拉丁字根 L083・ped

LATIN ROOT · L083 · 拉丁字根

ped / pod足 · 脚

PIE root *ped-「foot」

语源:拉丁借词(pes, pedis 脚);希腊 pod- 平行
拉丁第三变格名词:pes, pedis(m)
共时词族:见 cards

同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES

同一「脚」根,拉丁 pes 与希腊 pous 在 *ped- 下规则平行;英语这一族拉丁形 ped- 与希腊形 pod- 并存。

L · LATIN 拉丁(本根)

*ped- → Latin pes「foot」(属格 pedis),词干 ped-

pes / ped-

pedal · pedestrian · expedite · impede · biped · centipede(详见本页)

G · GREEK 希腊

*ped- → 希腊 πούς pous「foot」(属格 podós),词干 pod-

pous / pod-

podiatrist · tripod · pod-(医学组合形)

N · GERMANIC 日耳曼

*ped- → 日耳曼 fōt(格林定律 *p→f)

foot

英语本族 foot /fʊt/(本族词,非借词)

格林定律 Grimm’s Law:PIE *p 在日耳曼规则擦成 f-:拉丁 ped- |希腊 pod- |日耳曼 fōt(英语 foot)。三条线同根。

拉丁 ped- 与希腊 pod- 的元音交替(e/o)是印欧词干元音的两种等级,属同一 *ped-。

词根的三格 NOUN · NOMINATIVE · GENITIVE · STEM

pes 是第三变格阳性名词,主格 pes、属格 pedis 给出词干 ped-;希腊平行形 pous/podos。

NOMINATIVE 主格

pes

阳性名词;词典词条第一形「脚」

pes(解剖借词,拉丁语原貌)

GENITIVE 属格

pedis

属格去尾 -is 得词干 ped-

ped-:pedal · pedestrian · impede · expedition

STEM 词干

ped-

第三变格(属格 -is)· 阳性 m · 词干尾 -d-

ped-:biped · centipede · expedite · impede

音变小注 SOUND CHANGES

从拉丁 pes/ped- 到现代英语各词,关键语音调整。

①-alis→-al

拉丁 pedālis「脚的」入英作 pedal /ˈpedl/;词尾 -is/-em 脱落。

②-ester→-estrian

拉丁 pedester「步行的」经古法作 pedestrian /pəˈdestriən/。

③impedire 复合

拉丁 impedīre「缠住脚」=in-+ped-,入英作 impede /ɪmˈpiːd/(-d- 保留长音)。

④希腊 pod- 的 -p-

希腊 pod- 在英语组合形里保留 p:podiatrist /pəˈdaɪətrɪst/、tripod;不按拉丁 ped- 变。

形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY

pes, pedis 是第三变格阳性名词;英语借词多在词干 ped- 上加前缀与后缀。

主格

pes

脚

属格

pedis

脚的(词干 ped-)

性

m 阳性

第三变格

变格法

第三变格

辅音词干 ped-

变格样例 · 第三变格阳性(pes, pedis)

格 单数 复数 词结构
主格 Nom pes pedēs ped-/ped-ēs
属格 Gen pedis pedum ped-is/ped-um
与格 Dat pedī pedibus ped-ibus
宾格 Acc pedem pedēs ped-em
夺格 Abl pede pedibus ped-e

入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语

英语词 拉丁 古法语 入英年代
pedal pedāle piedal 16 世纪
biped bipēs(双足的) — 17 世纪(书面)
expedite expedīre(释放脚) — 17 世纪(书面)

三个关键事实:① 词干 ped- 来自属格 pedis,不是主格 pes;② impede=in-「入」+ped-「脚」=缠住脚→阻碍,expedite=ex-「出」+ped-=松开脚→加速;③ 希腊形 pod- 与拉丁形 ped- 并存(tripod/podiatrist)。

-al拉丁 -ālis:pedal
-ian拉丁 -ānus:pedestrian
-ity/-ity拉丁 -itas:(stability 类)
-ped拉丁 -pes 组合形:biped · centipede

语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP

pes 核心是「脚」,向「步行」「缠住/松开脚=阻碍/加快」引申。

脚

拉丁本义

→

踏脚之物

pedal

→

步行者

pedestrian
缠住脚

in-+ped-

→

阻碍

impede

→

阻抗

impediment
松开脚

ex-+ped-

→

使顺畅、加快

expedite · expedition

→

远征队

expedition
习语(由「脚」义推出):at foot · fleet of foot · pedal to the metal · impediment「阻碍」。
expedite/ˈekspədaɪt/A
ex-ped-

