失业率
▪ The whole unemployment took several hours to complete.
整个失业过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper unemployment is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的失业至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of unemployment with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了失业的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the unemployment.
经理就失业写了一份清晰的报告。
plicare折
展示;陈列
拉丁词根 plic/plex 派生:dis-散 + plicare折
名 展示;陈列
▪ The display is widely used in this kind of work.
展示在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the display in a safe place after use.
用后请把展示放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the display to the entrance of the building.
团队把展示搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable display at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的展示。
plicare折
利用;开发;功绩
拉丁词根 plic/plex 派生:ex-出 + plicare折
名 利用;开发;功绩
▪ The exploit is widely used in this kind of work.
利用在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the exploit in a safe place after use.
用后请把利用放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the exploit to the entrance of the building.
团队把利用搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable exploit at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的利用。
plect
编织,使交织
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:com + plect
动 编织,使交织
▪ The manager decided to complect the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前编织这个问题。
▪ She will complect the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去编织这项任务。
▪ They need to complect the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要编织这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to complect the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就编织了计划。
plic
it
共谋的,串通一起的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:com + plic + it
形 共谋的,串通一起的
▪ The new rule will be complicit for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是共谋的。
▪ They considered the plan complicit after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是共谋的。
▪ The manager gave a complicit answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个共谋的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be complicit before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是共谋的的。
ion
复制,重复
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:duplicat + ion
名 复制,重复
▪ The duplication is widely used in this kind of work.
复制在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the duplication in a safe place after use.
用后请把复制放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the duplication to the entrance of the building.
团队把复制搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable duplication at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的复制。
ive
复制的,重复的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:duplicat + ive
形 复制的,重复的
▪ The new rule will be duplicative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是复制的。
▪ They considered the plan duplicative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是复制的。
▪ The manager gave a duplicative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个复制的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be duplicative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是复制的的。
or
(以前用油墨和蜡纸的)复印机
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:duplicat + or
名 (以前用油墨和蜡纸的)复印机
▪ The duplicator is widely used in this kind of work.
复印机在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the duplicator in a safe place after use.
用后请把复印机放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the duplicator to the entrance of the building.
团队把复印机搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable duplicator at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的复印机。
ous
狡诈的,表里不一的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:duplicit + ous
形 狡诈的,表里不一的
▪ The new rule will be duplicitous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是狡诈的。
▪ They considered the plan duplicitous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是狡诈的。
▪ The manager gave a duplicitous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个狡诈的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be duplicitous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是狡诈的的。
plic
able
可说明的,可解释的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:ex + plic + able
形 可说明的,可解释的
▪ The new rule will be explicable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可说明的。
▪ They considered the plan explicable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可说明的。
▪ The manager gave a explicable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可说明的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be explicable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可说明的的。
plic
ate
说明,解释
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:ex + plic + ate
动 说明,解释
▪ The manager decided to explicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前说明这个问题。
▪ She will explicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去说明这项任务。
▪ They need to explicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要说明这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to explicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就说明了计划。
ion
说明,解释
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:explicat + ion
名 说明,解释
▪ The explication is widely used in this kind of work.
说明在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the explication in a safe place after use.
用后请把说明放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the explication to the entrance of the building.
团队把说明搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable explication at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的说明。
ive
说明的,解释的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:explicat + ive
形 说明的,解释的
▪ The new rule will be explicative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是说明的。
▪ They considered the plan explicative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是说明的。
▪ The manager gave a explicative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个说明的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be explicative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是说明的的。
ation
开发,开采,利用,剥削
拉丁词根 plic/plex 派生:exploit + ation
名 开发,开采,利用,剥削
▪ The exploitation is widely used in this kind of work.
开发在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the exploitation in a safe place after use.
用后请把开发放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the exploitation to the entrance of the building.
团队把开发搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable exploitation at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的开发。
ative
利用的,剥削的
拉丁词根 plic/plex 派生:exploit + ative
形 利用的,剥削的
▪ The new rule will be exploitative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是利用的。
▪ They considered the plan exploitative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是利用的。
▪ The manager gave a exploitative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个利用的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be exploitative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是利用的的。
错综复杂的,多重的,多路传输的n.多路传输系统,多映厅影院
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
形 错综复杂的,多重的,多路传输的n.多路传输系统,多映厅影院
▪ The new rule will be multiplex for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是错综复杂的。
▪ They considered the plan multiplex after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是错综复杂的。
▪ The manager gave a multiplex answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个错综复杂的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be multiplex before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是错综复杂的的。
ity
多样性,多种多样
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:multiplic + ity
名 多样性,多种多样
▪ The multiplicity is widely used in this kind of work.
多样性在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the multiplicity in a safe place after use.
用后请把多样性放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the multiplicity to the entrance of the building.
团队把多样性搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable multiplicity at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的多样性。
困惑,迷惘
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 困惑,迷惘
▪ The perplexity is widely used in this kind of work.
困惑在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the perplexity in a safe place after use.
用后请把困惑放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the perplexity to the entrance of the building.
团队把困惑搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable perplexity at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的困惑。
柔韧,柔顺,适应性
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 柔韧,柔顺,适应性
▪ The pliancy is widely used in this kind of work.
