LATIN ROOT · L017 · 拉丁字根
cred相信 · 信任 · 信用
PIE root *kerd-dha-(拉丁 credere) 「to put one’s heart, believe」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
印欧「把心交出去=相信」在拉丁作 credere(=cor「心」+dō「给」);英语本族 believe/trust(另线)。
*kerd-dha- → Latin credere「to believe, trust」(=cor 心+dō 给)
cred- / credit-
credit · credible · creed · grant · incredible · accredit · credentials · credulous(详见本页)
*kerd-dha- 在希腊支无公认对应
—G 篇待补
无希腊同源借词
英语本族 believe/trust(另线)与 credere 不同根
believeN 篇待补
英语 believe 是本族,非 credere 同族
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
credō 是第三变位动词;英语词挂在现在词干 cred- 与分词词干 credit- 上。
PRESENT 现在词干
cred-
credere/credō|第三变位
credit(creditum)· credible(credibilis)· creed
PERFECT 完成词干
credid-
credidī|重叠式完成(cre-did-)
拉丁完成时 credidī「我信了」(现代英语不直接借此词干)
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
credit-
creditum/creditus|完成分词 -t-
creditor · credentials · accredit(ad-+credere)
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 credere 到现代英语各词,四次形态—语音调整。
①完成分词 -t-
credere→creditum:credit、creditor。
②重叠完成 credidī
credere 完成重叠为 credidī(-did-)。
③-bilis→-ble / -ulus→-ulous
credibilis→credible;credulus→credulous。
④古法 gr- 软化
credere→古法 creanter/granter→grant(cr-→gr-)。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
credō 是第三变位动词,重叠完成 credidī 与分词 creditum 为英语常用词干。
现在 1sg
credō
我信
现在不定式
credere
to believe
完成 1sg
credidī
我信了(重叠)
目的分词
creditum
to believe(分词词干)
现在时变位 · 第三变位
| 人称 | 主动 | 被动 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | credō | credor | cred-ō |
| 2 sg | credis | crederis | cred-is |
| 3 sg | credit | creditur | cred-it |
| 1 pl | credimus | credimur | cred-imus |
| 2 pl | creditis | crediminī | cred-itis |
| 3 pl | credunt | creduntur | cred-unt |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| credit | creditum | credit | 16 世纪 |
| creed | credo/credere | — | 古英语(crēda) |
| grant | credere | granter | 12 世纪 |
| credible | credibilis | — | 14 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① credere=cor「心」+dō「给」=把心交出去;② grant 是 credere 经古法 gr- 软化;③ creditum「被信之物」→信用/学分。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
credere 的核心是「相信」,由「信任」向「信用、凭证、轻信」引申。
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可信性,可靠性,公信力
1530s credible+-ity(-itas);「可被相信的性质」。
名 可信性,可靠性,公信力
▪ The scandal hurt his credibility.
这桩丑闻损害了他的公信力。
▪ They doubted the credibility of the story.
他们怀疑这个说法的可信度。
▪ She worked to rebuild credibility.
她努力重建信誉。
▪ The witness lacked credibility.
这名证人缺乏可信度。
可信的,可靠的
late 14c.「可信的」,拉丁 credibilis「值得相信的」,credere「相信」+-bilis「可…的」。
形 可信的,可靠的
▪ They gave a credible explanation.
他们给出了可信的解释。
▪ The threat seemed credible.
这个威胁看起来可信。
▪ She offered a credible plan.
她提出了一个可靠的计划。
▪ The witness was not credible.
这名证人不可信。
信用;学分;归功;贷方;相信
n.1540s「相信、信心」,法语 crédit,意大利 credito,拉丁 creditum「贷款、托付给他人之物」(credere 中性过去分词,字面「被托付的(东西)」);商业信用 1570s、银行授信 1660s、荣誉 c.160
名 信用 动 学分 动 归功 动 贷方 动 相信
▪ She bought the shoes on credit.
她赊账买了这双鞋。
▪ They gave him credit for the idea.