出;把脚松开→加速

拉丁 expedire「松开脚、解镣、使就绪」,ex-「出、脱离」+pes·pedis;15世纪入英。

动 加快,促进

衍

expedient adj/n 权宜的,权宜之计 expedition n 远征,探险队,迅速

▪ The new software will expedite the application process.
新软件将加快申请流程。

▪ They hired extra staff to expedite delivery.
他们增聘员工以加快配送。

▪ Please expedite the repair before the weekend.
请在周末前加急修好。

▪ The courier expedited the urgent parcel.
快递加急发送了这个紧急包裹。

impede/ɪmˈpiːd/A
in-ped-

进入;脚被套住→阻碍

拉丁 impedire「把脚套住、缠住」,in-「进入」+pes·pedis「脚」(原指套住脚的脚镣 pedica);17世纪入英。

动 阻碍,妨碍

衍

impediment n 障碍,言语障碍 unimpeded adj 不受阻碍的,畅通的

▪ A fallen tree impeded the road.
一棵倒下的树挡住了道路。

▪ Lack of funding impeded the research.
资金短缺阻碍了这项研究。

▪ Heavy luggage can impede a quick exit.
沉重的行李会妨碍快速撤离。

▪ One bad rule should not impede good work.
一条糟糕的规则不应妨碍良好的工作。

octopus/ˈɑːktəpəs/A
octo-pod-

八;八脚

现代拉丁 octopus<希腊 oktōpous「八脚的」=oktō「八」+pous「脚」;18世纪入英。

名 章鱼

▪ The octopus changed color to hide from predators.
章鱼变色以躲避捕食者。

▪ We watched an octopus crawl over the reef.
我们看一只章鱼爬过珊瑚礁。

▪ The aquarium has a giant pacific octopus.
水族馆里有一只北太平洋巨型章鱼。

▪ An octopus has eight arms and three hearts.
章鱼有八条腕和三颗心脏。

pedal/ˈpedl/A
pes-al

脚;脚的→踏板

拉丁 pedalis「脚的」,来自 pes·pedis;17世纪入英指「脚的」,19世纪指自行车踏板。

名 n. 踏板 v. 踩踏板

衍

backpedal v 倒踩踏板,改口,退缩 moped n 轻便摩托车,助力车 velocipede n 早期脚踏车,自行车前身

▪ She pressed the pedal to slow the bike.
她踩下踏板使自行车减速。

▪ He pedaled up the steep hill with effort.
他费力地蹬车上陡坡。

▪ The piano pedal softens the sound.
钢琴踏板能柔化声音。

▪ The child reached the pedals of the old organ.
孩子够到了旧风琴的踏板。

pedestrian/pəˈdestriən/A
ped--ester-ian

脚;步行者

拉丁 pedester(属格 pedestris)「步行的、平淡的」,字面「在脚上的」(对 equester「骑马的」),来自 pedes「步行者」<pes;形容词 1716 年入英先指文章「平淡」,名词「行人」1793 年。

