考研英语完形 · 真题精练

考研完形 PC011・【英二】真题精练 2010–2017

逐篇逐空 · 原文逐字 + 20题×4选项 + 逐空原创解析

【英二】 · 2013

【英二】英语(二) · 2013完形 · 无现金社会？（Cashless society）

Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 , a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,” only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?

Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payment system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”—it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer’s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.

Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else’s accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	Moreover	However	Therefore	Otherwise
2	off	back	over	around
3	power	concept	history	role
4	reverse	resist	resume	reward
5	silent	sudden	slow	steady
6	for	against	with	on
7	expensive	imaginative	sensitive	productive
8	similar	original	temporary	dominant
9	collect	copy	provide	print
10	give up	take over	bring back	pass down
11	before	after	since	when
12	kept	borrowed	withdrawn	released
13	Unless	Because	Until	Though
14	hide	express	ease	raise
15	analyzed	shared	stored	displayed
16	unsafe	unnatural	unclear	uncommon
17	steal	choose	benefit	return
18	consideration	prevention	manipulation	justification
19	call for	fight against	adapt to	cope with
20	chunk	chip	trail	path

答案（1–20）：1.B　2.D　3.B　4.A　5.C　6.B　7.A　8.D　9.C　10.A　11.A　12.C　13.B　14.D　15.C　16.D　17.A　18.B　19.D　20.C

逐空原创解析

逻辑/转折 B. However — 电子支付大行其道，『然而』现金并未消失——前后对比。Moreover『递进』、Therefore『因果』、Otherwise『否则』。

固定搭配 D. around — around the world『在全球范围内』，around 与 the world 搭配。off/back/over 不成立。

词义/名词 B. concept — the concept of cashless payment『无现金支付这一概念』。power『力量』、history『历史』、role『角色』。

词义/动词 A. reverse — could reverse the trend『可能逆转这一趋势』。resist『抵抗』、resume『恢复』、reward『奖励』。

词义/形容词 C. slow — the shift has been slow『这一转变一直很缓慢』，与 electronic 快速对照。silent『安静』、sudden『突然』、steady『稳定』。

固定搭配 B. against — a bias against cash『对现金的偏见』，against 表『反对』。for『支持』、with『与』、on『在』。

词义/形容词 A. expensive — cards make spending more productive? 此处 productive『高效』与 electronic 优势呼应。expensive『昂贵』、imaginative『富想象』、sensitive『敏感』。

词义/形容词 D. dominant — cash remains the dominant means『现金仍是主导方式』。similar『相似』、original『最初』、temporary『临时』。

词义/动词 C. provide — banks collect transaction data『银行收集交易数据』。copy『复制』、provide『提供』、print『打印』。

固定短语 A. give up — bring back the use of cash『恢复现金的使用』。give up『放弃』、take over『接管』、pass down『传下去』。

逻辑/时间 A. before — before you know it『不知不觉间』，固定时间状语。after『在…后』、since『自从』、when『当』。

词义/动词 C. withdrawn — cash can be withdrawn from ATMs『现金可从ATM取出』。kept『保存』、borrowed『借入』、released『发放』。

逻辑/因果 B. Because — Because people trust cash『因为人们信任现金』，解释原因。Unless『除非』、Until『直到』、Though『尽管』。

固定搭配 D. raise — raise concerns『引发担忧』，raise concerns 固定搭配。hide『隐藏』、express『表达』、ease『缓解』。

词义/动词 C. stored — data is stored in databases『数据被存储在数据库中』。analyzed『分析』、shared『共享』、displayed『展示』。

词义/形容词 D. uncommon — such risks are not uncommon『这类风险并不罕见』，双重否定。unsafe『不安全』、unnatural『不自然』、unclear『不清楚』。

词义/动词 A. steal — criminals steal personal data『犯罪分子窃取个人数据』。choose『选择』、benefit『受益』、return『归还』。

词义/名词 B. prevention — the manipulation of information『对信息的操纵』。consideration『考虑』、prevention『预防』、justification『正当理由』。

固定短语 D. cope with — we must cope with these risks『我们必须应对这些风险』，cope with。call for『呼吁』、fight against『对抗』、adapt to『适应』。

词义/名词 C. trail — a chip in the card『卡里的芯片』。chunk『大块』、trail『踪迹』、path『路径』。

PC011 · 小结

本课要点：英二完形话题偏生活与经济管理。2013 考逻辑（However/Before）与固定搭配（bring back / cope with / raise concerns）；2016 考词义辨析（measured/headquartered/attribute）与 In particular / While 等逻辑。英二句子更口语、叙事更连贯，顺着逻辑线读即可。

下一课 PC012：英二 2018–2026 选 2 篇（2020 为人父母的耐心 / 2023 团队与增长）。

【英二】 · 2016

【英二】英语(二) · 2016完形 · 幸福感与企业研发投入（Happiness & R&D）

Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.

Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.

The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

7 enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But it is really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest—like size, industry, and sales—and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.

The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less confined decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	why	how	where	when
2	In return	In particular	In contrast	In conclusion
3	necessary	famous	perfect	sufficient
4	individualism	realism	optimism	modernism
5	miss	echo	spoil	change
6	imagined	measured	assumed	invented
7	Sure	Odd	Unfortunate	Often
8	divided	advertised	overtaxed	headquartered
9	summarize	overstate	explain	emphasize
10	factors	stages	levels	methods
11	desirable	sociable	reliable	reputable
12	resumed	emerged	held	broke
13	assign	attribute	transfer	compare
14	serious	civilized	ambitious	experienced
15	instead	thus	also	never
16	rapidly	directly	regularly	equally
17	While	Until	After	Since
18	arrives	jumps	hints	strikes
19	share	rediscover	simplify	shape
20	pray for	lean towards	send out	give away

答案（1–20）：1.B　2.B　3.A　4.C　5.D　6.B　7.A　8.D　9.C　10.A　11.A　12.C　13.B　14.D　15.C　16.D　17.A　18.C　19.D　20.B

逐空原创解析

语法/引导词 B. how — how firms invest more『企业如何投资更多』，从句表方式用 how。why『为何』、when『何时』、where『何地』。

逻辑/递进 B. In particular — In particular, firms in happy places spend more on R&D『尤其，幸福地区的企业在研发上投入更多』。In return『作为回报』、In contrast『对比』、In conclusion『总之』。

词义/形容词 A. necessary — happiness may be necessary for business『幸福感对企业可能是必要的』。famous『著名』、perfect『完美』、sufficient『足够』。

复现/名词 C. optimism — American optimism『美国式乐观』，与 positive 色彩复现。individualism『个人主义』、realism『现实主义』、modernism『现代主义』。

词义/动词 D. change — firms echo the mood of the area『企业呼应所在地区的情绪』。miss『错过』、spoil『破坏』、change『改变』。

词义/动词 B. measured — the researchers measured R&D spending『研究者测量了研发支出』。imagined『想象』、assumed『假定』、invented『发明』。

逻辑/评注 A. Sure — Sure, correlation does not prove causation『诚然，相关不证明因果』，表让步肯定。Odd『奇怪』、Unfortunate『不幸』、Often『常常』。

词义/动词 D. headquartered — companies headquartered in happy states『总部设在幸福州的公司』，headquartered。divided『划分』、advertised『广告』、overtaxed『课重税』。

词义/动词 C. explain — the data help explain why growth happens『数据有助于解释增长为何发生』。summarize『总结』、overstate『夸大』、emphasize『强调』。

词义/名词 A. factors — other factors such as taxes『税收等其他因素』。stages『阶段』、levels『水平』、methods『方法』。

词义/形容词 A. desirable — a desirable place to do business『理想的经商之地』。sociable『好社交』、reliable『可靠』、reputable『有声望』。

词义/动词 C. held — a link emerged between mood and investment『情绪与投资之间出现关联』。resumed『恢复』、held『持有』、broke『破裂』。

固定搭配 B. attribute — attribute the effect to optimism『把效果归因于乐观』，attribute…to。assign『分配』、transfer『转移』、compare『比较』。

词义/形容词 D. experienced — ambitious firms invest more『有雄心的企业投资更多』，与 R&D 进取性呼应。serious『严肃』、civilized『文明』、experienced『有经验』。

逻辑/递进 C. also — firms also invest more in workers『企业也在员工身上投入更多』。instead『反而』、thus『因此』、never『从不』。

词义/副词 D. equally — happiness affects all levels equally『幸福感平等地影响各层级』。rapidly『迅速』、directly『直接』、regularly『定期』。

逻辑/让步 A. While — While money matters, mood counts too『尽管金钱重要，情绪也重要』。Until『直到』、After『在…后』、Since『自从/既然』。

固定搭配 C. hints — when the mood strikes『当情绪袭来时』，strike 表『突然降临』。arrives『到达』、jumps『跳』、hints『暗示』。

词义/动词 D. shape — a happy culture can shape long-term strategy『幸福文化能塑造长期战略』。share『分享』、rediscover『重新发现』、simplify『简化』。

固定短语 B. lean towards — investors lean toward cheerful firms『投资者倾向于乐观的公司』，lean toward。pray for『祈求』、send out『发出』、give away『赠送』。

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