拉丁字根 L017・cred

LATIN ROOT · L017 · 拉丁字根

cred相信 · 信任 · 信用

PIE root *kerd-dha-(拉丁 credere) 「to put one’s heart, believe」

语源:拉丁借词(credere,多经古法语)
拉丁第三变位:credō · credere · credidī · creditum
共时词族:11 词

同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES

印欧「把心交出去=相信」在拉丁作 credere(=cor「心」+dō「给」);英语本族 believe/trust(另线)。

L · LATIN 拉丁(本根)

*kerd-dha- → Latin credere「to believe, trust」(=cor 心+dō 给)

cred- / credit-

credit · credible · creed · grant · incredible · accredit · credentials · credulous(详见本页)

G · GREEK 希腊

*kerd-dha- 在希腊支无公认对应

—G 篇待补

无希腊同源借词

N · GERMANIC 日耳曼

英语本族 believe/trust(另线)与 credere 不同根

believeN 篇待补

英语 believe 是本族,非 credere 同族

词源拆解:credere=cor「心」+dō「给」=「把心交出去」=相信;故 cred- 与 cord-(心)在更深处相连。

词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB

credō 是第三变位动词;英语词挂在现在词干 cred- 与分词词干 credit- 上。

PRESENT 现在词干

cred-

credere/credō|第三变位

credit(creditum)· credible(credibilis)· creed

PERFECT 完成词干

credid-

credidī|重叠式完成(cre-did-)

拉丁完成时 credidī「我信了」(现代英语不直接借此词干)

PARTICIPLE 分词词干

credit-

creditum/creditus|完成分词 -t-

creditor · credentials · accredit(ad-+credere)

音变小注 SOUND CHANGES

从拉丁 credere 到现代英语各词,四次形态—语音调整。

①完成分词 -t-

credere→creditum:credit、creditor。

②重叠完成 credidī

credere 完成重叠为 credidī(-did-)。

③-bilis→-ble / -ulus→-ulous

credibilis→credible;credulus→credulous。

④古法 gr- 软化

credere→古法 creanter/granter→grant(cr-→gr-)。

形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY

credō 是第三变位动词,重叠完成 credidī 与分词 creditum 为英语常用词干。

现在 1sg

credō

我信

现在不定式

credere

to believe

完成 1sg

credidī

我信了(重叠)

目的分词

creditum

to believe(分词词干)

现在时变位 · 第三变位

人称 主动 被动 词结构
1 sg credō credor cred-ō
2 sg credis crederis cred-is
3 sg credit creditur cred-it
1 pl credimus credimur cred-imus
2 pl creditis crediminī cred-itis
3 pl credunt creduntur cred-unt

入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语

英语词 拉丁 古法语 入英年代
credit creditum credit 16 世纪
creed credo/credere — 古英语(crēda)
grant credere granter 12 世纪
credible credibilis — 14 世纪

三个关键事实:① credere=cor「心」+dō「给」=把心交出去;② grant 是 credere 经古法 gr- 软化;③ creditum「被信之物」→信用/学分。

-ible拉丁 -bilis:credible · incredible
-ity拉丁 -itās:credibility
-ulous拉丁 -ulus:credulous
-or拉丁 -or:creditor

语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP

credere 的核心是「相信」,由「信任」向「信用、凭证、轻信」引申。

相信

credere

→

可信的

credibilis

→

credible

incredible
被信之物

creditum

→

credit · creditor

credentials
信条

credo

→

creed

信条
轻易信

credulus

→

credulous

incredulous
习语:credit「信用/学分」· credible「可信的」· creed「信条」· grant「授予」· accredit「授权」· incredible「难以置信的」。
credibility/ˌkredəˈbɪləti/A
cred / -ibil- / -ity

