LATIN ROOT · L019 · 拉丁字根
dic / dict说 · 言 · 指出
PIE root *deik-(拉丁 dīcere) 「to say, point out」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
印欧「说/指出」在拉丁作 dīcere;日耳曼支同根给 teach/token(本族),英语 dic-/dict- 则多为罗曼借词。
*deik- → Latin dīcere「to say, point out」;完成分词 dictum
dic- / dict-
dictate · dictionary · predict · indicate · dedicate · contradict · verdict · judge(详见本页)
*deik- → Greek deiknūmi「to show」(δείκνυμι)
deikn-G 篇待补
英语 demon/diet 等借希腊线(另一线)
*deik- → 日耳曼 *taikjan「to show」
taik-
英语 teach/token/toe 是本族同根(非借词)
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
dīcō 是第三变位动词;英语词主要挂在分词词干 dict- 与现在词干 dic- 上。
PRESENT 现在词干
dic-
dīcere/dīcō|第三变位
predict(praedīcere)· indicate(indicāre)· vindicate
PERFECT 完成词干
dīx-
dīxī|-x- 式完成(dīc→dīx)
拉丁完成时 dīxī「我说了」(现代英语不直接借此词干)
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
dict-
dictum/dictus|完成分词 -t-
dictate(dictāre)· dictionary · verdict(vērum dictum)· contradict
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 dīcere 到现代英语各词,四次形态—语音调整。
①完成分词 -t-
dīcere→dictum:dictate、dictionary。
②-x- 完成 dīxī
dīcere 完成作 dīxī(c→x)。
③复合 prae-/in-/contra-
prae-+dīcere→praedīcere、in-+dīcere→indicāre、contra+dīcere→contrādīcere。
④古法 d-→j-
jūs+dīcere→jūdicāre→古法 jugier→judge。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
dīcō 是第三变位动词,-x- 完成 dīxī 与分词 dictum 为英语常用词干。
现在 1sg
dīcō
我说
现在不定式
dīcere
to say
完成 1sg
dīxī
我说了(-x-)
目的分词
dictum
to say(分词词干)
现在时变位 · 第三变位
| 人称 | 主动 | 被动 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | dīcō | dīcor | dīc-ō |
| 2 sg | dīcis | dīceris | dīc-is |
| 3 sg | dīcit | dīcitur | dīc-it |
| 1 pl | dīcimus | dīcimur | dīc-imus |
| 2 pl | dīcitis | dīciminī | dīc-itis |
| 3 pl | dīcunt | dīcuntur | dīc-unt |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| predict | praedīcere | — | 17 世纪 |
| dictionary | dictionarium | — | 16 世纪 |
| verdict | vērum dictum | vertit | 15 世纪 |
| judge | jūdicāre(jūs+dīcere) | jugier | 13 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① 完成 dīxī 是 -x- 完成(c→x);② predict=prae-「预先」+dīcere「说」=预言;③ verdict=vērum「真」+dictum「说」=裁断。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
dīcere 的核心是「说/指出」,由「说」向「命令、预言、裁决、条件」引申。
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上瘾者;使入迷/成瘾
n.1909「吸毒成瘾者」(1885 指),拉丁 addictus「被判给(债主)的、债奴」,addicere「判给、让出」,ad-(向)+dicere(说/判);「被交给(某事物)的人」。
名 上瘾者 动 使入迷/成瘾
▪ He is a video game addict.
他是个电子游戏迷。
▪ They tried to help the addict.
他们试图帮助那个成瘾者。
▪ The show addicts many viewers.
这部剧让许多观众入迷。
▪ She became a coffee addict.
她对咖啡上了瘾。
上瘾的,入迷的
addict 的过去分词形容词;be addicted to。
形 上瘾的,入迷的
▪ He is addicted to sugar.
他对糖上了瘾。
▪ They are addicted to phones.
他们沉迷于手机。
▪ She became addicted to running.
她迷上了跑步。
▪ The addicted player sought help.
那个上瘾的玩家寻求帮助。
瘾,沉迷
16c. 拉丁 addictio「判给(为奴)」,addicere 的名词;现代「成瘾」。
名 瘾,沉迷
▪ They fought his addiction.
他们帮他戒瘾。
▪ Phone addiction affects many.
手机成瘾影响着许多人。
▪ She overcame her addiction.
她戒掉了瘾。
▪ They studied drug addiction.
他们研究药物成瘾。
使人上瘾的
1939 addict+-ive;「会让人把自己交出去的」。
形 使人上瘾的
▪ The game is highly addictive.
这款游戏极易让人上瘾。
▪ The drug proved addictive.
这种药被证明会成瘾。
▪ She warned of addictive games.
她警告那些易上瘾的游戏。
▪ The snack was addictive.
这种零食让人越吃越想吃。
条件;状况;决定,制约
13c. 古法 condition,拉丁 condicionem/condictio「约定、协议」,condicere「谈妥、约定」,con-(一起)+dicere(说);「共同谈定的(前提)」。
名 条件 动 状况 动 决定,制约
▪ The car is in good condition.
这辆车状况良好。
▪ They agreed on one condition.
他们在一个条件下同意。
▪ Her heart condition needs care.
她的心脏状况需要照料。
▪ They conditioned the dogs to sit.
他们训练狗坐下。
反驳;与…矛盾
1560s 拉丁 contradicere「反对着说、顶嘴」,contra-(相反)+dicere(说)。
动 反驳;与…矛盾
▪ The facts contradict his story.
事实与他的说法相矛盾。
▪ She dared not contradict the boss.
她不敢反驳老板。
▪ Their results contradict each other.
他们的结果互相矛盾。
▪ He contradicted himself.
他自相矛盾。
奉献;致力于;为…题献
15c. 拉丁 dedicare「郑重宣告分出、献祭、题献」,de-(完全/离开)+dicare(宣告、指定,*deik-)。
动 奉献;致力于;为…题献
▪ They dedicated the bridge to workers.