他们把这个想法归功于他。
▪ He earned three credits.
他修满了三个学分。
▪ The bank credited the account.
银行把款项记入账户。
信条,教义;信念
古英语 crēda「信经」,拉丁 credo「我信」(使徒信经、尼西亚信经首词)的本土化(nativized)形;泛指任何信念体系 17c.。
名 信条,教义;信念
▪ They followed an old creed.
他们奉行古老的信条。
▪ The creed guided their lives.
这一信念指引着他们的生活。
▪ She recited the family creed.
她背诵了家族信条。
▪ They shared a common creed.
他们有着共同的信念。
授予,同意,承认;拨款
v.early 13c. graunt「允许、批准、许诺」,古法 graanter,creanter「保证、许诺、批准」的异体,源自拉丁 credentem(credere 现在分词 credens);c.1300「正式转让」「承认为真」,
动 授予,同意,承认 名 拨款
▪ They granted her request.
他们批准了她的请求。
▪ The city granted a large grant.
市政府拨了一大笔拨款。
▪ She was granted a visa.
她获准签证。
▪ They grant funds for research.
他们为研究拨款。
诚然,假定;被授予的;视为当然的
grant 的过去分词;take for granted「视为理所当然」1610s;granted (that)「诚然」。
连 诚然,假定 形 被授予的 形 视为当然的
▪ granted, the plan is risky.
诚然,这个计划有风险。
▪ She took their support for granted.
她把他们的支持视为理所当然。
▪ He was granted leave.
他获准休假。
▪ granted enough time, they can finish.
只要给予足够时间,他们就能完成。
难以置信的;极好的
early 15c.「不可信的」,in-(否定)+credible;17c 起口语「极好的、惊人的」。
形 难以置信的;极好的
▪ The view was incredible.
景色美极了。
▪ She told an incredible story.
她讲了一个令人难以置信的故事。
▪ They showed incredible courage.
他们表现出难以置信的勇气。
▪ The meal tasted incredible.
这顿饭好吃极了。
极其,非常;难以置信地
incredible+-ly;由「不可信地」虚化为程度副词「极其」。
副 极其,非常;难以置信地
▪ She ran incredibly fast.
她跑得极快。
▪ They were incredibly kind.
他们极其友善。
▪ The task was incredibly hard.
这项任务难得令人难以置信。
▪ He reacted incredibly fast.
他反应快得惊人。
认可,认证;委任,授权;归因于
1620s「授权、给予信任状」,法语 accréditer,晚期拉丁 accreditare「给予信用」,ad-(向)+creditum(信用);「认证机构合格」义 19c。
动 认可,认证;委任,授权;归因于
▪ The agency accredited the school.
该机构认证了这所学校。
▪ They accredited the lab.
他们认可了这家实验室。
▪ She was accredited as a trainer.
她被认证为培训师。
▪ The program is fully accredited.
这个项目获得全面认证。
资历,资格证明;国书;证书
1670s(又作 credential),截短自 letters credential「信用状」(1520s,仿法语词序),更早是 letter of credence;中世纪拉丁 credentialis,credentia(见 cred
名 资历,资格证明;国书;证书
▪ She showed her credentials.
她出示了资格证明。
▪ They checked his credentials.
他们核查了他的资历。
▪ The ambassador presented his credentials.
大使递交了国书。
▪ Her credentials impressed the board.
她的资历打动了董事会。
轻信的,易受骗的
1570s「轻易相信的」,拉丁 credulus「愿意相信的、轻信的」,credere+-ulus(倾向于…的)。
形 轻信的,易受骗的
▪ The credulous child believed the story.
这个轻信的孩子相信了那个故事。
▪ They tricked the credulous tourists.
他们欺骗了轻信的游客。
▪ He is too credulous.
他太容易相信别人。
▪ The credulous buyer paid too much.