可信性,可靠性,公信力

1530s credible+-ity(-itas);「可被相信的性质」。

名 可信性,可靠性,公信力

▪ The scandal hurt his credibility.
这桩丑闻损害了他的公信力。

▪ They doubted the credibility of the story.
他们怀疑这个说法的可信度。

▪ She worked to rebuild credibility.
她努力重建信誉。

▪ The witness lacked credibility.
这名证人缺乏可信度。

credible/ˈkredəbl/B
cred / -ible

可信的,可靠的

late 14c.「可信的」,拉丁 credibilis「值得相信的」,credere「相信」+-bilis「可…的」。

形 可信的,可靠的

▪ They gave a credible explanation.
他们给出了可信的解释。

▪ The threat seemed credible.
这个威胁看起来可信。

▪ She offered a credible plan.
她提出了一个可靠的计划。

▪ The witness was not credible.
这名证人不可信。

credit/ˈkredɪt/S 核心
credit

信用;学分;归功;贷方;相信

n.1540s「相信、信心」,法语 crédit,意大利 credito,拉丁 creditum「贷款、托付给他人之物」(credere 中性过去分词,字面「被托付的(东西)」);商业信用 1570s、银行授信 1660s、荣誉 c.160

名 信用 动 学分 动 归功 动 贷方 动 相信

▪ She bought the shoes on credit.
她赊账买了这双鞋。

▪ They gave him credit for the idea.
他们把这个想法归功于他。

▪ He earned three credits.
他修满了三个学分。

▪ The bank credited the account.
银行把款项记入账户。

creed/kriːd/B
credo

信条,教义;信念

古英语 crēda「信经」,拉丁 credo「我信」(使徒信经、尼西亚信经首词)的本土化(nativized)形;泛指任何信念体系 17c.。

名 信条,教义;信念

▪ They followed an old creed.
他们奉行古老的信条。

▪ The creed guided their lives.
这一信念指引着他们的生活。

▪ She recited the family creed.
她背诵了家族信条。

▪ They shared a common creed.
他们有着共同的信念。

grant/ɡrænt/S 核心

授予,同意,承认;拨款

v.early 13c. graunt「允许、批准、许诺」,古法 graanter,creanter「保证、许诺、批准」的异体,源自拉丁 credentem(credere 现在分词 credens);c.1300「正式转让」「承认为真」,

动 授予,同意,承认 名 拨款

▪ They granted her request.
他们批准了她的请求。

▪ The city granted a large grant.
市政府拨了一大笔拨款。

▪ She was granted a visa.
她获准签证。

▪ They grant funds for research.
他们为研究拨款。

granted/ˈɡræntɪd/A
grant / -ed

诚然,假定;被授予的;视为当然的

grant 的过去分词;take for granted「视为理所当然」1610s;granted (that)「诚然」。

连 诚然,假定 形 被授予的 形 视为当然的

▪ granted, the plan is risky.
诚然,这个计划有风险。

▪ She took their support for granted.
她把他们的支持视为理所当然。

▪ He was granted leave.
他获准休假。

▪ granted enough time, they can finish.
只要给予足够时间,他们就能完成。

incredible/ɪnˈkredəbl/A
in- / cred / -ible

难以置信的;极好的

early 15c.「不可信的」,in-(否定)+credible;17c 起口语「极好的、惊人的」。

形 难以置信的;极好的

▪ The view was incredible.
景色美极了。

▪ She told an incredible story.
她讲了一个令人难以置信的故事。

▪ They showed incredible courage.
他们表现出难以置信的勇气。

▪ The meal tasted incredible.
这顿饭好吃极了。

incredibly/ɪnˈkredəbli/A
in- / credible / -ly

极其,非常;难以置信地

incredible+-ly;由「不可信地」虚化为程度副词「极其」。

副 极其,非常;难以置信地

▪ She ran incredibly fast.
她跑得极快。

▪ They were incredibly kind.
他们极其友善。

▪ The task was incredibly hard.
这项任务难得令人难以置信。

▪ He reacted incredibly fast.
他反应快得惊人。

accredit/əˈkredɪt/B
ac- / credit

认可,认证;委任,授权;归因于

1620s「授权、给予信任状」,法语 accréditer,晚期拉丁 accreditare「给予信用」,ad-(向)+creditum(信用);「认证机构合格」义 19c。

动 认可,认证;委任,授权;归因于

▪ The agency accredited the school.
该机构认证了这所学校。

▪ They accredited the lab.
他们认可了这家实验室。

▪ She was accredited as a trainer.
她被认证为培训师。

▪ The program is fully accredited.
这个项目获得全面认证。

credentials/krəˈdenʃlz/A
credent / -ial / letters

资历,资格证明;国书;证书

1670s(又作 credential),截短自 letters credential「信用状」(1520s,仿法语词序),更早是 letter of credence;中世纪拉丁 credentialis,credentia(见 cred