他们把这座桥献给工人。
▪ She dedicated herself to the cause.
她献身于这项事业。
▪ He dedicated the book to his wife.
他把这本书题献给他的妻子。
▪ They dedicated time to study.
他们投入时间学习。
专注的,献身的;专用的
dedicate 的过去分词形容词。
形 专注的,献身的;专用的
▪ She is a dedicated teacher.
她是一位敬业的老师。
▪ They built a dedicated server.
他们搭建了专用服务器。
▪ The team stayed dedicated.
团队始终专注投入。
▪ He dedicated hours to the task.
他为这项任务投入了数小时。
口述;命令,规定
1590s 拉丁 dictare「反复说、口述、命令」(dicere 的频繁式 dict-+-are);「口授让人记」「专断地规定」。
动 口述 名 命令,规定
▪ She dictated a letter to her assistant.
她向助手口授一封信。
▪ They dictated the terms of surrender.
他们规定了投降条款。
▪ Price dictates demand.
价格决定需求。
▪ He dictated orders to the staff.
他向员工下达命令。
词典,字典
1520s 中世纪拉丁 dictionarium「词/说法集」,dictio(说法)+-arium(场所/集);约翰生《词典》后普及。
名 词典,字典
▪ She looked up the word in the dictionary.
她在词典里查这个词。
▪ They bought a Spanish dictionary.
他们买了一本西班牙语词典。
▪ The dictionary has ten thousand words.
这本词典收录一万个词。
▪ He used an online dictionary.
他使用在线词典。
数字的,数码的;手指的
15c. 拉丁 digitalis「像手指宽的」,digitus(手指)+-al;1938 起指「数字(式)的」(对 analog 模拟)。
形 数字的,数码的;手指的
▪ They bought a digital camera.
他们买了一台数码相机。
▪ She keeps a digital diary.
她写电子日记。
▪ The digital clock showed ten.
电子钟显示十点。
▪ They switched to digital TV.
他们换成了数字电视。
索引;指数;食指;为…编索引
14c. 拉丁 index(属格 indicis)「指示者、食指、目录」,in-+dic-/dex(*deik- 展示);复数 indexes/indices。
名 索引 动 指数 动 食指 动 为…编索引
▪ They looked in the book index.
他们查了书后的索引。
▪ The price index rose.
价格指数上升了。
▪ She pressed the index finger.
她按了按食指。
▪ They indexed the articles.
他们给文章编了索引。
表明,指示;象征
1650s 拉丁 indicare「指出、显示」,in-(向、对)+dicare(宣告/展示)+-are。
动 表明,指示;象征
▪ The signs indicate the exit.
指示牌指向出口。
▪ She indicated a clear trend.
她指出了明显的趋势。
▪ His tone indicated doubt.
他的语气显出怀疑。
▪ They indicated their agreement.
他们表示同意。
法官;裁判;判断,评判
14c. 古法 juge,拉丁 judex(属格 judicem)「法官、裁判」,jus(法,*yewes-)+dicere(说);「说法者」;动词 judicare 判断。
名 法官 动 裁判 动 判断,评判
▪ The judge listened to the case.
法官审理此案。
▪ They judged the baking contest.
他们担任烘焙比赛的评委。
▪ Do not judge others too fast.
不要太快评判别人。
▪ She judged him by his actions.
她根据他的行为判断他。
判断(力);判决;看法
13c. judge+-ment;「裁判的行为/结果」。英式 judgement、美式 judgment。
名 判断(力);判决;看法
▪ They trusted her judgment.
他们信任她的判断力。
▪ The judge gave the judgment.
法官作出了判决。
▪ He questioned their judgment.
他质疑他们的判断。
▪ She acted with good judgment.
她判断明智地行事。
布道,讲道;鼓吹
13c. 古法 prechier,拉丁 praedicare「公开宣告、宣讲」,prae-(公开)+dicare;「布道、说教」。
动 布道,讲道;鼓吹
▪ They preached in the square.
他们在广场布道。
▪ She preached about honesty.
她宣扬诚实。
▪ He preached patience to the team.
他劝导团队要有耐心。
▪ They preached a message of hope.
他们传讲希望的信息。
预测,预言
17c. 拉丁 praedicere「预先说」,prae-(预先)+dicere(说)。
动 预测,预言
▪ They predicted rain.
他们预报有雨。
▪ She predicted the result.
她预测了结果。
▪ Scientists predict a rise in temperature.
科学家预测气温会上升。
▪ No one predicted the crash.
没人预料到这次崩溃。
可预测的,意料之中的
1771 predict+-able;「可被预先说出的」。
形 可预测的,意料之中的
▪ The ending was predictable.
结局在意料之中。
▪ They gave a predictable answer.
他们给出了意料之中的回答。
▪ His reaction was predictable.
他的反应不出所料。
▪ The plot felt predictable.
情节显得老套。
偏见;损害;使有偏见
13c. 古法 prejudice,拉丁 praeiudicium「预先判断、不公正」,prae-(预先)+judicium(判断);「未审先判」。
名 偏见 动 损害 动 使有偏见
▪ They fought racial prejudice.
他们反对种族偏见。
▪ She spoke against prejudice.
她发言反对偏见。
▪ The verdict showed prejudice.
判决带有偏见。
▪ They overcame old prejudices.
他们克服了旧的偏见。
报复,复仇
14c. 古法 revengier,re-(强调/回)+vengier(vindicare 惩罚);「回敬式惩罚」。
动 报复,复仇
▪ He wanted revenge on his rivals.
他想向对手报复。
▪ They took revenge for the insult.
他们为受辱而报复。
▪ She swore revenge.
她发誓要复仇。
▪ The team sought revenge.