那个轻信的买家花了冤枉钱。
-ly。
可信地,可靠地
拉丁词根 cred 派生:credible + -ly。
副 可信地,可靠地
▪ The team credibly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前可信地完成了任务。
▪ She credibly checked the results and then signed the form.
她可信地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were credibly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被可信地修改了。
▪ He spoke credibly so that everyone could understand.
他可信地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
相信,信任;凭证
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 相信,信任;凭证
▪ The whole credence took several hours to complete.
整个相信过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper credence is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的相信至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of credence with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了相信的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the credence.
经理就相信写了一份清晰的报告。
信条,准则;(Credo)信经
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 信条,准则;(Credo)信经
▪ The credo is widely used in this kind of work.
信条在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the credo in a safe place after use.
用后请把信条放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the credo to the entrance of the building.
团队把信条搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable credo at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的信条。
-al
信条的,教义的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:creed + -al
形 信条的,教义的
▪ The new rule will be credal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是信条的。
▪ They considered the plan credal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是信条的。
▪ The manager gave a credal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个信条的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be credal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是信条的的。
(口语)信誉,可信度(credibility 截短)
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
形 (口语)信誉,可信度(credibility 截短)
▪ The new rule will be cred for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是信誉。
▪ They considered the plan cred after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是信誉。
▪ The manager gave a cred answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个信誉的答复。
▪ Every solution must be cred before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是信誉的。
债权人,贷方
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 债权人,贷方
▪ The creditor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位债权人比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained creditor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的债权人知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced creditor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的债权人。
▪ The creditor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,债权人回答了记者的提问。
被归功的;被认可的;入账的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
形 被归功的;被认可的;入账的
▪ The new rule will be credited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是被归功的。
▪ They considered the plan credited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是被归功的。
▪ The manager gave a credited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个被归功的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be credited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是被归功的的。
(电影)片尾字幕;学分(复数)
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 (电影)片尾字幕;学分(复数)
▪ The credits is widely used in this kind of work.
片尾字幕在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the credits in a safe place after use.
用后请把片尾字幕放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the credits to the entrance of the building.
团队把片尾字幕搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable credits at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的片尾字幕。
-able;现代义「值得称赞的、还不错的」。
值得赞扬的,体面的(≠可信的)
拉丁词根 cred 派生:1520s「可带来信誉/荣誉的」,credit + -able;现代义「值得称赞的、还不错的」。
形 值得赞扬的,体面的(≠可信的)
▪ The new rule will be creditable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是值得赞扬的。
▪ They considered the plan creditable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是值得赞扬的。
▪ The manager gave a creditable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个值得赞扬的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be creditable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是值得赞扬的的。
-ly。
值得赞扬地,体面地
拉丁词根 cred 派生:creditable + -ly。
副 值得赞扬地,体面地
▪ The team creditably finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前值得赞扬地完成了任务。
▪ She creditably checked the results and then signed the form.
她值得赞扬地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were creditably changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被值得赞扬地修改了。
▪ He spoke creditably so that everyone could understand.
他值得赞扬地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
worthy
信用可靠的,有资格获贷的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:credit + worthy
形 信用可靠的,有资格获贷的
▪ The new rule will be creditworthy for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是信用可靠的。
▪ They considered the plan creditworthy after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是信用可靠的。
▪ The manager gave a creditworthy answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个信用可靠的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be creditworthy before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是信用可靠的的。
-ness。
信用可靠性,偿债能力
拉丁词根 cred 派生:creditworthy + -ness。
名 信用可靠性,偿债能力
▪ The whole creditworthiness took several hours to complete.
整个信用可靠性过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper creditworthiness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的信用可靠性至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of creditworthiness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了信用可靠性的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the creditworthiness.
经理就信用可靠性写了一份清晰的报告。
经认证的,公认的;派驻的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
形 经认证的,公认的;派驻的
▪ The new rule will be accredited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是经认证的。
▪ They considered the plan accredited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是经认证的。
▪ The manager gave a accredited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个经认证的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be accredited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是经认证的的。
-ation
认证,认可;委任
拉丁词根 cred 派生:1812 accredit + -ation
名 认证,认可;委任
▪ The whole accreditation took several hours to complete.