名 n. 行人 adj. 平淡的

▪ A pedestrian crossed against the light.
一名行人闯红灯过马路。

▪ The street has a separate pedestrian path.
这条街有单独的人行道。

▪ The lecture was pedestrian and hard to follow.
这场讲座平淡乏味,难以跟上。

▪ Drivers must watch for pedestrians at the crossing.
司机在路口必须留意行人。

arthropod/ˈɑːrθrəpɑːd/A
arthro-pod-

关节;节足

希腊 arthron「关节」+pous·podos「脚」;19世纪造词。

名 节肢动物

▪ An insect is the most common arthropod.
昆虫是最常见的节肢动物。

▪ The museum displays every major arthropod group.
博物馆展出各大节肢动物类群。

▪ Scientists classified the fossil as an arthropod.
科学家把这块化石归为节肢动物。

▪ The arthropod sheds its outer shell as it grows.
节肢动物生长时会蜕去外壳。

biped/ˈbaɪped/A
bi-ped-

二;两只脚

拉丁 bipes·bipedis「两脚的」,bi-「二」+pes;17世纪入英。

名 两足动物

衍

quadruped n 四足动物 pinniped n 鳍脚类动物,鳍脚的 sesquipedalian adj 词语冗长的,多音节的

▪ Humans are a familiar biped.
人类是一种常见的两足动物。

▪ The dinosaur walked as a fast biped.
这种恐龙以双足快速行走。

▪ A biped balances on two legs.
两足动物用两条腿保持平衡。

▪ The fossil shows the foot of an early biped.
化石显示了早期两足动物的足部。

centipede/ˈsentɪpiːd/A
centi-ped-

百;百脚

拉丁 centipeda「百脚虫」,centum「百」+pes;17世纪入英。

名 蜈蚣

衍

millipede n 千足虫,马陆

▪ A centipede crawled across the garden wall.
一只蜈蚣爬过花园的墙。

▪ The child pointed at the long centipede.
孩子指着那条长长的蜈蚣。

▪ A centipede uses its many legs to run fast.
蜈蚣用众多的腿快速奔跑。

▪ The gardener moved the centipede to the grass.
园丁把蜈蚣移到草地上。

expedient/ɪkˈspiːdiənt/A
ex-ped--ent

出;解得开的→方便的

拉丁 expediens(属格 expedientis),expedire 的现在分词,原义「解开的、有利的」;14世纪入英。

形 权宜的 名 权宜之计

▪ It was expedient to leave before the storm.
在暴风雨前离开是权宜之计。

▪ They chose an expedient but unfair solution.
他们选择了权宜却不公平的解决办法。

▪ A temporary bridge proved the most expedient option.
临时桥被证明是最省事的选择。

▪ He acted for political expedient reasons.
他出于政治权宜的理由行事。

expedition/ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/A
ex-ped--ion

出;松脚出发→出兵

拉丁 expeditio(属格 expeditionis)「整装出发、远征」,expedire 的动作名词;15世纪入英。

名 远征;探险队;迅速

▪ The expedition crossed the desert in forty days.
探险队用四十天穿越了沙漠。

▪ They joined a scientific expedition to Antarctica.
他们参加了一次赴南极的科学考察。

▪ The shopping expedition took longer than planned.
这次采购之行比计划花的时间长。

▪ The leader praised the expedition of the rescue team.
领队称赞救援队行动迅速。

impediment/ɪmˈpedɪmənt/A
impede-ment

名词

拉丁 impedimentum「阻碍物」,impedire+-mentum;14世纪入英。

名 障碍,妨碍;言语障碍

▪ A speech impediment made her words slow.
言语障碍使她说话缓慢。

▪ The main impediment to progress was funding.
阻碍进展的主要障碍是资金。

▪ He overcame every impediment to finish school.
他克服了一切障碍完成了学业。

▪ Legal impediments delayed the project.
法律上的障碍拖延了项目。

quadruped/ˈkwɑːdruped/A
quadri-ped-

四;四只脚

拉丁 quadrupes·quadrupedis「四脚的」,quadri-「四」+pes;17世纪入英。

名 四足动物

▪ A horse is a large quadruped.
马是一种大型四足动物。

▪ The quadruped galloped across the plain.
那只四足动物飞奔过平原。

▪ Zoologists compare the gaits of the quadruped.
动物学家比较四足动物的步态。

▪ The fossil belongs to an ancient quadruped.
这块化石属于一种古老的四足动物。

tripod/ˈtraɪpɑːd/A
tri-pod-

三;三脚

希腊 tripous「三脚的」=tri-「三」+pous;17世纪入英。

名 三脚架

▪ She set the camera on a tripod for the night shot.
她把相机架在三脚架上拍夜景。

▪ The telescope tripod stood on the hill.
望远镜三脚架立在小山上。

▪ A steady tripod prevents blurry photos.
稳固的三脚架能防止照片模糊。

▪ The painter used a small tripod for his paints.
画家使用一个小三脚架放颜料。

bipedal/ˌbaɪˈpedl/C
ped/pod

两足的,双足行走的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 两足的,双足行走的

▪ The new rule will be bipedal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是两足的。

▪ They considered the plan bipedal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是两足的。

▪ The manager gave a bipedal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个两足的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be bipedal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是两足的的。

expeditious/ˌekspəˈdɪʃəs/B
ped/pod

迅速的,高效的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 迅速的,高效的

▪ The new rule will be expeditious for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是迅速的。

▪ They considered the plan expeditious after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是迅速的。

▪ The manager gave a expeditious answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个迅速的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be expeditious before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是迅速的的。

expeditiously/ˌekspəˈdɪʃəsli/C
ped/pod

迅速地,高效地

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

副 迅速地,高效地

▪ The team expeditiously finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前迅速地完成了任务。

▪ She expeditiously checked the results and then signed the form.
她迅速地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were expeditiously changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被迅速地修改了。

▪ He spoke expeditiously so that everyone could understand.
他迅速地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

impedance/ɪmˈpiːdᵊns/B
ped/pod

阻抗(电路);阻碍

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 阻抗(电路);阻碍

▪ The whole impedance took several hours to complete.
整个阻抗过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper impedance is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的阻抗至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of impedance with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了阻抗的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the impedance.
经理就阻抗写了一份清晰的报告。

moped/ˈmoʊped/C
ped/pod

轻便摩托车,助力车

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 轻便摩托车,助力车

▪ The new rule will be moped for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是轻便摩托车。

▪ They considered the plan moped after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是轻便摩托车。

▪ The manager gave a moped answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个轻便摩托车的答复。