这支队伍寻求复仇。
教,讲授;教导
古英语 tæcan「展示、指点、教」,原始日耳曼 *taikjan「展示」(*deik-);「把东西指给人看→教」。
动 教,讲授;教导
▪ She teaches math.
她教数学。
▪ They taught the children to read.
他们教孩子们读书。
▪ He taught them a lesson.
他给他们一个教训。
▪ The experience taught her patience.
这次经历教会她耐心。
脚趾;(鞋/袜)头部
古英语 ta(复数 tan)「脚趾、手指」,原始日耳曼 *taihwo,*deik-「指」;「用来指/点的部位」。
名 脚趾;(鞋/袜)头部
▪ She stubbed her toe.
她踢伤了脚趾。
▪ The dog wagged its tail and tapped a toe.
狗摇着尾巴,轻叩着爪子。
▪ He tightened the toe of his boot.
他系紧靴头。
▪ She dipped her toes in the water.
她把脚趾浸进水里。
标志,象征;代币;象征性的
古英语 tacen「符号、征兆」,原始日耳曼 *taiknam(*deik-「展示」);「用来展示/代表之物」。
名 标志,象征 形 代币 形 象征性的
▪ They gave her a gift token.
他们给了她一张礼券。
▪ The gift is a token of thanks.
这份礼物是感谢的象征。
▪ He left a token tip.
他留了一笔象征性的小费。
▪ They used subway tokens.
他们使用地铁代币。
不可预测的,变幻莫测的
un-(不)+predictable。
形 不可预测的,变幻莫测的
▪ The weather here is unpredictable.
这里的天气变幻莫测。
▪ He has an unpredictable temper.
他脾气变幻莫测。
▪ The result was unpredictable.
结果无法预料。
▪ They faced an unpredictable future.
他们面对难以预测的未来。
裁决,判决;定论
1530s(c.1300 verdit)盎格鲁法语 verdit「真实陈述」,ver(verus 真,*were-o-)+dit(dire/dicere 说的分词);「陪审团说出的真相」。
名 裁决,判决;定论
▪ The jury reached a verdict.
陪审团作出了裁决。
▪ They waited for the verdict.
他们等待判决。
▪ The verdict shocked the court.
判决震惊了法庭。
▪ She gave her verdict on the film.
她对这部影片给出了定论。
措辞,用语;发音法
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 措辞,用语;发音法
▪ The whole diction took several hours to complete.
整个措辞过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper diction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的措辞至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of diction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了措辞的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the diction.
经理就措辞写了一份清晰的报告。
口述;听写;命令
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 口述;听写;命令
▪ The whole dictation took several hours to complete.
整个口述过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper dictation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的口述至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of dictation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了口述的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the dictation.
经理就口述写了一份清晰的报告。
独裁者;(罗马)独裁官
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 独裁者;(罗马)独裁官
▪ The dictator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位独裁者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained dictator knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的独裁者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced dictator for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的独裁者。
▪ The dictator answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,独裁者回答了记者的提问。
独裁的,专横的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 独裁的,专横的
▪ The new rule will be dictatorial for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是独裁的。
▪ They considered the plan dictatorial after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是独裁的。
▪ The manager gave a dictatorial answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个独裁的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be dictatorial before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是独裁的的。
独裁(政权),专政
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 独裁(政权),专政
▪ The whole dictatorship took several hours to complete.
整个独裁过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper dictatorship is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的独裁至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of dictatorship with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了独裁的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the dictatorship.
经理就独裁写了一份清晰的报告。
格言,名言;正式声明
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 格言,名言;正式声明
▪ The dictum is widely used in this kind of work.
格言在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the dictum in a safe place after use.
用后请把格言放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the dictum to the entrance of the building.
团队把格言搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable dictum at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的格言。
法令,敕令,布告
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 法令,敕令,布告
▪ The edict is widely used in this kind of work.
法令在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the edict in a safe place after use.
用后请把法令放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the edict to the entrance of the building.
团队把法令搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable edict at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的法令。
起诉,控告(法律)
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 起诉,控告(法律)
▪ The indict is widely used in this kind of work.
起诉在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the indict in a safe place after use.
用后请把起诉放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the indict to the entrance of the building.
团队把起诉搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable indict at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的起诉。
可被起诉的,(罪)应公诉的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 可被起诉的,(罪)应公诉的
▪ The new rule will be indictable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可被起诉的。
▪ They considered the plan indictable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可被起诉的。
▪ The manager gave a indictable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可被起诉的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be indictable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可被起诉的的。
起诉,起诉书;控诉,谴责
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 起诉,起诉书;控诉,谴责
▪ The whole indictment took several hours to complete.
整个起诉过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper indictment is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的起诉至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of indictment with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了起诉的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the indictment.
经理就起诉写了一份清晰的报告。
同上,同前;同上符号
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 同上,同前;同上符号
▪ The ditto is widely used in this kind of work.
同上在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the ditto in a safe place after use.
用后请把同上放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the ditto to the entrance of the building.
团队把同上搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable ditto at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的同上。
小曲,短歌
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 小曲,短歌
▪ The ditty is widely used in this kind of work.
小曲在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the ditty in a safe place after use.
用后请把小曲放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the ditty to the entrance of the building.
团队把小曲搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable ditty at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的小曲。
撰写,作(诗文/信)
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 撰写,作(诗文/信)
▪ The indite is widely used in this kind of work.
撰写在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the indite in a safe place after use.
用后请把撰写放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the indite to the entrance of the building.
团队把撰写搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable indite at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的撰写。
预测,预言
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 预测,预言
▪ The whole prediction took several hours to complete.
整个预测过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper prediction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的预测至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of prediction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了预测的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the prediction.
经理就预测写了一份清晰的报告。
可预料地,果然
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
副 可预料地,果然
▪ The team predictably finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前可预料地完成了任务。
▪ She predictably checked the results and then signed the form.