名 资历,资格证明;国书;证书

▪ She showed her credentials.
她出示了资格证明。

▪ They checked his credentials.
他们核查了他的资历。

▪ The ambassador presented his credentials.
大使递交了国书。

▪ Her credentials impressed the board.
她的资历打动了董事会。

credulous/ˈkredʒələs/A
cred / -ulous

轻信的,易受骗的

1570s「轻易相信的」,拉丁 credulus「愿意相信的、轻信的」,credere+-ulus(倾向于…的)。

形 轻信的,易受骗的

▪ The credulous child believed the story.
这个轻信的孩子相信了那个故事。

▪ They tricked the credulous tourists.
他们欺骗了轻信的游客。

▪ He is too credulous.
他太容易相信别人。

▪ The credulous buyer paid too much.
那个轻信的买家花了冤枉钱。

credibly/ˈkredəbli/C
credible
-ly。

可信地,可靠地

拉丁词根 cred 派生:credible + -ly。

副 可信地,可靠地

▪ The team credibly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前可信地完成了任务。

▪ She credibly checked the results and then signed the form.
她可信地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were credibly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被可信地修改了。

▪ He spoke credibly so that everyone could understand.
他可信地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

credence/ˈkriːdns/B
cred

相信,信任;凭证

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 相信,信任;凭证

▪ The whole credence took several hours to complete.
整个相信过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper credence is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的相信至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of credence with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了相信的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the credence.
经理就相信写了一份清晰的报告。

credo/ˈkriːdoʊ/B
cred

信条,准则;(Credo)信经

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 信条,准则;(Credo)信经

▪ The credo is widely used in this kind of work.
信条在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the credo in a safe place after use.
用后请把信条放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the credo to the entrance of the building.
团队把信条搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable credo at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的信条。

credal/ˈkriːdl/C
creed
-al

信条的,教义的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:creed + -al

形 信条的,教义的

▪ The new rule will be credal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是信条的。

▪ They considered the plan credal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是信条的。

▪ The manager gave a credal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个信条的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be credal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是信条的的。

cred/kred/C
cred

(口语)信誉,可信度(credibility 截短)

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

形 (口语)信誉,可信度(credibility 截短)

▪ The new rule will be cred for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是信誉。

▪ They considered the plan cred after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是信誉。

▪ The manager gave a cred answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个信誉的答复。

▪ Every solution must be cred before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是信誉的。

creditor/ˈkredɪtər/B
cred

债权人,贷方

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 债权人,贷方

▪ The creditor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位债权人比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained creditor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的债权人知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced creditor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的债权人。

▪ The creditor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,债权人回答了记者的提问。

credited/ˈkredɪtɪd/C
cred

被归功的;被认可的;入账的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

形 被归功的;被认可的;入账的

▪ The new rule will be credited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是被归功的。

▪ They considered the plan credited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是被归功的。

▪ The manager gave a credited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个被归功的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be credited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是被归功的的。

credits/ˈkredɪts/C
cred

(电影)片尾字幕;学分(复数)

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 (电影)片尾字幕;学分(复数)

▪ The credits is widely used in this kind of work.
片尾字幕在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the credits in a safe place after use.
用后请把片尾字幕放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the credits to the entrance of the building.
团队把片尾字幕搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable credits at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的片尾字幕。

creditable/ˈkredɪtəbl/B
1520s「可带来信誉/荣誉的」,credit
-able;现代义「值得称赞的、还不错的」。

值得赞扬的,体面的(≠可信的)

拉丁词根 cred 派生:1520s「可带来信誉/荣誉的」,credit + -able;现代义「值得称赞的、还不错的」。

形 值得赞扬的,体面的(≠可信的)

▪ The new rule will be creditable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是值得赞扬的。

▪ They considered the plan creditable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是值得赞扬的。

▪ The manager gave a creditable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个值得赞扬的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be creditable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是值得赞扬的的。

creditably/ˈkredɪtəbli/C
creditable
-ly。

值得赞扬地,体面地

拉丁词根 cred 派生:creditable + -ly。

副 值得赞扬地,体面地

▪ The team creditably finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前值得赞扬地完成了任务。