▪ Every solution must be moped before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是轻便摩托车的。

pedestal/ˈpedɪstl/B
ped/pod

底座,基座;柱脚

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 底座,基座;柱脚

▪ The pedestal is widely used in this kind of work.
底座在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the pedestal in a safe place after use.
用后请把底座放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the pedestal to the entrance of the building.
团队把底座搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable pedestal at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的底座。

pedicure/ˈpedɪkjʊr/B
ped/pod

足部护理,足疗;做足疗

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 足部护理,足疗;做足疗

▪ The pedicure arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位足部护理比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained pedicure knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的足部护理知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced pedicure for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的足部护理。

▪ The pedicure answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,足部护理回答了记者的提问。

pedigree/ˈpedɪɡriː/B
ped/pod

家谱,血统;纯种证明

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 家谱,血统;纯种证明

▪ The pedigree arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位家谱比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained pedigree knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的家谱知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced pedigree for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的家谱。

▪ The pedigree answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,家谱回答了记者的提问。

pinniped/ˈpɪnəped/C
ped/pod

鳍脚类(海豹/海狮/海象);鳍脚的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 鳍脚类(海豹/海狮/海象);鳍脚的

▪ The new rule will be pinniped for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是鳍脚类。

▪ They considered the plan pinniped after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是鳍脚类。

▪ The manager gave a pinniped answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个鳍脚类的答复。

▪ Every solution must be pinniped before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是鳍脚类的。

sesquipedalian/ˌseskwɪpəˈdeɪliən/C
ped/pod

(词语)冗长的,多音节的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 (词语)冗长的,多音节的

▪ The new rule will be sesquipedalian for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是冗长的。

▪ They considered the plan sesquipedalian after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是冗长的。

▪ The manager gave a sesquipedalian answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个冗长的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be sesquipedalian before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是冗长的的。

unimpeded/ˌʌnɪmˈpiːdəd/C
ped/pod

不受阻碍的,畅通的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 不受阻碍的,畅通的

▪ The new rule will be unimpeded for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不受阻碍的。

▪ They considered the plan unimpeded after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不受阻碍的。

▪ The manager gave a unimpeded answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不受阻碍的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be unimpeded before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不受阻碍的的。

velocipede/vəˈlɑːsəpiːd/C
ped/pod

早期脚踏车(自行车前身)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 早期脚踏车(自行车前身)

▪ The velocipede is widely used in this kind of work.
早期脚踏车在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the velocipede in a safe place after use.
用后请把早期脚踏车放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the velocipede to the entrance of the building.
团队把早期脚踏车搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable velocipede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的早期脚踏车。

antipodal/ænˈtɪpədl/C
ped/pod

对跖的;截然相反的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 对跖的;截然相反的

▪ The new rule will be antipodal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是对跖的。

▪ They considered the plan antipodal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是对跖的。

▪ The manager gave a antipodal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个对跖的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be antipodal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是对跖的的。

antipode/ˈæntɪpoʊd/C
ped/pod

对跖点;正相反的事物

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 对跖点;正相反的事物

▪ The antipode is widely used in this kind of work.
对跖点在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the antipode in a safe place after use.
用后请把对跖点放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the antipode to the entrance of the building.
团队把对跖点搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable antipode at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的对跖点。

antipodean/ænˌtɪpəˈdiːən/C
ped/pod

对跖地的;澳大利亚/新西兰的;澳新人

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 对跖地的;澳大利亚/新西兰的;澳新人

▪ The new rule will be antipodean for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是对跖地的。

▪ They considered the plan antipodean after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是对跖地的。

▪ The manager gave a antipodean answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个对跖地的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be antipodean before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是对跖地的的。

antipodes/ænˈtɪpədiːz/C
ped/pod

对跖地,地球正对面;(the A-)澳新

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

副 对跖地,地球正对面;(the A-)澳新

▪ The team antipodes finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前对跖地完成了任务。

▪ She antipodes checked the results and then signed the form.
她对跖地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were antipodes changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被对跖地修改了。

▪ He spoke antipodes so that everyone could understand.
他对跖地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

apodal/ˈæpədəl/C
ped/pod

无足的(蛇/鳗)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 无足的(蛇/鳗)

▪ The new rule will be apodal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是无足的。

▪ They considered the plan apodal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是无足的。

▪ The manager gave a apodal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个无足的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be apodal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是无足的的。

decapod/ˈdekəpɑːd/B
ped/pod

十足类(虾/蟹)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 十足类(虾/蟹)

▪ The decapod is widely used in this kind of work.
十足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the decapod in a safe place after use.
用后请把十足类放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the decapod to the entrance of the building.
团队把十足类搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable decapod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的十足类。

hexapod/ˈheksəpɑːd/B
ped/pod

六足类(昆虫);六足机器人

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 六足类(昆虫);六足机器人

▪ The hexapod is widely used in this kind of work.
六足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the hexapod in a safe place after use.
用后请把六足类放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the hexapod to the entrance of the building.
团队把六足类搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable hexapod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的六足类。

isopod/ˈaɪsəpɑːd/C
ped/pod

等足类(潮虫/鼠妇)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 等足类(潮虫/鼠妇)