她可预料地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were predictably changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被可预料地修改了。
▪ He spoke predictably so that everyone could understand.
他可预料地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
可预测性
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 可预测性
▪ The whole predictability took several hours to complete.
整个可预测性过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper predictability is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的可预测性至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of predictability with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了可预测性的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the predictability.
经理就可预测性写了一份清晰的报告。
预测的,预言性的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 预测的,预言性的
▪ The new rule will be predictive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是预测的。
▪ They considered the plan predictive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是预测的。
▪ The manager gave a predictive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个预测的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be predictive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是预测的的。
预测者;预测因素/变量
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 预测者;预测因素/变量
▪ The predictor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位预测者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained predictor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的预测者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced predictor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的预测者。
▪ The predictor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,预测者回答了记者的提问。
变幻莫测地
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
副 变幻莫测地
▪ The team unpredictably finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前变幻莫测地完成了任务。
▪ She unpredictably checked the results and then signed the form.
她变幻莫测地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were unpredictably changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被变幻莫测地修改了。
▪ He spoke unpredictably so that everyone could understand.
他变幻莫测地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
不可预测性,无常
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 不可预测性,无常
▪ The whole unpredictability took several hours to complete.
整个不可预测性过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper unpredictability is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的不可预测性至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of unpredictability with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了不可预测性的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the unpredictability.
经理就不可预测性写了一份清晰的报告。
矛盾;反驳
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 矛盾;反驳
▪ The whole contradiction took several hours to complete.
整个矛盾过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper contradiction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的矛盾至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of contradiction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了矛盾的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the contradiction.
经理就矛盾写了一份清晰的报告。
矛盾的,相互对立的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 矛盾的,相互对立的
▪ The new rule will be contradictory for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是矛盾的。
▪ They considered the plan contradictory after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是矛盾的。
▪ The manager gave a contradictory answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个矛盾的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be contradictory before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是矛盾的的。
矛盾地,相反地
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
副 矛盾地,相反地
▪ The team contradictorily finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前矛盾地完成了任务。
▪ She contradictorily checked the results and then signed the form.
她矛盾地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were contradictorily changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被矛盾地修改了。
▪ He spoke contradictorily so that everyone could understand.
他矛盾地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
(医学)禁忌,显示不宜
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
动 (医学)禁忌,显示不宜
▪ The manager decided to contraindicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前禁忌这个问题。
▪ She will contraindicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去禁忌这项任务。
▪ They need to contraindicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要禁忌这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to contraindicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就禁忌了计划。
(医学)禁忌证
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 (医学)禁忌证
▪ The whole contraindication took several hours to complete.
整个禁忌证过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper contraindication is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的禁忌证至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of contraindication with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了禁忌证的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the contraindication.
经理就禁忌证写了一份清晰的报告。
迹象,表明;指示
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 迹象,表明;指示
▪ The whole indication took several hours to complete.
整个迹象过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper indication is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的迹象至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of indication with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了迹象的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the indication.
经理就迹象写了一份清晰的报告。
指示器;指标,指示物
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 指示器;指标,指示物
▪ The indicator is widely used in this kind of work.
指示器在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the indicator in a safe place after use.
用后请把指示器放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the indicator to the entrance of the building.
团队把指示器搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable indicator at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的指示器。
表明…的;(语法)陈述的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 表明…的;(语法)陈述的
▪ The new rule will be indicative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是表明…的。
▪ They considered the plan indicative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是表明…的。
▪ The manager gave a indicative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个表明…的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be indicative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是表明…的的。
(与物价指数)挂钩,指数化
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 (与物价指数)挂钩,指数化
▪ The whole indexation took several hours to complete.
整个挂钩过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper indexation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的挂钩至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of indexation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了挂钩的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the indexation.
经理就挂钩写了一份清晰的报告。
索引的;(语言学)指示语
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 索引的;(语言学)指示语
▪ The new rule will be indexical for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是索引的。
▪ They considered the plan indexical after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是索引的。
▪ The manager gave a indexical answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个索引的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be indexical before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是索引的的。
奉献;献身;题献词
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 奉献;献身;题献词
▪ The whole dedication took several hours to complete.
整个奉献过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper dedication is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的奉献至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of dedication with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了奉献的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the dedication.
经理就奉献写了一份清晰的报告。
退位;放弃(责任)
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
动 退位;放弃(责任)
▪ The manager decided to abdicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前退位这个问题。
▪ She will abdicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去退位这项任务。
▪ They need to abdicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要退位这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to abdicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就退位了计划。
退位;放弃(职责)
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 退位;放弃(职责)
▪ The whole abdication took several hours to complete.
整个退位过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper abdication is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的退位至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of abdication with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了退位的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the abdication.
经理就退位写了一份清晰的报告。
禁止,封锁;禁令
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 禁止,封锁;禁令
▪ The interdict is widely used in this kind of work.
禁止在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the interdict in a safe place after use.
用后请把禁止放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the interdict to the entrance of the building.
团队把禁止搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable interdict at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的禁止。
禁止,封锁;(军事)遮断
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 禁止,封锁;(军事)遮断
▪ The whole interdiction took several hours to complete.
整个禁止过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper interdiction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的禁止至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of interdiction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了禁止的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the interdiction.
经理就禁止写了一份清晰的报告。
谓语;断言,基于
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
动 谓语;断言,基于
▪ The manager decided to predicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前谓语这个问题。
▪ She will predicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去谓语这项任务。
▪ They need to predicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要谓语这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to predicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就谓语了计划。
(语法)谓语性的;断定的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 (语法)谓语性的;断定的
▪ The new rule will be predicative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是谓语性的。
▪ They considered the plan predicative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是谓语性的。
▪ The manager gave a predicative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个谓语性的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be predicative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是谓语性的的。
困境,窘境;(古)范畴
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 困境,窘境;(古)范畴
▪ The whole predicament took several hours to complete.