▪ She creditably checked the results and then signed the form.
她值得赞扬地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were creditably changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被值得赞扬地修改了。

▪ He spoke creditably so that everyone could understand.
他值得赞扬地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

creditworthy/ˈkredɪtˌwɜːrði/C
credit
worthy

信用可靠的,有资格获贷的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:credit + worthy

形 信用可靠的,有资格获贷的

▪ The new rule will be creditworthy for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是信用可靠的。

▪ They considered the plan creditworthy after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是信用可靠的。

▪ The manager gave a creditworthy answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个信用可靠的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be creditworthy before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是信用可靠的的。

creditworthiness/ˈkredɪtˌwɜːrðinəs/C
creditworthy
-ness。

信用可靠性,偿债能力

拉丁词根 cred 派生:creditworthy + -ness。

名 信用可靠性,偿债能力

▪ The whole creditworthiness took several hours to complete.
整个信用可靠性过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper creditworthiness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的信用可靠性至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of creditworthiness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了信用可靠性的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the creditworthiness.
经理就信用可靠性写了一份清晰的报告。

accredited/əˈkredɪtɪd/C
cred

经认证的,公认的;派驻的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

形 经认证的,公认的;派驻的

▪ The new rule will be accredited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是经认证的。

▪ They considered the plan accredited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是经认证的。

▪ The manager gave a accredited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个经认证的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be accredited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是经认证的的。

accreditation/əˌkredɪˈteɪʃn/C
1812 accredit
-ation

认证,认可;委任

拉丁词根 cred 派生:1812 accredit + -ation

名 认证,认可;委任

▪ The whole accreditation took several hours to complete.
整个认证过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper accreditation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的认证至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of accreditation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了认证的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the accreditation.
经理就认证写了一份清晰的报告。

unaccredited/ˌʌnəˈkredɪtɪd/C
un-
accredited。

未经认证的,未获授权的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:un- + accredited。

形 未经认证的,未获授权的

▪ The new rule will be unaccredited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是未经认证的。

▪ They considered the plan unaccredited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是未经认证的。

▪ The manager gave a unaccredited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个未经认证的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be unaccredited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是未经认证的的。

discredit/dɪsˈkredɪt/B
cred

败坏名声;怀疑;耻辱

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 败坏名声;怀疑;耻辱

▪ The discredit is widely used in this kind of work.
败坏名声在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the discredit in a safe place after use.
用后请把败坏名声放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the discredit to the entrance of the building.
团队把败坏名声搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable discredit at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的败坏名声。

discredited/dɪsˈkredɪtɪd/C
cred

名声败坏的;(说法)被推翻的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

形 名声败坏的;(说法)被推翻的

▪ The new rule will be discredited for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是名声败坏的。

▪ They considered the plan discredited after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是名声败坏的。

▪ The manager gave a discredited answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个名声败坏的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be discredited before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是名声败坏的的。

discreditable/dɪsˈkredɪtəbl/C
discredit
-able

有损名誉的,不光彩的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:discredit + -able

形 有损名誉的,不光彩的

▪ The new rule will be discreditable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有损名誉的。

▪ They considered the plan discreditable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有损名誉的。

▪ The manager gave a discreditable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有损名誉的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be discreditable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有损名誉的的。

discreditably/dɪsˈkredɪtəbli/C
discreditable
-ly。

有损名誉地,不光彩地

拉丁词根 cred 派生:discreditable + -ly。

副 有损名誉地,不光彩地

▪ The team discreditably finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前有损名誉地完成了任务。

▪ She discreditably checked the results and then signed the form.
她有损名誉地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were discreditably changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被有损名誉地修改了。

▪ He spoke discreditably so that everyone could understand.
他有损名誉地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

credulity/krɪˈduːləti/B
cred

轻信,易受骗

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 轻信,易受骗

▪ The whole credulity took several hours to complete.
整个轻信过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper credulity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的轻信至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of credulity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了轻信的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the credulity.
经理就轻信写了一份清晰的报告。

credulously/ˈkredʒələsli/C
credulous
-ly。

轻信地

拉丁词根 cred 派生:credulous + -ly。

副 轻信地

▪ The team credulously finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前轻信地完成了任务。