▪ The isopod is widely used in this kind of work.
等足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the isopod in a safe place after use.
用后请把等足类放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the isopod to the entrance of the building.
团队把等足类搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable isopod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的等足类。

myriapod/ˈmɪriəpɑːd/C
ped/pod

多足类(蜈蚣/马陆)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 多足类(蜈蚣/马陆)

▪ The myriapod is widely used in this kind of work.
多足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the myriapod in a safe place after use.
用后请把多足类放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the myriapod to the entrance of the building.
团队把多足类搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable myriapod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的多足类。

parallelepiped/ˌpærəˌleləˈpaɪpɪd/C
ped/pod

平行六面体

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 平行六面体

▪ The new rule will be parallelepiped for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是平行六面体。

▪ They considered the plan parallelepiped after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是平行六面体。

▪ The manager gave a parallelepiped answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个平行六面体的答复。

▪ Every solution must be parallelepiped before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是平行六面体的。

platypus/ˈplætɪpəs/C
ped/pod

鸭嘴兽

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 鸭嘴兽

▪ The platypus is widely used in this kind of work.
鸭嘴兽在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the platypus in a safe place after use.
用后请把鸭嘴兽放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the platypus to the entrance of the building.
团队把鸭嘴兽搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable platypus at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的鸭嘴兽。

podium/ˈpoʊdiəm/B
ped/pod

讲台,指挥台;领奖台;基座

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 讲台,指挥台;领奖台;基座

▪ The podium is widely used in this kind of work.
讲台在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the podium in a safe place after use.
用后请把讲台放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the podium to the entrance of the building.
团队把讲台搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable podium at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的讲台。

polyp/ˈpɑːlɪp/C
ped/pod

珊瑚虫,水螅体;息肉

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 珊瑚虫,水螅体;息肉

▪ The polyp is widely used in this kind of work.
珊瑚虫在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the polyp in a safe place after use.
用后请把珊瑚虫放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the polyp to the entrance of the building.
团队把珊瑚虫搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable polyp at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的珊瑚虫。

pseudopod/ˈsuːdoʊpɑːd/C
ped/pod

伪足(变形虫)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 伪足(变形虫)

▪ The pseudopod is widely used in this kind of work.
伪足在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the pseudopod in a safe place after use.
用后请把伪足放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the pseudopod to the entrance of the building.
团队把伪足搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable pseudopod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的伪足。

sauropod/ˈsɔːrəpɑːd/C
ped/pod

蜥脚类恐龙(长颈植食恐龙)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 蜥脚类恐龙(长颈植食恐龙)

▪ The sauropod is widely used in this kind of work.
蜥脚类恐龙在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the sauropod in a safe place after use.
用后请把蜥脚类恐龙放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the sauropod to the entrance of the building.
团队把蜥脚类恐龙搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable sauropod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的蜥脚类恐龙。

tetrapod/ˈtetrəpɑːd/C
ped/pod

四足类(两栖/爬行/鸟/哺乳)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 四足类(两栖/爬行/鸟/哺乳)

▪ The tetrapod is widely used in this kind of work.
四足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the tetrapod in a safe place after use.
用后请把四足类放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the tetrapod to the entrance of the building.
团队把四足类搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable tetrapod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的四足类。

theropod/ˈθɪrəpɑːd/C
ped/pod

兽脚类恐龙(霸王龙等肉食恐龙)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 兽脚类恐龙(霸王龙等肉食恐龙)

▪ The theropod is widely used in this kind of work.
兽脚类恐龙在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the theropod in a safe place after use.
用后请把兽脚类恐龙放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the theropod to the entrance of the building.
团队把兽脚类恐龙搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable theropod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的兽脚类恐龙。

trapezium/trəˈpiːziəm/C
ped/pod

不规则四边形(英);梯形(美旧义);大多角骨

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 不规则四边形(英);梯形(美旧义);大多角骨

▪ The trapezium is widely used in this kind of work.
不规则四边形在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the trapezium in a safe place after use.
用后请把不规则四边形放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the trapezium to the entrance of the building.
团队把不规则四边形搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable trapezium at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的不规则四边形。

trapezoid/ˈtræpəˌzɔɪd/C
ped/pod

梯形(美);不规则四边形(英)

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 梯形(美);不规则四边形(英)