整个困境过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper predicament is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的困境至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of predicament with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了困境的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the predicament.
经理就困境写了一份清晰的报告。
祝福,赐福祷告
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 祝福,赐福祷告
▪ The whole benediction took several hours to complete.
整个祝福过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper benediction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的祝福至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of benediction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了祝福的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the benediction.
经理就祝福写了一份清晰的报告。
祝福的,赐福的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 祝福的,赐福的
▪ The new rule will be benedictory for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是祝福的。
▪ They considered the plan benedictory after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是祝福的。
▪ The manager gave a benedictory answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个祝福的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be benedictory before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是祝福的的。
诅咒,咒骂
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 诅咒,咒骂
▪ The whole malediction took several hours to complete.
整个诅咒过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper malediction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的诅咒至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of malediction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了诅咒的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the malediction.
经理就诅咒写了一份清晰的报告。
告别;告别辞
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 告别;告别辞
▪ The whole valediction took several hours to complete.
整个告别过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper valediction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的告别至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of valediction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了告别的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the valediction.
经理就告别写了一份清晰的报告。
(毕业典礼)致告别辞的最优生
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 (毕业典礼)致告别辞的最优生
▪ The valedictorian arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位致告别辞的最优生比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained valedictorian knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的致告别辞的最优生知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced valedictorian for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的致告别辞的最优生。
▪ The valedictorian answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,致告别辞的最优生回答了记者的提问。
告别的;告别辞
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 告别的;告别辞
▪ The new rule will be valedictory for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是告别的。
▪ They considered the plan valedictory after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是告别的。
▪ The manager gave a valedictory answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个告别的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be valedictory before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是告别的的。
证明无罪;平反;证实…正确
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
动 证明无罪;平反;证实…正确
▪ The manager decided to vindicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前证明无罪这个问题。
▪ She will vindicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去证明无罪这项任务。
▪ They need to vindicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要证明无罪这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to vindicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就证明无罪了计划。
被证明正确的,昭雪的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 被证明正确的,昭雪的
▪ The new rule will be vindicated for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是被证明正确的。
▪ They considered the plan vindicated after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是被证明正确的。
▪ The manager gave a vindicated answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个被证明正确的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be vindicated before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是被证明正确的的。
平反,昭雪;证实
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 平反,昭雪;证实
▪ The whole vindication took several hours to complete.
整个平反过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper vindication is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的平反至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of vindication with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了平反的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the vindication.
经理就平反写了一份清晰的报告。
报复性的,怀恨的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 报复性的,怀恨的
▪ The new rule will be vindictive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是报复性的。
▪ They considered the plan vindictive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是报复性的。
▪ The manager gave a vindictive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个报复性的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be vindictive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是报复性的的。
报复性地,怀恨地
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
副 报复性地,怀恨地
▪ The team vindictively finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前报复性地完成了任务。
▪ She vindictively checked the results and then signed the form.
她报复性地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were vindictively changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被报复性地修改了。
▪ He spoke vindictively so that everyone could understand.
他报复性地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
报复心,记仇
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 报复心,记仇
▪ The whole vindictiveness took several hours to complete.
整个报复心过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper vindictiveness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的报复心至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of vindictiveness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了报复心的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the vindictiveness.
经理就报复心写了一份清晰的报告。
为…报仇,复仇
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 为…报仇,复仇
▪ The avenge is widely used in this kind of work.
为…报仇在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the avenge in a safe place after use.
用后请把为…报仇放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the avenge to the entrance of the building.
团队把为…报仇搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable avenge at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的为…报仇。
世仇,宿怨;仇杀
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 世仇,宿怨;仇杀
▪ The vendetta is widely used in this kind of work.
世仇在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the vendetta in a safe place after use.
用后请把世仇放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the vendetta to the entrance of the building.
团队把世仇搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable vendetta at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的世仇。
爱评判的,动辄指责的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 爱评判的,动辄指责的
▪ The new rule will be judgmental for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是爱评判的。
▪ They considered the plan judgmental after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是爱评判的。
▪ The manager gave a judgmental answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个爱评判的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be judgmental before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是爱评判的的。
(法庭)宣判,判归
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 (法庭)宣判,判归
▪ The adjudge is widely used in this kind of work.
宣判在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the adjudge in a safe place after use.
用后请把宣判放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the adjudge to the entrance of the building.
团队把宣判搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable adjudge at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的宣判。
判决,裁决;评审
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
动 判决,裁决;评审
▪ The manager decided to adjudicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前判决这个问题。
▪ She will adjudicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去判决这项任务。
▪ They need to adjudicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要判决这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to adjudicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就判决了计划。
判决,裁定;(破产)审理
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 判决,裁定;(破产)审理
▪ The whole adjudication took several hours to complete.
整个判决过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper adjudication is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的判决至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of adjudication with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了判决的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the adjudication.
经理就判决写了一份清晰的报告。
裁决者,评委
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 裁决者,评委
▪ The adjudicator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位裁决者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained adjudicator knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的裁决者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced adjudicator for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的裁决者。
▪ The adjudicator answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,裁决者回答了记者的提问。
司法的,法庭的;公正的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 司法的,法庭的;公正的
▪ The new rule will be judicial for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是司法的。
▪ They considered the plan judicial after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是司法的。
▪ The manager gave a judicial answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个司法的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be judicial before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是司法的的。
司法上,经法庭
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
副 司法上,经法庭
▪ The team judicially finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前司法上完成了任务。
▪ She judicially checked the results and then signed the form.
她司法上核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were judicially changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被司法上修改了。
▪ He spoke judicially so that everyone could understand.