▪ She credulously checked the results and then signed the form.
她轻信地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were credulously changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被轻信地修改了。

▪ He spoke credulously so that everyone could understand.
他轻信地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

incredulous/ɪnˈkredʒələs/B
cred

不轻信的,怀疑的(指人/神情)

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

形 不轻信的,怀疑的(指人/神情)

▪ The new rule will be incredulous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不轻信的。

▪ They considered the plan incredulous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不轻信的。

▪ The manager gave a incredulous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不轻信的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be incredulous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不轻信的的。

incredulity/ˌɪnkrəˈduːləti/B
cred

不轻信,怀疑(的态度)

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 不轻信,怀疑(的态度)

▪ The whole incredulity took several hours to complete.
整个不轻信过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper incredulity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的不轻信至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of incredulity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了不轻信的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the incredulity.
经理就不轻信写了一份清晰的报告。

incredulously/ɪnˈkredʒələsli/C
incredulous
-ly。

怀疑地,不相信地

拉丁词根 cred 派生:incredulous + -ly。

副 怀疑地,不相信地

▪ The team incredulously finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前怀疑地完成了任务。

▪ She incredulously checked the results and then signed the form.
她怀疑地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were incredulously changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被怀疑地修改了。

▪ He spoke incredulously so that everyone could understand.
他怀疑地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

credential/krəˈdenʃl/B
cred

证书,凭据;证明资格的;提供证明

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 证书,凭据;证明资格的;提供证明

▪ The credential is widely used in this kind of work.
证书在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the credential in a safe place after use.
用后请把证书放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the credential to the entrance of the building.
团队把证书搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable credential at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的证书。

credenza/krɪˈdenzə/C
cred

餐柜,餐具柜

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 餐柜,餐具柜

▪ The credenza is widely used in this kind of work.
餐柜在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the credenza in a safe place after use.
用后请把餐柜放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the credenza to the entrance of the building.
团队把餐柜搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable credenza at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的餐柜。

miscreant/ˈmɪskriənt/C
cred

恶棍,歹徒;邪恶的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 恶棍,歹徒;邪恶的

▪ The miscreant is widely used in this kind of work.
恶棍在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the miscreant in a safe place after use.
用后请把恶棍放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the miscreant to the entrance of the building.
团队把恶棍搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable miscreant at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的恶棍。

recreant/ˈrekriənt/C
cred

叛徒,懦夫;不忠的,怯懦的

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred

名 叛徒,懦夫;不忠的,怯懦的

▪ The recreant arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位叛徒比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained recreant knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的叛徒知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced recreant for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的叛徒。

▪ The recreant answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,叛徒回答了记者的提问。

grantee/ɡrænˈtiː/C
late 15c 法律用语 grant
-ee

受让人,被授予者

拉丁词根 cred 派生:late 15c 法律用语 grant + -ee

名 受让人,被授予者

▪ The grantee arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位受让人比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained grantee knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的受让人知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced grantee for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的受让人。

▪ The grantee answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,受让人回答了记者的提问。

grantor/ˈɡræntər/C
grant
-or

授予人,让渡人(法律)

拉丁词根 cred 派生:grant + -or

名 授予人,让渡人(法律)

▪ The grantor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位授予人比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained grantor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的授予人知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced grantor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的授予人。

▪ The grantor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,授予人回答了记者的提问。

granter/ˈɡræntər/C
grant
-er

授予者,批准者

拉丁词根 cred 派生:grant + -er

名 授予者,批准者

▪ The granter arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位授予者比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained granter knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的授予者知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced granter for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的授予者。

▪ The granter answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,授予者回答了记者的提问。

credenda/krɪˈdendə/B
cred
end
a

信条,教条

拉丁词根 cred 派生:cred + end + a

名 信条,教条

▪ The credenda is widely used in this kind of work.
信条在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the credenda in a safe place after use.
用后请把信条放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the credenda to the entrance of the building.
团队把信条搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable credenda at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的信条。