柔韧在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the pliancy in a safe place after use.
用后请把柔韧放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the pliancy to the entrance of the building.
团队把柔韧搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable pliancy at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的柔韧。
柔韧的,易弯的;易受影响的,顺从的
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:ant
形 柔韧的,易弯的;易受影响的,顺从的
▪ The new rule will be pliant for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是柔韧的。
▪ They considered the plan pliant after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是柔韧的。
▪ The manager gave a pliant answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个柔韧的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be pliant before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是柔韧的的。
(解剖)褶皱,皱襞
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 (解剖)褶皱,皱襞
▪ The plica is widely used in this kind of work.
褶皱在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the plica in a safe place after use.
用后请把褶皱放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the plica to the entrance of the building.
团队把褶皱搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable plica at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的褶皱。
皱纹,褶皱
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 皱纹,褶皱
▪ The plication is widely used in this kind of work.
皱纹在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the plication in a safe place after use.
用后请把皱纹放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the plication to the entrance of the building.
团队把皱纹搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable plication at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的皱纹。
困境,困苦
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:plic/ply
名 困境,困苦
▪ The plight is widely used in this kind of work.
困境在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the plight in a safe place after use.
用后请把困境放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the plight to the entrance of the building.
团队把困境搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable plight at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的困境。
duplicate
复制,重复
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:re + duplicate
动 复制,重复
▪ The manager decided to reduplicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前复制这个问题。
▪ She will reduplicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去复制这项任务。
▪ They need to reduplicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要复制这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to reduplicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就复制了计划。
plicare to fold, apply
应用程序;应用软件
拉丁词根 plic/ply 派生:applicare ad- + plicare to fold, apply
名 应用程序;应用软件
衍
application(名)=应用;申请
▪ The app is widely used in this kind of work.
应用程序在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the app in a safe place after use.
用后请把应用程序放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the app to the entrance of the building.
团队把应用程序搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable app at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的应用程序。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
apply/apply 与 ply 是「折叠」双拼写
applicāre「叠上」经古法给 apply,plicāre 本身给 ply「一层」;同一拉丁动词在英语里显两套拼写。
注意:supple「柔软」与 sub-+plic- 同根
supple 来自 supplex(sub-+plic-「躬身折体」),原指「屈膝恳求」→柔软;不是 supplement 的简拼。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *plek-(to fold, weave)
│
└─ 拉丁 plicō · plicāre · plicāvī · plicātus(第一变位)
├ -plicāre(古法 -ply):apply · imply · reply · multiply · deploy
└ -plicātus(书面 -plicate/-plicit):complicate · duplicate · explicit · implicit · supple
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 plic-/ply- 同族,双拼写来自古法/书面两径。
plic-/ply-
apply/reply 走古法 -ply,complicate 走书面 -plic-。
ad-→ap- / -ātus→-ate
apply 的 ap- 是同化;complicate 的 -ate 是分词。
闭环
本页词皆由 plic-+ap-/in-/re-/multi- 生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
L · 拉丁 plicāre(折)
plic-/ply-
apply · reply · multiply · complicate · explicit · deploy
G · 希腊 plekein(编织)
plek-
complex/perplex 经拉丁间接同根
一屏速记 · 67 词
名申请人、求职者
构applic-+-ant
例each applicant filled in a long form
名申请(书);应用;涂敷;应用软件
构applic-+-ātiō>-ation
例she sent her application last Friday
动申请;应用、适用;涂、敷
构ap-+-ply
例she applied for the job online
形复杂的、复合的;n. 综合体;情结
构com-+-plex
例the human brain is a complex system
名复杂性、错综复杂的事物
构com-+-plex+-ity
例the complexity of the tax law confuses everyone
动使复杂化、使错综
构com-+plic-+-ate
例bad weather complicated the rescue
形复杂的、难懂的、结构复杂的
构com-+plic-+-at+-ed
例the instructions were far too complicated
动雇用;使用、运用;n. 受雇
构im-+-ploy
例the factory employs two hundred workers
名雇员、受雇者
构employ+-ee
例every employee received a bonus
名雇主、雇用者
构employ+-er
例a good employer listens to staff
名就业、雇用;工作、职业;使用
构employ+-ment
例the city has low unemployment and steady employment
形明确的、清楚的;直露的
构ex-+plic-+-it
例the manual gives explicit instructions
形含蓄的、暗含的;绝对的(信任)
构im-+plic-+-it
例her smile carried an implicit promise
动暗示、意味着;必然包含
构im-+-ply
例his silence implied agreement
动乘、使相乘;繁殖、大量增加
构multi-+-ply
例children learn to multiply numbers in third grade
动回答、答复、回应
构re-+-ply
例she replied to the email at once
名器具、(家用)电器;装置
构appli-+-ance
例the store sells every kitchen appliance
名复杂情况、纠葛;(医学)并发症
构com-+plic-+-ation
例a traffic jam was the only complication
动部署、调度(军队/资源);展开
构de-+-ploy
例the army deployed troops near the border
形复制的;名副本;名/ˈduːplɪkeɪt/ v. 复制
构du-+plic-+-ate。
例he kept a duplicate key in his drawer
名暗示、言外之意;牵连;可能的后果
构im-+plic-+-ation
例the implication of his words worried us
形多个的、多种的、多重的;n. 倍数
构multi-+-ple+-plex
例the letter contains multiple errors
名乘法;倍增、繁殖
构multi-+plic-+-ation
例the children practiced multiplication tables
动使困惑、使茫然、使复杂化
构per-+-plex
例the strange answer perplexed the teacher
动复制、复刻;(科学)重复(实验)
构re-+plic-+-ate
例the lab tried to replicate the experiment
形 折叠;对折;倍数;畜栏
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The new rule will be fold for everyone in the group.