他司法上发言,好让每个人都听懂。
司法部(系统);司法的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 司法部(系统);司法的
▪ The judiciary is widely used in this kind of work.
司法部在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the judiciary in a safe place after use.
用后请把司法部放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the judiciary to the entrance of the building.
团队把司法部搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable judiciary at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的司法部。
明智的,有见地的,审慎的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 明智的,有见地的,审慎的
▪ The new rule will be judicious for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是明智的。
▪ They considered the plan judicious after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是明智的。
▪ The manager gave a judicious answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个明智的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be judicious before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是明智的的。
明智地,审慎地
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
副 明智地,审慎地
▪ The team judiciously finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前明智地完成了任务。
▪ She judiciously checked the results and then signed the form.
她明智地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were judiciously changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被明智地修改了。
▪ He spoke judiciously so that everyone could understand.
他明智地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
不明智的,欠考虑的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 不明智的,欠考虑的
▪ The new rule will be injudicious for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不明智的。
▪ They considered the plan injudicious after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不明智的。
▪ The manager gave a injudicious answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不明智的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be injudicious before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不明智的的。
管辖权,司法权;管辖范围
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 管辖权,司法权;管辖范围
▪ The whole jurisdiction took several hours to complete.
整个管辖权过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper jurisdiction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的管辖权至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of jurisdiction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了管辖权的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the jurisdiction.
经理就管辖权写了一份清晰的报告。
管辖权的,司法权的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 管辖权的,司法权的
▪ The new rule will be jurisdictional for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是管辖权的。
▪ They considered the plan jurisdictional after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是管辖权的。
▪ The manager gave a jurisdictional answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个管辖权的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be jurisdictional before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是管辖权的的。
司法的,法律上的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 司法的,法律上的
▪ The new rule will be juridical for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是司法的。
▪ They considered the plan juridical after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是司法的。
▪ The manager gave a juridical answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个司法的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be juridical before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是司法的的。
法庭外的,司法程序外的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 法庭外的,司法程序外的
▪ The new rule will be extrajudicial for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是法庭外的。
▪ They considered the plan extrajudicial after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是法庭外的。
▪ The manager gave a extrajudicial answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个法庭外的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be extrajudicial before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是法庭外的的。
有害的,不利的;引起偏见的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 有害的,不利的;引起偏见的
▪ The new rule will be prejudicial for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有害的。
▪ They considered the plan prejudicial after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有害的。
▪ The manager gave a prejudicial answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有害的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be prejudicial before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有害的的。
预先判断,未审先判
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 预先判断,未审先判
▪ The prejudge is widely used in this kind of work.
预先判断在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the prejudge in a safe place after use.
用后请把预先判断放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the prejudge to the entrance of the building.
团队把预先判断搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable prejudge at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的预先判断。
判断错误,看错;误判
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 判断错误,看错;误判
▪ The misjudge is widely used in this kind of work.
判断错误在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the misjudge in a safe place after use.
用后请把判断错误放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the misjudge to the entrance of the building.
团队把判断错误搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable misjudge at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的判断错误。
不评判的,不指摘的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 不评判的,不指摘的
▪ The new rule will be nonjudgmental for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不评判的。
▪ They considered the plan nonjudgmental after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不评判的。
▪ The manager gave a nonjudgmental answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不评判的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be nonjudgmental before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不评判的的。
范式,典范;(语法)词形变化表
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 范式,典范;(语法)词形变化表
▪ The paradigm is widely used in this kind of work.
范式在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the paradigm in a safe place after use.
用后请把范式放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the paradigm to the entrance of the building.
团队把范式搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable paradigm at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的范式。
范式的,典型的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 范式的,典型的
▪ The new rule will be paradigmatic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是范式的。
▪ They considered the plan paradigmatic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是范式的。
▪ The manager gave a paradigmatic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个范式的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be paradigmatic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是范式的的。
无可辩驳的,必然真实的(逻辑)
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 无可辩驳的,必然真实的(逻辑)
▪ The new rule will be apodictic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是无可辩驳的。
▪ They considered the plan apodictic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是无可辩驳的。
▪ The manager gave a apodictic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个无可辩驳的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be apodictic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是无可辩驳的的。
指示的;指示词(语言学)
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 指示的;指示词(语言学)
▪ The new rule will be deictic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是指示的。
▪ They considered the plan deictic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是指示的。
▪ The manager gave a deictic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个指示的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be deictic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是指示的的。
指示(功能),指称(语言学)
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 指示(功能),指称(语言学)
▪ The deixis is widely used in this kind of work.
指示在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the deixis in a safe place after use.
用后请把指示放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the deixis to the entrance of the building.
团队把指示搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable deixis at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的指示。
辛迪加,企业联合;报业联盟;联合经营
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
动 辛迪加,企业联合;报业联盟;联合经营
▪ The manager decided to syndicate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前辛迪加这个问题。
▪ She will syndicate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去辛迪加这项任务。
▪ They need to syndicate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要辛迪加这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to syndicate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就辛迪加了计划。
联合经营;(节目)联卖/辛迪加播出
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 联合经营;(节目)联卖/辛迪加播出
▪ The whole syndication took several hours to complete.
整个联合经营过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper syndication is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的联合经营至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of syndication with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了联合经营的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the syndication.
经理就联合经营写了一份清晰的报告。
数字(0–9);手指,脚趾
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 数字(0–9);手指,脚趾
▪ The digit is widely used in this kind of work.
数字在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the digit in a safe place after use.
用后请把数字放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the digit to the entrance of the building.
团队把数字搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable digit at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的数字。
圆盘;磁盘,光盘;椎间盘
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 圆盘;磁盘,光盘;椎间盘
▪ The disk is widely used in this kind of work.
圆盘在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the disk in a safe place after use.