考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS

注意:grant 与 credere

grant 是 credere 经古法语(cr-→gr-)入英,本义「托付、承认」;勿把 grant 当成与 cred- 无关的独立词。

cred- 与 cord- 的深层联系

credere 字面=cor「心」+dō「给」;故 cred-(相信)与 cord-(心)在 PIE 层同源,都是「心」的引申。

词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE

PIE *kerd-dha-(to put heart, believe)
│
├─ 拉丁 credō · credere · credidī · creditum(第三变位,重叠完成)
│  ├─ 现在词干 cred-:credible · incredible · credulous · creed
│  ├─ 分词词干 credit-:credit · creditor · credentials · accredit
│  └─ 古法 gr- 软化:grant
│
├─ 希腊:*kerd-dha- 无公认对应
│
└─ 日耳曼:英语 believe/trust(本族,不同根)

证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD

判定 cred- 同根,以重叠完成与 creditum 为决定性证据。

形态证据

三词干

cred-/credid-/credit- 同根;credit、credible 分别挂两词干。

音变证据

credere→granter / -bilis→-ble

古法 cr-→gr-。

共时词族

11 词闭环

本页 11 词都由 cred-/credit- 加 -ible/-ity/-ulous 生成。

借词断代:grant 经古法语最早入英(12 世纪);credit、credentials 是 16 世纪后直接借拉丁商业词。

外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES

N · 日耳曼 believe(本族)

believe

英语 believe/trust 语义对应 credere,词源不同根

高阶拉丁 · credit-

credit-

creditor「债权人」· accredit「委派/认证」· creed「教义」

一屏速记 · 43 词

credibility/ˌkredəˈbɪləti/

名 可信性,可靠性,公信力

构cred / -ibil- / -ity

例The scandal hurt his credibility

credible/ˈkredəbl/

形 可信的,可靠的

构cred / -ible

例They gave a credible explanation

credit/ˈkredɪt/

名 信用;动 学分;动 归功;动 贷方;动 相信

构credit

例She bought the shoes on credit

creed/kriːd/

名 信条,教义;信念

构credo

例They followed an old creed

grant/ɡrænt/

动 授予,同意,承认;名 拨款

构

例They granted her request

granted/ˈɡræntɪd/

连 诚然,假定;形 被授予的;形 视为当然的

构grant / -ed

例granted, the plan is risky

incredible/ɪnˈkredəbl/

形 难以置信的;极好的

构in- / cred / -ible

例The view was incredible

incredibly/ɪnˈkredəbli/

副 极其,非常;难以置信地

构in- / credible / -ly

例She ran incredibly fast

accredit/əˈkredɪt/

动 认可,认证;委任,授权;归因于

构ac- / credit

例The agency accredited the school

credentials/krəˈdenʃlz/

名 资历,资格证明;国书;证书

构credent / -ial / letters

例She showed her credentials

credulous/ˈkredʒələs/

形 轻信的,易受骗的

构cred / -ulous

例The credulous child believed the story

credibly/ˈkredəbli/

副 可信地,可靠地

源credible + -ly。

构credible + -ly。

例The team credibly finished the task before the deadline.

credence/ˈkriːdns/

名 相信,信任;凭证

源cred

构cred

例The whole credence took several hours to complete.

credo/ˈkriːdoʊ/

名 信条,准则;(Credo)信经

源cred

构cred

例The credo is widely used in this kind of work.

credal/ˈkriːdl/

形 信条的,教义的

源creed + -al

构creed + -al

例The new rule will be credal for everyone in the group.

cred/kred/

形 (口语)信誉,可信度(credibility 截短)

源cred

构cred

例The new rule will be cred for everyone in the group.

creditor/ˈkredɪtər/

名 债权人,贷方

源cred

构cred

例The creditor arrived at the office earlier than usual.

credited/ˈkredɪtɪd/

形 被归功的;被认可的;入账的

源cred

构cred

例The new rule will be credited for everyone in the group.

credits/ˈkredɪts/

名 (电影)片尾字幕;学分(复数)

源cred

构cred

例The credits is widely used in this kind of work.

creditable/ˈkredɪtəbl/

形 值得赞扬的,体面的(≠可信的)