▪ The trapezoid is widely used in this kind of work.
梯形在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the trapezoid in a safe place after use.
用后请把梯形放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the trapezoid to the entrance of the building.
团队把梯形搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable trapezoid at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的梯形。

expediencyɪkˈspiːdɪənsiB
ex
ped
i
ency

权宜,方便,私利

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ex + ped + i + ency

名 权宜,方便,私利

▪ The expediency is widely used in this kind of work.
权宜在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the expediency in a safe place after use.
用后请把权宜放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the expediency to the entrance of the building.
团队把权宜搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable expediency at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的权宜。

expeditionaryˌekspəˈdɪʃənriB
expedition
ary

远征的,探险的,考察的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:expedition + ary

形 远征的,探险的,考察的

▪ The new rule will be expeditionary for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是远征的。

▪ They considered the plan expeditionary after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是远征的。

▪ The manager gave a expeditionary answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个远征的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be expeditionary before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是远征的的。

octopod/ˈɒktəˌpɒd/B
ped/pod

八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的

▪ The new rule will be octopod for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的。

▪ They considered the plan octopod after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的。

▪ The manager gave a octopod answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be octopod before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的的。

orthopedics/,ɔ:θəˈpi:dɪks/B
ped/pod

矫形术;整形外科

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 矫形术;整形外科

▪ The orthopedics is widely used in this kind of work.
矫形术在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the orthopedics in a safe place after use.
用后请把矫形术放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the orthopedics to the entrance of the building.
团队把矫形术搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable orthopedics at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的矫形术。

paediatrics/ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/B
ped/pod

儿科

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 儿科

▪ The paediatrics is widely used in this kind of work.
儿科在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the paediatrics in a safe place after use.
用后请把儿科放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the paediatrics to the entrance of the building.
团队把儿科搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable paediatrics at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的儿科。

pawn/pɔːn/B
ped/pod

兵,卒;典当,抵押物vt. 典当掉;以……担保

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 兵,卒;典当,抵押物vt. 典当掉;以……担保

▪ The pawn arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位兵比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained pawn knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的兵知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced pawn for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的兵。

▪ The pawn answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,兵回答了记者的提问。

pedagogical/,pedəˈgɒdʒɪkl/B
ped/pod

教学的;教学法的;教育学的,=pedagogic

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 教学的;教学法的;教育学的,=pedagogic

▪ The new rule will be pedagogical for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是教学的。

▪ They considered the plan pedagogical after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是教学的。

▪ The manager gave a pedagogical answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个教学的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be pedagogical before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是教学的的。

pedate/ˈpedeɪt/B
ped/pod

有脚的,足状的

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

形 有脚的,足状的

▪ The new rule will be pedate for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有脚的。

▪ They considered the plan pedate after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有脚的。

▪ The manager gave a pedate answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有脚的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be pedate before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有脚的的。

pedlar/ˈpedlə(r)/B
ped/pod

(古时候的)流动小贩,亦可拼写为peddler

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 (古时候的)流动小贩,亦可拼写为peddler

▪ The pedlar arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位流动小贩比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained pedlar knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的流动小贩知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced pedlar for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的流动小贩。

▪ The pedlar answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,流动小贩回答了记者的提问。

pedophilia/ˌpiːdəˈfɪliə/B
ped/pod

恋童癖

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 恋童癖

▪ The pedophilia arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位恋童癖比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained pedophilia knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的恋童癖知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced pedophilia for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的恋童癖。

▪ The pedophilia answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,恋童癖回答了记者的提问。

pessimism/ˈpesɪmɪzəm/B
词根pes-/ped-
im
ism

悲观,悲观主义

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:词根pes-/ped- + im + ism

名 悲观,悲观主义

▪ The pessimism is widely used in this kind of work.
悲观在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the pessimism in a safe place after use.
用后请把悲观放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the pessimism to the entrance of the building.
团队把悲观搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable pessimism at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的悲观。

pilot/ˈpaɪlət/S 核心
ped/pod

飞行员;领航员adj. 试点的,试验性的vt. 驾驶,为……领航,为……做试点

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 飞行员;领航员adj. 试点的,试验性的vt. 驾驶,为……领航,为……做试点

▪ The pilot arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位飞行员比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained pilot knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的飞行员知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced pilot for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的飞行员。

▪ The pilot answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,飞行员回答了记者的提问。

pioneer/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/A
ped/pod

先锋,先驱

拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod

名 先锋,先驱

▪ The pioneer is widely used in this kind of work.
先锋在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the pioneer in a safe place after use.
用后请把先锋放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the pioneer to the entrance of the building.
团队把先锋搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable pioneer at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的先锋。

考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS

注意:foot(本族)与 ped-(借词)同根

英语本族 foot 与拉丁借词 ped-(pedal/pedestrian)、希腊 pod-(tripod)同出 PIE *ped-;三者经格林定律分化(*p→f),不是无关词。

impede 与 expedite 是「缠脚/松脚」一对

拉丁 impedīre=in-「入」+ped-「脚」=缠住脚→阻碍;expedīre=ex-「出」+ped-=松开脚→使顺畅。expedition 原指「释放脚→出征」。