用后请把圆盘放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the disk to the entrance of the building.
团队把圆盘搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable disk at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的圆盘。
预示,是…的征兆
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
形 预示,是…的征兆
▪ The new rule will be betoken for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是预示。
▪ They considered the plan betoken after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是预示。
▪ The manager gave a betoken answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个预示的答复。
▪ Every solution must be betoken before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是预示的。
ous
吹毛求疵的,爱反驳的
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:contradicti + ous
形 吹毛求疵的,爱反驳的
▪ The new rule will be contradictious for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是吹毛求疵的。
▪ They considered the plan contradictious after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是吹毛求疵的。
▪ The manager gave a contradictious answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个吹毛求疵的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be contradictious before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是吹毛求疵的的。
断言;论断;(语法)谓项
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 断言;论断;(语法)谓项
▪ The predication is widely used in this kind of work.
断言在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the predication in a safe place after use.
用后请把断言放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the predication to the entrance of the building.
团队把断言搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable predication at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的断言。
(某些欧洲国家的)地方行政官员;(大学或其他机构的)商业代表
拉丁词根 dic/dict 派生:dic/dict
名 (某些欧洲国家的)地方行政官员;(大学或其他机构的)商业代表
▪ The syndic arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位地方行政官员比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained syndic knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的地方行政官员知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced syndic for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的地方行政官员。
▪ The syndic answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,地方行政官员回答了记者的提问。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
注意:teach/token 与 dict-
teach、token、toe 是日耳曼本族词(*deik-→*taikjan,「指出/显示」);dictate、predict 是拉丁借词。三者同 PIE *deik- 但走了两条路。
judge 的构成
拉丁 jūdicāre=jūs「法」+dīcere「说」=「依法裁断」;故 judge/judicial 与 dict- 同根。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *deik-(to say, point out)
│
├─ 拉丁 dīcō · dīcere · dīxī · dictum(第三变位,-x- 完成)
│ ├─ 现在词干 dic-:predict · indicate · dedicate · vindicate
│ ├─ 分词词干 dict-:dictate · dictionary · dictionary · contradict · verdict
│ └─ jūs+dīcere → judge · judgment · prejudice
│
├─ 希腊 deiknūmi(δείκνυμι,显示):demon · diet
│
└─ 日耳曼 *taikjan:英语 teach/token/toe(本族同根)
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 dic-/dict- 同根,以 -x- 完成与日耳曼 teach 同源为决定性证据。
三词干
dic-/dīx-/dict- 同根;predict、dictate 分别挂两词干。
jūdicāre→jugier / -t-
古法 d-→j-;-x- 完成。
25 词闭环
本页 25 词都由 dic-/dict- 加 -ion/-ate/-ary 或前缀复合生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
N · 日耳曼 teach(本族)
teach
英语 teach/token/toe(*deik-→*taikjan)本族同根
G · 希腊 deiknūmi(显示)
deikn-
demon「精灵」· diet「饮食」(dia+aita)
一屏速记 · 109 词
名 上瘾者;动 使入迷/成瘾
构ad- / dict
例He is a video game addict
形 上瘾的,入迷的
构ad- / dict / -ed
例He is addicted to sugar
名 瘾,沉迷
构ad- / dict / -ion
例They fought his addiction
形 使人上瘾的
构ad- / dict / -ive
例The game is highly addictive
名 条件;动 状况;动 决定,制约
构con- / dict
例The car is in good condition
动 反驳;与…矛盾
构contra- / dict
例The facts contradict his story
动 奉献;致力于;为…题献
构de- / dic / -ate
例They dedicated the bridge to workers
形 专注的,献身的;专用的
构dedicate / -ed
例She is a dedicated teacher
动 口述;名 命令,规定
构dict / -ate
例She dictated a letter to her assistant
名 词典,字典
构diction / -ary
例She looked up the word in the
形 数字的,数码的;手指的
构digit / -al
例They bought a digital camera
名 索引;动 指数;动 食指;动 为…编索引
构in- / dex
例They looked in the book index
动 表明,指示;象征
构in- / dic / -ate
例The signs indicate the exit
名 法官;动 裁判;动 判断,评判
构jus / dicere
例The judge listened to the case
名 判断(力);判决;看法
构judge / -ment
例They trusted her judgment
动 布道,讲道;鼓吹
构praedicare
例They preached in the square
动 预测,预言
构pre- / dict
例They predicted rain
形 可预测的,意料之中的
构pre- / dict / -able
例The ending was predictable
名 偏见;动 损害;动 使有偏见
构pre- / judic
例They fought racial prejudice
动 报复,复仇
构re- / venge
例He wanted revenge on his rivals
动 教,讲授;教导
构
例She teaches math
名 脚趾;(鞋/袜)头部
构
例She stubbed her toe
名 标志,象征;形 代币;形 象征性的
构
例They gave her a gift token
形 不可预测的,变幻莫测的
构un- / predictable
例The weather here is unpredictable
名 裁决,判决;定论
构ver / dict
例The jury reached a verdict
名 措辞,用语;发音法
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole diction took several hours to complete.
名 口述;听写;命令
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole dictation took several hours to complete.
名 独裁者;(罗马)独裁官
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The dictator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 独裁的,专横的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be dictatorial for everyone in the group.
名 独裁(政权),专政
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole dictatorship took several hours to complete.
名 格言,名言;正式声明
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The dictum is widely used in this kind of work.
名 法令,敕令,布告
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The edict is widely used in this kind of work.
名 起诉,控告(法律)
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The indict is widely used in this kind of work.
形 可被起诉的,(罪)应公诉的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be indictable for everyone in the group.
名 起诉,起诉书;控诉,谴责
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole indictment took several hours to complete.
名 同上,同前;同上符号
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The ditto is widely used in this kind of work.