源1520s「可带来信誉/荣誉的」,credit + -able;现代义「值得称赞的、还不错的」。

构1520s「可带来信誉/荣誉的」,credit + -able;现代义「值得称赞的、还不错的」。

例The new rule will be creditable for everyone in the group.

creditably/ˈkredɪtəbli/

副 值得赞扬地,体面地

源creditable + -ly。

构creditable + -ly。

例The team creditably finished the task before the deadline.

creditworthy/ˈkredɪtˌwɜːrði/

形 信用可靠的,有资格获贷的

源credit + worthy

构credit + worthy

例The new rule will be creditworthy for everyone in the group.

creditworthiness/ˈkredɪtˌwɜːrðinəs/

名 信用可靠性,偿债能力

源creditworthy + -ness。

构creditworthy + -ness。

例The whole creditworthiness took several hours to complete.

accredited/əˈkredɪtɪd/

形 经认证的,公认的;派驻的

源cred

构cred

例The new rule will be accredited for everyone in the group.

accreditation/əˌkredɪˈteɪʃn/

名 认证,认可;委任

源1812 accredit + -ation

构1812 accredit + -ation

例The whole accreditation took several hours to complete.

unaccredited/ˌʌnəˈkredɪtɪd/

形 未经认证的,未获授权的

源un- + accredited。

构un- + accredited。

例The new rule will be unaccredited for everyone in the group.

discredit/dɪsˈkredɪt/

名 败坏名声;怀疑;耻辱

源cred

构cred

例The discredit is widely used in this kind of work.

discredited/dɪsˈkredɪtɪd/

形 名声败坏的;(说法)被推翻的

源cred

构cred

例The new rule will be discredited for everyone in the group.

discreditable/dɪsˈkredɪtəbl/

形 有损名誉的,不光彩的

源discredit + -able

构discredit + -able

例The new rule will be discreditable for everyone in the group.

discreditably/dɪsˈkredɪtəbli/

副 有损名誉地,不光彩地

源discreditable + -ly。

构discreditable + -ly。

例The team discreditably finished the task before the deadline.

credulity/krɪˈduːləti/

名 轻信,易受骗

源cred

构cred

例The whole credulity took several hours to complete.

credulously/ˈkredʒələsli/

副 轻信地

源credulous + -ly。

构credulous + -ly。

例The team credulously finished the task before the deadline.

incredulous/ɪnˈkredʒələs/

形 不轻信的,怀疑的(指人/神情)

源cred

构cred

例The new rule will be incredulous for everyone in the group.

incredulity/ˌɪnkrəˈduːləti/

名 不轻信,怀疑(的态度)

源cred

构cred

例The whole incredulity took several hours to complete.

incredulously/ɪnˈkredʒələsli/

副 怀疑地,不相信地

源incredulous + -ly。

构incredulous + -ly。

例The team incredulously finished the task before the deadline.

credential/krəˈdenʃl/

名 证书,凭据;证明资格的;提供证明

源cred

构cred

例The credential is widely used in this kind of work.

credenza/krɪˈdenzə/

名 餐柜,餐具柜

源cred

构cred

例The credenza is widely used in this kind of work.

miscreant/ˈmɪskriənt/

名 恶棍,歹徒;邪恶的

源cred

构cred

例The miscreant is widely used in this kind of work.

recreant/ˈrekriənt/

名 叛徒,懦夫;不忠的,怯懦的

源cred

构cred

例The recreant arrived at the office earlier than usual.

grantee/ɡrænˈtiː/

名 受让人,被授予者

源late 15c 法律用语 grant + -ee

构late 15c 法律用语 grant + -ee

例The grantee arrived at the office earlier than usual.

grantor/ˈɡræntər/

名 授予人,让渡人(法律)

源grant + -or

构grant + -or

例The grantor arrived at the office earlier than usual.

granter/ˈɡræntər/

名 授予者,批准者

源grant + -er

构grant + -er

例The granter arrived at the office earlier than usual.

credenda/krɪˈdendə/

名 信条,教条

源cred + end + a

构cred + end + a

例The credenda is widely used in this kind of work.

跨语族导航 NAVIGATION

cred 在三条线上的对应字根(点击可跳转)。

本页 · L017 cred
G 篇待补
N 篇待补 · believe/trust(本族,不同根)