存疑centipede 的词形

centipede 借自拉丁 centipeda=centum「百」+pes「脚」,百足虫;词源清楚,仅 -p- 是否重叠有小异。

词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE

PIE *ped-(foot)  ← 梵步 pād- · 希腊 pod-
│
├─ 拉丁 pes · pedis(第三变格,m)
│  └─ ped-:pedal · pedestrian · impede · expedite · expedition · biped · centipede
├─ 希腊 πούς pous · podós:tripod · podiatrist
└─ 日耳曼(*p→f):英语 foot · 荷兰 voet · 德语 Fuß

证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD

判定 ped-/pod-/foot 同根,格林定律与三语词形是决定性证据。

词形证据

pes/ped- · pous/pod- · foot

拉丁 pes、希腊 pous、日耳曼 foot 三形规则对应 *ped-。

音变证据

*p→f(格林定律)

拉丁 ped-、希腊 pod- 守 *p;日耳曼擦成 f-(foot)。

共时词族

ped- 闭环

本页词皆由 ped-+前缀(in-/ex-/bi-/centi-)生成。

三语同根验证法:拉丁 ped-、希腊 pod-、日耳曼 foot 三语并列,元音 e/o 交替与 *p→f 辅音定律同时成立,是 *ped- 最干净的印欧对应组之一。

外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES

N · 日耳曼 foot(脚)

fōt

英语本族 foot /fʊt/(格林定律 *p→f);荷兰 voet、德语 Fuß

G · 希腊 pous/podos(脚)

pod-

tripod「三脚桌」· podiatrist「足科医生」· octopus「八足」

podiatrist

n 足科医生

一屏速记 · 57 词

expedite/ˈekspədaɪt/

动加快,促进

构ex-+ped-

例the new software will expedite the application process

impede/ɪmˈpiːd/

动阻碍,妨碍

构in-+ped-

例a fallen tree impeded the road

octopus/ˈɑːktəpəs/

名章鱼

构octo-+pod-

例the octopus changed color to hide from predators

pedal/ˈpedl/

名n. 踏板 v. 踩踏板

构pes+-al

例she pressed the pedal to slow the bike

pedestrian/pəˈdestriən/

名n. 行人 adj. 平淡的

构ped-+-ester+-ian

例a pedestrian crossed against the light

arthropod/ˈɑːrθrəpɑːd/

名节肢动物

构arthro-+pod-

例an insect is the most common arthropod

biped/ˈbaɪped/

名两足动物

构bi-+ped-

例humans are a familiar biped

centipede/ˈsentɪpiːd/

名蜈蚣

构centi-+ped-

例a centipede crawled across the garden wall

expedient/ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

形权宜的;名权宜之计

构ex-+ped-+-ent

例it was expedient to leave before the storm

expedition/ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/

名远征;探险队;迅速

构ex-+ped-+-ion

例the expedition crossed the desert in forty days

impediment/ɪmˈpedɪmənt/

名障碍,妨碍;言语障碍

构impede+-ment

例a speech impediment made her words slow

quadruped/ˈkwɑːdruped/

名四足动物

构quadri-+ped-

例a horse is a large quadruped

tripod/ˈtraɪpɑːd/

名三脚架

构tri-+pod-

例she set the camera on a tripod for the night shot

bipedal/ˌbaɪˈpedl/

形 两足的,双足行走的

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be bipedal for everyone in the group.

expeditious/ˌekspəˈdɪʃəs/

形 迅速的,高效的

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be expeditious for everyone in the group.

expeditiously/ˌekspəˈdɪʃəsli/

副 迅速地,高效地

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The team expeditiously finished the task before the deadline.

impedance/ɪmˈpiːdᵊns/

名 阻抗(电路);阻碍

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The whole impedance took several hours to complete.

moped/ˈmoʊped/

形 轻便摩托车,助力车

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be moped for everyone in the group.

pedestal/ˈpedɪstl/

名 底座,基座;柱脚

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pedestal is widely used in this kind of work.

pedicure/ˈpedɪkjʊr/

名 足部护理,足疗;做足疗

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pedicure arrived at the office earlier than usual.

pedigree/ˈpedɪɡriː/

名 家谱,血统;纯种证明

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pedigree arrived at the office earlier than usual.

pinniped/ˈpɪnəped/

形 鳍脚类(海豹/海狮/海象);鳍脚的

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be pinniped for everyone in the group.

sesquipedalian/ˌseskwɪpəˈdeɪliən/

形 (词语)冗长的,多音节的

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be sesquipedalian for everyone in the group.

unimpeded/ˌʌnɪmˈpiːdəd/

形 不受阻碍的,畅通的

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be unimpeded for everyone in the group.

