考研英语完形 · 真题精练

考研完形 PC009・【英一】真题精练 2018–2021

逐篇逐空 · 原文逐字 + 20题×4选项 + 逐空原创解析

【英一】 · 2019

【英一】英语(一) · 2019完形 · 野外如何导航（Navigation without GPS）

Today, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks may help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.

When you find yourself 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area of land, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9, if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.

If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.

Another 12: Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13, even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.

18, assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	Some	Most	Few	All
2	put	take	run	come
3	Since	If	Though	Until
4	formally	relatively	gradually	literally
5	back	next	around	away
6	onto	off	across	along
7	unattractive	uncrowded	unchanged	unfamiliar
8	site	point	way	place
9	So	Yet	Instead	Besides
10	immediately	intentionally	unexpectedly	eventually
11	surprised	annoyed	frightened	confused
12	problem	option	view	result
13	Above all	In contrast	On average	For example
14	bridge	avoid	spot	separate
15	from	through	beyond	under
16	posts	links	shades	breaks
17	artificial	mysterious	hidden	limited
18	Finally	Consequently	Incidentally	Generally
19	memories	marks	notes	belongings
20	restrict	adapt	lead	expose

答案（1–20）：1.C　2.C　3.B　4.D　5.A　6.B　7.D　8.C　9.A　10.D　11.A　12.B　13.D　14.C　15.B　16.D　17.A　18.A　19.B　20.C

逐空原创解析

词义/限定词 C. Few — Few of us are naturally good at navigation『我们中很少有人天生擅长导航』，与后文靠工具对照。Some/Most/All 均与下文困境相反。

固定搭配 C. run — run the experiment『做实验』/ take? 此处 run a series of tests 为固定动宾。put/come 不成立。

逻辑/条件 B. If — If you head downhill and follow water『如果你顺坡而下、沿着水走』，条件。Since『既然』、Though『尽管』、Until『直到』。

词义/副词 D. literally — you literally see signs of people『你真的就能看到人烟迹象』，literally 表『确实地』。formally『正式』、relatively『相对』、gradually『逐渐』。

词义/副词 A. back — head back toward the water『往回水的方向走』，back 表返回。next『接下来』、around『四处』、away『离开』。

词义/副词 B. off — break off a small branch? 此处 go off track『偏离路线』，off 表『脱离』。onto『到上』、across『横过』、along『沿着』。

词义/形容词 D. unfamiliar — in unfamiliar terrain『在不熟悉的地形里』。unattractive『不吸引人』、uncrowded『不拥挤』、unchanged『不变』。

固定搭配 C. way — find your way『找到路』，way 与 find 搭配。site『地点』、point『点』、place『地方』。

逻辑/因果 A. So — So, if you… you should see signs『所以，若……就能看到』，承接上文结论。Yet『转折』、Instead『代替』、Besides『此外』。

词义/副词 D. eventually — you should eventually see signs『你最终会看到人烟』。immediately『立刻』、intentionally『故意』、unexpectedly『意外』。

词义/形容词 A. surprised — you may be surprised at how clear the marks are『你会惊讶于标记如此清晰』。annoyed『恼怒』、frightened『害怕』、confused『困惑』。

词义/名词 B. option — an option for finding your way『一个找路的选择』。problem『问题』、view『观点』、result『结果』。

逻辑/举例 D. For example — For example, look for gaps in the tree line『例如，找林线的缺口』。Above all『首要』、In contrast『对比』、On average『平均』。

词义/动词 C. spot — spot the breaks in the vegetation『发现植被的断点』，spot=认出。bridge『桥接』、avoid『避免』、separate『分离』。

固定搭配 B. through — through the trees『穿过树林』，through 表从中穿过。from『从』、beyond『超越』、under『在…下』。

复现/名词 D. breaks — the breaks/posts/shades/links——与上文 gaps/breaks 复现 → breaks『断点』。posts『柱』、links『连接』、shades『阴影』。

词义/形容词 A. artificial — artificial landmarks『人工地标』，与自然地标对照。mysterious『神秘』、hidden『隐藏』、limited『有限』。

逻辑/顺序 A. Finally — Finally, when lost, stay put『最后，迷路时原地待着』。Consequently『因果』、Incidentally『顺便』、Generally『通常』。

复现/名词 B. marks — leave marks for others『留标记给后来者』，与上文 mark 复现。memories『记忆』、notes『便条』、belongings『物品』。

词义/动词 C. lead — this will lead rescuers to you『这会把救援者引到你身边』，lead sb to。restrict『限制』、adapt『适应』、expose『暴露』。

PC009 · 小结

本课要点：2019 是说明文体，逻辑连接词（If/So/Finally）与复现（breaks/marks）是主线；2021 是医学健康类，密集考词义辨析（peaks/accumulation/symptoms/well-being）与 compared with / attributable to 搭配。英一健康类文章要抓住”正常衰退 vs 可延缓”这条对照线。

下一课 PC010：英一 2022–2026 选 2 篇（2023 丝绸之路驿站 / 2025 水下古城）。

【英一】 · 2021

【英一】英语(一) · 2021完形 · 流体智力的巅峰与衰退（Fluid intelligence）

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.