名 小曲,短歌
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The ditty is widely used in this kind of work.
名 撰写,作(诗文/信)
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The indite is widely used in this kind of work.
名 预测,预言
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole prediction took several hours to complete.
副 可预料地,果然
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The team predictably finished the task before the deadline.
名 可预测性
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole predictability took several hours to complete.
形 预测的,预言性的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be predictive for everyone in the group.
名 预测者;预测因素/变量
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The predictor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
副 变幻莫测地
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The team unpredictably finished the task before the deadline.
名 不可预测性,无常
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole unpredictability took several hours to complete.
名 矛盾;反驳
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole contradiction took several hours to complete.
形 矛盾的,相互对立的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be contradictory for everyone in the group.
副 矛盾地,相反地
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The team contradictorily finished the task before the deadline.
动 (医学)禁忌,显示不宜
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The manager decided to contraindicate the problem before the meeting.
名 (医学)禁忌证
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole contraindication took several hours to complete.
名 迹象,表明;指示
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole indication took several hours to complete.
名 指示器;指标,指示物
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The indicator is widely used in this kind of work.
形 表明…的;(语法)陈述的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be indicative for everyone in the group.
名 (与物价指数)挂钩,指数化
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole indexation took several hours to complete.
形 索引的;(语言学)指示语
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be indexical for everyone in the group.
名 奉献;献身;题献词
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole dedication took several hours to complete.
动 退位;放弃(责任)
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The manager decided to abdicate the problem before the meeting.
名 退位;放弃(职责)
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole abdication took several hours to complete.
名 禁止,封锁;禁令
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The interdict is widely used in this kind of work.
名 禁止,封锁;(军事)遮断
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole interdiction took several hours to complete.
动 谓语;断言,基于
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The manager decided to predicate the problem before the meeting.
形 (语法)谓语性的;断定的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be predicative for everyone in the group.
名 困境,窘境;(古)范畴
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole predicament took several hours to complete.
名 祝福,赐福祷告
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole benediction took several hours to complete.
形 祝福的,赐福的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be benedictory for everyone in the group.
名 诅咒,咒骂
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole malediction took several hours to complete.
名 告别;告别辞
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole valediction took several hours to complete.
名 (毕业典礼)致告别辞的最优生
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The valedictorian arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 告别的;告别辞
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be valedictory for everyone in the group.
动 证明无罪;平反;证实…正确
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The manager decided to vindicate the problem before the meeting.
形 被证明正确的,昭雪的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be vindicated for everyone in the group.
名 平反,昭雪;证实
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole vindication took several hours to complete.
形 报复性的,怀恨的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be vindictive for everyone in the group.
副 报复性地,怀恨地
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The team vindictively finished the task before the deadline.
名 报复心,记仇
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole vindictiveness took several hours to complete.
名 为…报仇,复仇
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The avenge is widely used in this kind of work.
名 世仇,宿怨;仇杀
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The vendetta is widely used in this kind of work.
形 爱评判的,动辄指责的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be judgmental for everyone in the group.
名 (法庭)宣判,判归
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The adjudge is widely used in this kind of work.
动 判决,裁决;评审
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The manager decided to adjudicate the problem before the meeting.
名 判决,裁定;(破产)审理
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole adjudication took several hours to complete.
名 裁决者,评委
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The adjudicator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 司法的,法庭的;公正的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be judicial for everyone in the group.
副 司法上,经法庭
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The team judicially finished the task before the deadline.
名 司法部(系统);司法的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The judiciary is widely used in this kind of work.
形 明智的,有见地的,审慎的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be judicious for everyone in the group.
副 明智地,审慎地
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The team judiciously finished the task before the deadline.
形 不明智的,欠考虑的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be injudicious for everyone in the group.
名 管辖权,司法权;管辖范围
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole jurisdiction took several hours to complete.
形 管辖权的,司法权的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be jurisdictional for everyone in the group.
形 司法的,法律上的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be juridical for everyone in the group.
形 法庭外的,司法程序外的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be extrajudicial for everyone in the group.
形 有害的,不利的;引起偏见的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be prejudicial for everyone in the group.
名 预先判断,未审先判
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The prejudge is widely used in this kind of work.
名 判断错误,看错;误判
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The misjudge is widely used in this kind of work.
形 不评判的,不指摘的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be nonjudgmental for everyone in the group.
名 范式,典范;(语法)词形变化表
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The paradigm is widely used in this kind of work.
形 范式的,典型的
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be paradigmatic for everyone in the group.
形 无可辩驳的,必然真实的(逻辑)
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be apodictic for everyone in the group.
形 指示的;指示词(语言学)
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be deictic for everyone in the group.
名 指示(功能),指称(语言学)
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The deixis is widely used in this kind of work.
动 辛迪加,企业联合;报业联盟;联合经营
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The manager decided to syndicate the problem before the meeting.
名 联合经营;(节目)联卖/辛迪加播出
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The whole syndication took several hours to complete.
名 数字(0–9);手指,脚趾
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The digit is widely used in this kind of work.
名 圆盘;磁盘,光盘;椎间盘
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The disk is widely used in this kind of work.
形 预示,是…的征兆
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The new rule will be betoken for everyone in the group.
形 吹毛求疵的,爱反驳的
源contradicti + ous
构contradicti + ous
例The new rule will be contradictious for everyone in the group.
名 断言;论断;(语法)谓项
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The predication is widely used in this kind of work.
名 (某些欧洲国家的)地方行政官员;(大学或其他机构的)商业代表
源dic/dict
构dic/dict
例The syndic arrived at the office earlier than usual.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
dic/dict 在三条线上的同根字根(点击可跳转)。
G 篇待补 · deiknūmi(显示)
N 篇待补 · teach/token(*deik- 指出;日耳曼 435 根未编独立页)