整个认证过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper accreditation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的认证至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of accreditation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了认证的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the accreditation.
经理就认证写了一份清晰的报告。
accredited。
未经认证的,未获授权的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:un- + accredited。
形 未经认证的,未获授权的
▪ The new rule will be unaccredited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是未经认证的。
▪ They considered the plan unaccredited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是未经认证的。
▪ The manager gave a unaccredited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个未经认证的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unaccredited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是未经认证的的。
败坏名声;怀疑;耻辱
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 败坏名声;怀疑;耻辱
▪ The discredit is widely used in this kind of work.
败坏名声在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the discredit in a safe place after use.
用后请把败坏名声放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the discredit to the entrance of the building.
团队把败坏名声搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable discredit at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的败坏名声。
名声败坏的;(说法)被推翻的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
形 名声败坏的;(说法)被推翻的
▪ The new rule will be discredited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是名声败坏的。
▪ They considered the plan discredited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是名声败坏的。
▪ The manager gave a discredited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个名声败坏的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be discredited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是名声败坏的的。
-able
有损名誉的,不光彩的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:discredit + -able
形 有损名誉的,不光彩的
▪ The new rule will be discreditable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有损名誉的。
▪ They considered the plan discreditable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有损名誉的。
▪ The manager gave a discreditable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有损名誉的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be discreditable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有损名誉的的。
-ly。
有损名誉地,不光彩地
拉丁词根 cred 派生:discreditable + -ly。
副 有损名誉地,不光彩地
▪ The team discreditably finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前有损名誉地完成了任务。
▪ She discreditably checked the results and then signed the form.
她有损名誉地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were discreditably changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被有损名誉地修改了。
▪ He spoke discreditably so that everyone could understand.
他有损名誉地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
轻信,易受骗
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 轻信,易受骗
▪ The whole credulity took several hours to complete.
整个轻信过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper credulity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的轻信至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of credulity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了轻信的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the credulity.
经理就轻信写了一份清晰的报告。
-ly。
轻信地
拉丁词根 cred 派生:credulous + -ly。
副 轻信地
▪ The team credulously finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前轻信地完成了任务。
▪ She credulously checked the results and then signed the form.
她轻信地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were credulously changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被轻信地修改了。
▪ He spoke credulously so that everyone could understand.
他轻信地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
不轻信的,怀疑的(指人/神情)
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
形 不轻信的,怀疑的(指人/神情)
▪ The new rule will be incredulous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不轻信的。
▪ They considered the plan incredulous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不轻信的。
▪ The manager gave a incredulous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不轻信的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be incredulous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不轻信的的。
不轻信,怀疑(的态度)
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 不轻信,怀疑(的态度)
▪ The whole incredulity took several hours to complete.
整个不轻信过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper incredulity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的不轻信至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of incredulity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了不轻信的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the incredulity.
经理就不轻信写了一份清晰的报告。
-ly。
怀疑地,不相信地
拉丁词根 cred 派生:incredulous + -ly。
副 怀疑地,不相信地
▪ The team incredulously finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前怀疑地完成了任务。
▪ She incredulously checked the results and then signed the form.
她怀疑地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were incredulously changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被怀疑地修改了。
▪ He spoke incredulously so that everyone could understand.
他怀疑地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
证书,凭据;证明资格的;提供证明
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 证书,凭据;证明资格的;提供证明
▪ The credential is widely used in this kind of work.
证书在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the credential in a safe place after use.
用后请把证书放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the credential to the entrance of the building.
团队把证书搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable credential at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的证书。
餐柜,餐具柜
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 餐柜,餐具柜
▪ The credenza is widely used in this kind of work.
餐柜在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the credenza in a safe place after use.
用后请把餐柜放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the credenza to the entrance of the building.