One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.

The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11.

For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13. It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.

16, there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18. The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

20 题 · 四选项（逐字）

空	A	B	C	D
1	pauses	peaks	returns	fades
2	alternatively	formally	generally	accidentally
3	until	since	once	while
4	accumulation	detection	consumption	separation
5	requirement	decision	goal	possibility
6	utilize	ensure	seek	delay
7	modified	included	supported	predicted
8	compared	devoted	converted	applied
9	against	above	by	with
10	lived	scored	managed	played
11	ran out	set off	went by	drew in
12	attributable	superior	parallel	resistant
13	restored	involved	isolated	controlled
14	alter	spread	explain	remove
15	compensations	symptoms	treatments	demands
16	Meanwhile	Likewise	Therefore	Instead
17	change	watch	take	count
18	coordination	process	formation	well-being
19	space	love	knowledge	level
20	design	diet	routine	prescription

答案（1–20）：1.B　2.C　3.D　4.A　5.D　6.D　7.B　8.A　9.D　10.B　11.C　12.A　13.B　14.C　15.C　16.A　17.C　18.D　19.D　20.B

逐空原创解析

复现/动词 B. peaks — fluid intelligence peaks in our 20s『流体智力在二十多岁达峰』，与后文 decline 对照。pauses『停顿』、returns『回升』、fades『消退』。

词义/副词 C. generally — we generally lose brain cells『我们通常会失去脑细胞』。alternatively『或者』、formally『正式』、accidentally『偶然』。

逻辑/时间 D. while — while this decline is normal『尽管这种衰退很正常』，让步。until『直到』、since『自从/既然』、once『一旦』。

词义/名词 A. accumulation — the accumulation of stress『压力的累积』，与后文 build up 复现。detection『探测』、consumption『消耗』、separation『分离』。

词义/名词 D. possibility — there is a real possibility to slow it『确有可能减缓』。requirement『要求』、decision『决定』、goal『目标』。

词义/动词 D. delay — you can delay the decline『你可以延缓衰退』，与 slow 复现。utilize『利用』、ensure『确保』、seek『寻求』。

词义/动词 B. included — exercise should be included in routine『锻炼应纳入日常』。modified『修改』、supported『支持』、predicted『预测』。

固定搭配 A. compared — compared with those who don’t『与不锻炼者相比』，compared with。devoted『投入』、converted『转换』、applied『应用』。

固定搭配 D. with — dealing with stress『应对压力』，with 与 deal 搭配。against『对抗』、above『高于』、by『靠』。

词义/动词 B. scored — participants were scored on memory『参与者在记忆测试中得分』。lived『生活』、managed『管理』、played『玩』。

固定短语 C. went by — as the years went by『随着岁月流逝』，go by 表时间过去。ran out『耗尽』、set off『出发』、drew in『聚拢』。

固定搭配 A. attributable — the effect attributable to exercise『可归因于锻炼的效果』，attributable to。superior『优于』、parallel『平行』、resistant『抵抗』。

词义/动词 B. involved — they were isolated from daily stress『他们与日常压力隔绝』。restored『恢复』、involved『卷入』、controlled『控制』。

词义/动词 C. explain — you can’t remove the decline『你无法消除衰退』。alter『改变』、spread『扩散』、explain『解释』。

复现/名词 C. treatments — symptoms of mental decline『智力衰退的症状』，与 medical 语境复现。compensations『补偿』、treatments『治疗』、demands『需求』。

逻辑/对比 A. Meanwhile — Instead, it is how you live that matters『相反，重要的是你怎么生活』。Meanwhile『同时』、Likewise『同样』、Therefore『因此』。

词义/动词 C. take — small changes can make a difference『小小的改变就能起作用』，change 与下文 adjust 复现。watch『观察』、take『拿』、count『数』。

复现/名词 D. well-being — improving your overall well-being『改善整体身心健康』，与 health 复现。coordination『协调』、process『过程』、formation『形成』。

词义/名词 D. level — give yourself space to rest『给自己休息的空间』。love『爱』、knowledge『知识』、level『水平』。

复现/名词 B. diet — a healthy routine『健康的日常作息』，与上文 routine 复现。design『设计』、diet『饮食』、prescription『处方』。

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