velocipede/vəˈlɑːsəpiːd/

名 早期脚踏车(自行车前身)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The velocipede is widely used in this kind of work.

antipodal/ænˈtɪpədl/

形 对跖的;截然相反的

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be antipodal for everyone in the group.

antipode/ˈæntɪpoʊd/

名 对跖点;正相反的事物

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The antipode is widely used in this kind of work.

antipodean/ænˌtɪpəˈdiːən/

形 对跖地的;澳大利亚/新西兰的;澳新人

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be antipodean for everyone in the group.

antipodes/ænˈtɪpədiːz/

副 对跖地,地球正对面;(the A-)澳新

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The team antipodes finished the task before the deadline.

apodal/ˈæpədəl/

形 无足的(蛇/鳗)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be apodal for everyone in the group.

decapod/ˈdekəpɑːd/

名 十足类(虾/蟹)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The decapod is widely used in this kind of work.

hexapod/ˈheksəpɑːd/

名 六足类(昆虫);六足机器人

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The hexapod is widely used in this kind of work.

isopod/ˈaɪsəpɑːd/

名 等足类(潮虫/鼠妇)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The isopod is widely used in this kind of work.

myriapod/ˈmɪriəpɑːd/

名 多足类(蜈蚣/马陆)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The myriapod is widely used in this kind of work.

parallelepiped/ˌpærəˌleləˈpaɪpɪd/

形 平行六面体

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be parallelepiped for everyone in the group.

platypus/ˈplætɪpəs/

名 鸭嘴兽

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The platypus is widely used in this kind of work.

podium/ˈpoʊdiəm/

名 讲台,指挥台;领奖台;基座

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The podium is widely used in this kind of work.

polyp/ˈpɑːlɪp/

名 珊瑚虫,水螅体;息肉

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The polyp is widely used in this kind of work.

pseudopod/ˈsuːdoʊpɑːd/

名 伪足(变形虫)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pseudopod is widely used in this kind of work.

sauropod/ˈsɔːrəpɑːd/

名 蜥脚类恐龙(长颈植食恐龙)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The sauropod is widely used in this kind of work.

tetrapod/ˈtetrəpɑːd/

名 四足类(两栖/爬行/鸟/哺乳)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The tetrapod is widely used in this kind of work.

theropod/ˈθɪrəpɑːd/

名 兽脚类恐龙(霸王龙等肉食恐龙)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The theropod is widely used in this kind of work.

trapezium/trəˈpiːziəm/

名 不规则四边形(英);梯形(美旧义);大多角骨

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The trapezium is widely used in this kind of work.

trapezoid/ˈtræpəˌzɔɪd/

名 梯形(美);不规则四边形(英)

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The trapezoid is widely used in this kind of work.

expediencyɪkˈspiːdɪənsi

名 权宜,方便,私利

源ex + ped + i + ency

构ex + ped + i + ency

例The expediency is widely used in this kind of work.

expeditionaryˌekspəˈdɪʃənri

形 远征的,探险的,考察的

源expedition + ary

构expedition + ary

例The new rule will be expeditionary for everyone in the group.

octopod/ˈɒktəˌpɒd/

形 八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be octopod for everyone in the group.

orthopedics/,ɔ:θəˈpi:dɪks/

名 矫形术;整形外科

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The orthopedics is widely used in this kind of work.

paediatrics/ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/

名 儿科

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The paediatrics is widely used in this kind of work.

pawn/pɔːn/

名 兵,卒;典当,抵押物vt. 典当掉;以……担保

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pawn arrived at the office earlier than usual.

pedagogical/,pedəˈgɒdʒɪkl/

形 教学的;教学法的;教育学的,=pedagogic

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be pedagogical for everyone in the group.

pedate/ˈpedeɪt/

形 有脚的,足状的

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The new rule will be pedate for everyone in the group.

pedlar/ˈpedlə(r)/

名 (古时候的)流动小贩,亦可拼写为peddler

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pedlar arrived at the office earlier than usual.

pedophilia/ˌpiːdəˈfɪliə/

名 恋童癖

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pedophilia arrived at the office earlier than usual.

pessimism/ˈpesɪmɪzəm/

名 悲观,悲观主义

源词根pes-/ped- + im + ism

构词根pes-/ped- + im + ism

例The pessimism is widely used in this kind of work.

pilot/ˈpaɪlət/

名 飞行员;领航员adj. 试点的,试验性的vt. 驾驶,为……领航,为……做试点

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pilot arrived at the office earlier than usual.

pioneer/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/

名 先锋,先驱

源ped/pod

构ped/pod

例The pioneer is widely used in this kind of work.

跨语族导航 NAVIGATION

ped 在日耳曼与希腊线上都有本族对应。

本页 · L083 ped/pod
G 篇待补 · pous(脚)
N 篇待补 · foot(*ped-)