团队把餐柜搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable credenza at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的餐柜。
恶棍,歹徒;邪恶的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 恶棍,歹徒;邪恶的
▪ The miscreant is widely used in this kind of work.
恶棍在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the miscreant in a safe place after use.
用后请把恶棍放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the miscreant to the entrance of the building.
团队把恶棍搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable miscreant at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的恶棍。
叛徒,懦夫;不忠的,怯懦的
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred
名 叛徒,懦夫;不忠的,怯懦的
▪ The recreant arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位叛徒比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained recreant knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的叛徒知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced recreant for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的叛徒。
▪ The recreant answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,叛徒回答了记者的提问。
-ee
受让人,被授予者
拉丁词根 cred 派生:late 15c 法律用语 grant + -ee
名 受让人,被授予者
▪ The grantee arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位受让人比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained grantee knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的受让人知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced grantee for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的受让人。
▪ The grantee answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,受让人回答了记者的提问。
-or
授予人,让渡人(法律)
拉丁词根 cred 派生:grant + -or
名 授予人,让渡人(法律)
▪ The grantor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位授予人比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained grantor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的授予人知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced grantor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的授予人。
▪ The grantor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,授予人回答了记者的提问。
-er
授予者,批准者
拉丁词根 cred 派生:grant + -er
名 授予者,批准者
▪ The granter arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位授予者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained granter knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的授予者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced granter for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的授予者。
▪ The granter answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,授予者回答了记者的提问。
end
a
信条,教条
拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred + end + a
名 信条,教条
▪ The credenda is widely used in this kind of work.
信条在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the credenda in a safe place after use.
用后请把信条放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the credenda to the entrance of the building.
团队把信条搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable credenda at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的信条。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
注意:grant 与 credere
grant 是 credere 经古法语(cr-→gr-)入英,本义「托付、承认」;勿把 grant 当成与 cred- 无关的独立词。
cred- 与 cord- 的深层联系
credere 字面=cor「心」+dō「给」;故 cred-(相信)与 cord-(心)在 PIE 层同源,都是「心」的引申。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *kerd-dha-(to put heart, believe)
│
├─ 拉丁 credō · credere · credidī · creditum(第三变位,重叠完成)
│ ├─ 现在词干 cred-:credible · incredible · credulous · creed
│ ├─ 分词词干 credit-:credit · creditor · credentials · accredit
│ └─ 古法 gr- 软化:grant
│
├─ 希腊:*kerd-dha- 无公认对应
│
└─ 日耳曼:英语 believe/trust(本族,不同根)
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 cred- 同根,以重叠完成与 creditum 为决定性证据。
三词干
cred-/credid-/credit- 同根;credit、credible 分别挂两词干。
credere→granter / -bilis→-ble
古法 cr-→gr-。
11 词闭环
本页 11 词都由 cred-/credit- 加 -ible/-ity/-ulous 生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
N · 日耳曼 believe(本族)
believe
英语 believe/trust 语义对应 credere,词源不同根
高阶拉丁 · credit-
credit-
creditor「债权人」· accredit「委派/认证」· creed「教义」
一屏速记 · 43 词
名 可信性,可靠性,公信力
构cred / -ibil- / -ity
例The scandal hurt his credibility
形 可信的,可靠的
构cred / -ible
例They gave a credible explanation
名 信用;动 学分;动 归功;动 贷方;动 相信
构credit
例She bought the shoes on credit
名 信条,教义;信念
构credo
例They followed an old creed
动 授予,同意,承认;名 拨款
构
例They granted her request
连 诚然,假定;形 被授予的;形 视为当然的
构grant / -ed
例granted, the plan is risky
形 难以置信的;极好的
构in- / cred / -ible
例The view was incredible
副 极其,非常;难以置信地
构in- / credible / -ly
例She ran incredibly fast
动 认可,认证;委任,授权;归因于
构ac- / credit
例The agency accredited the school
名 资历,资格证明;国书;证书
构credent / -ial / letters
例She showed her credentials
形 轻信的,易受骗的
构cred / -ulous
例The credulous child believed the story
副 可信地,可靠地
源credible + -ly。
构credible + -ly。
例The team credibly finished the task before the deadline.