名 发辫、辫子;v. 编(发)、打褶
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The plait is widely used in this kind of work.
名 褶、褶裥;v. 打褶
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The pleat is widely used in this kind of work.
名 神经、血管、淋巴管的)丛、网状结构
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The plexus is widely used in this kind of work.
形 柔软的、易弯的;易受影响的、顺从的
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The new rule will be pliable for everyone in the group.
名 钳子、老虎钳(常用复数)
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The pliers is widely used in this kind of work.
名 不断供给;从事;折;n.(绳、布的)股、层
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The ply is widely used in this kind of work.
名 胶合板、夹板
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The plywood is widely used in this kind of work.
形 柔软的、灵活的;逢迎的
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The new rule will be supple for everyone in the group.
名 共犯、同谋、帮凶
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The accomplice arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 共谋、串通、共犯关系
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The whole complicity took several hours to complete.
动 使牵连(于罪行);意味着
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The manager decided to implicate the problem before the meeting.
形 困惑的、茫然的
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The new rule will be perplexed for everyone in the group.
形 简单的、不复杂的;(医)无并发症的
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The new rule will be uncomplicated for everyone in the group.
名 部署、调度;展开
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The whole deployment took several hours to complete.
动 恳求、哀求、祈求
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The manager decided to supplicate the problem before the meeting.
形 失业的、未被雇用的;闲置的
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The new rule will be unemployed for everyone in the group.
名 失业(状态/人数);失业率
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The whole unemployment took several hours to complete.
名 展示;陈列
源dis-散 + plicare折
构dis-散 + plicare折
例The display is widely used in this kind of work.
名 利用;开发;功绩
源ex-出 + plicare折
构ex-出 + plicare折
例The exploit is widely used in this kind of work.
动 编织,使交织
源com + plect
构com + plect
例The manager decided to complect the problem before the meeting.
形 共谋的,串通一起的
源com + plic + it
构com + plic + it
例The new rule will be complicit for everyone in the group.
名 复制,重复
源duplicat + ion
构duplicat + ion
例The duplication is widely used in this kind of work.
形 复制的,重复的
源duplicat + ive
构duplicat + ive
例The new rule will be duplicative for everyone in the group.
名 (以前用油墨和蜡纸的)复印机
源duplicat + or
构duplicat + or
例The duplicator is widely used in this kind of work.
形 狡诈的,表里不一的
源duplicit + ous
构duplicit + ous
例The new rule will be duplicitous for everyone in the group.
形 可说明的,可解释的
源ex + plic + able
构ex + plic + able
例The new rule will be explicable for everyone in the group.
动 说明,解释
源ex + plic + ate
构ex + plic + ate
例The manager decided to explicate the problem before the meeting.
名 说明,解释
源explicat + ion
构explicat + ion
例The explication is widely used in this kind of work.
形 说明的,解释的
源explicat + ive
构explicat + ive
例The new rule will be explicative for everyone in the group.
名 开发,开采,利用,剥削
源exploit + ation
构exploit + ation
例The exploitation is widely used in this kind of work.
形 利用的,剥削的
源exploit + ative
构exploit + ative
例The new rule will be exploitative for everyone in the group.
形 错综复杂的,多重的,多路传输的n.多路传输系统,多映厅影院
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The new rule will be multiplex for everyone in the group.
名 多样性,多种多样
源multiplic + ity
构multiplic + ity
例The multiplicity is widely used in this kind of work.
名 困惑,迷惘
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The perplexity is widely used in this kind of work.
名 柔韧,柔顺,适应性
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The pliancy is widely used in this kind of work.
形 柔韧的,易弯的;易受影响的,顺从的
源ant
构ant
例The new rule will be pliant for everyone in the group.
名 (解剖)褶皱,皱襞
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The plica is widely used in this kind of work.
名 皱纹,褶皱
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The plication is widely used in this kind of work.
名 困境,困苦
源plic/ply
构plic/ply
例The plight is widely used in this kind of work.
动 复制,重复
源re + duplicate
构re + duplicate
例The manager decided to reduplicate the problem before the meeting.
名 应用程序;应用软件
源applicare ad- + plicare to fold, apply
构applicare ad- + plicare to fold, apply
例The app is widely used in this kind of work.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
plic/ply 为拉丁本族根,无已确认独立 G/N 页。
G 篇待补 · plekein(编织)
N 篇待补 · —