名 相信,信任;凭证
源cred
构cred
例The whole credence took several hours to complete.
名 信条,准则;(Credo)信经
源cred
构cred
例The credo is widely used in this kind of work.
形 信条的,教义的
源creed + -al
构creed + -al
例The new rule will be credal for everyone in the group.
形 (口语)信誉,可信度(credibility 截短)
源cred
构cred
例The new rule will be cred for everyone in the group.
名 债权人,贷方
源cred
构cred
例The creditor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 被归功的;被认可的;入账的
源cred
构cred
例The new rule will be credited for everyone in the group.
名 (电影)片尾字幕;学分(复数)
源cred
构cred
例The credits is widely used in this kind of work.
形 值得赞扬的,体面的(≠可信的)
源1520s「可带来信誉/荣誉的」,credit + -able;现代义「值得称赞的、还不错的」。
构1520s「可带来信誉/荣誉的」,credit + -able;现代义「值得称赞的、还不错的」。
例The new rule will be creditable for everyone in the group.
副 值得赞扬地,体面地
源creditable + -ly。
构creditable + -ly。
例The team creditably finished the task before the deadline.
形 信用可靠的,有资格获贷的
源credit + worthy
构credit + worthy
例The new rule will be creditworthy for everyone in the group.
名 信用可靠性,偿债能力
源creditworthy + -ness。
构creditworthy + -ness。
例The whole creditworthiness took several hours to complete.
形 经认证的,公认的;派驻的
源cred
构cred
例The new rule will be accredited for everyone in the group.
名 认证,认可;委任
源1812 accredit + -ation
构1812 accredit + -ation
例The whole accreditation took several hours to complete.
形 未经认证的,未获授权的
源un- + accredited。
构un- + accredited。
例The new rule will be unaccredited for everyone in the group.
名 败坏名声;怀疑;耻辱
源cred
构cred
例The discredit is widely used in this kind of work.
形 名声败坏的;(说法)被推翻的
源cred
构cred
例The new rule will be discredited for everyone in the group.
形 有损名誉的,不光彩的
源discredit + -able
构discredit + -able
例The new rule will be discreditable for everyone in the group.
副 有损名誉地,不光彩地
源discreditable + -ly。
构discreditable + -ly。
例The team discreditably finished the task before the deadline.
名 轻信,易受骗
源cred
构cred
例The whole credulity took several hours to complete.
副 轻信地
源credulous + -ly。
构credulous + -ly。
例The team credulously finished the task before the deadline.
形 不轻信的,怀疑的(指人/神情)
源cred
构cred
例The new rule will be incredulous for everyone in the group.
名 不轻信,怀疑(的态度)
源cred
构cred
例The whole incredulity took several hours to complete.
副 怀疑地,不相信地
源incredulous + -ly。
构incredulous + -ly。
例The team incredulously finished the task before the deadline.
名 证书,凭据;证明资格的;提供证明
源cred
构cred
例The credential is widely used in this kind of work.
名 餐柜,餐具柜
源cred
构cred
例The credenza is widely used in this kind of work.
名 恶棍,歹徒;邪恶的
源cred
构cred
例The miscreant is widely used in this kind of work.
名 叛徒,懦夫;不忠的,怯懦的
源cred
构cred
例The recreant arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 受让人,被授予者
源late 15c 法律用语 grant + -ee
构late 15c 法律用语 grant + -ee
例The grantee arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 授予人,让渡人(法律)
源grant + -or
构grant + -or
例The grantor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 授予者,批准者
源grant + -er
构grant + -er
例The granter arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 信条,教条
源cred + end + a
构cred + end + a
例The credenda is widely used in this kind of work.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
cred 在三条线上的对应字根(点击可跳转)。
G 篇待补
N 篇待补 · believe/trust(本族,不同根)

