LATIN ROOT · L083 · 拉丁字根
ped / pod足 · 脚
PIE root *ped-「foot」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
同一「脚」根,拉丁 pes 与希腊 pous 在 *ped- 下规则平行;英语这一族拉丁形 ped- 与希腊形 pod- 并存。
*ped- → Latin pes「foot」(属格 pedis),词干 ped-
pes / ped-
pedal · pedestrian · expedite · impede · biped · centipede(详见本页)
*ped- → 希腊 πούς pous「foot」(属格 podós),词干 pod-
pous / pod-
podiatrist · tripod · pod-(医学组合形)
*ped- → 日耳曼 fōt(格林定律 *p→f)
foot
英语本族 foot /fʊt/(本族词,非借词)
拉丁 ped- 与希腊 pod- 的元音交替(e/o)是印欧词干元音的两种等级,属同一 *ped-。
词根的三格 NOUN · NOMINATIVE · GENITIVE · STEM
pes 是第三变格阳性名词,主格 pes、属格 pedis 给出词干 ped-;希腊平行形 pous/podos。
NOMINATIVE 主格
pes
阳性名词;词典词条第一形「脚」
pes(解剖借词,拉丁语原貌)
GENITIVE 属格
pedis
属格去尾 -is 得词干 ped-
ped-:pedal · pedestrian · impede · expedition
STEM 词干
ped-
第三变格(属格 -is)· 阳性 m · 词干尾 -d-
ped-:biped · centipede · expedite · impede
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 pes/ped- 到现代英语各词,关键语音调整。
①-alis→-al
拉丁 pedālis「脚的」入英作 pedal /ˈpedl/;词尾 -is/-em 脱落。
②-ester→-estrian
拉丁 pedester「步行的」经古法作 pedestrian /pəˈdestriən/。
③impedire 复合
拉丁 impedīre「缠住脚」=in-+ped-,入英作 impede /ɪmˈpiːd/(-d- 保留长音)。
④希腊 pod- 的 -p-
希腊 pod- 在英语组合形里保留 p:podiatrist /pəˈdaɪətrɪst/、tripod;不按拉丁 ped- 变。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
pes, pedis 是第三变格阳性名词;英语借词多在词干 ped- 上加前缀与后缀。
主格
pes
脚
属格
pedis
脚的(词干 ped-)
性
m 阳性
第三变格
变格法
第三变格
辅音词干 ped-
变格样例 · 第三变格阳性(pes, pedis)
| 格 | 单数 | 复数 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主格 Nom | pes | pedēs | ped-/ped-ēs |
| 属格 Gen | pedis | pedum | ped-is/ped-um |
| 与格 Dat | pedī | pedibus | ped-ibus |
| 宾格 Acc | pedem | pedēs | ped-em |
| 夺格 Abl | pede | pedibus | ped-e |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| pedal | pedāle | piedal | 16 世纪 |
| biped | bipēs(双足的) | — | 17 世纪(书面) |
| expedite | expedīre(释放脚) | — | 17 世纪(书面) |
三个关键事实:① 词干 ped- 来自属格 pedis,不是主格 pes;② impede=in-「入」+ped-「脚」=缠住脚→阻碍,expedite=ex-「出」+ped-=松开脚→加速;③ 希腊形 pod- 与拉丁形 ped- 并存(tripod/podiatrist)。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
pes 核心是「脚」,向「步行」「缠住/松开脚=阻碍/加快」引申。
→
→
→
→
→
→
出;把脚松开→加速
拉丁 expedire「松开脚、解镣、使就绪」,ex-「出、脱离」+pes·pedis;15世纪入英。
动 加快,促进
衍
expedient adj/n 权宜的,权宜之计 expedition n 远征,探险队,迅速
▪ The new software will expedite the application process.
新软件将加快申请流程。
▪ They hired extra staff to expedite delivery.
他们增聘员工以加快配送。
▪ Please expedite the repair before the weekend.
请在周末前加急修好。
▪ The courier expedited the urgent parcel.
快递加急发送了这个紧急包裹。
进入;脚被套住→阻碍
拉丁 impedire「把脚套住、缠住」,in-「进入」+pes·pedis「脚」(原指套住脚的脚镣 pedica);17世纪入英。
动 阻碍,妨碍
衍
impediment n 障碍,言语障碍 unimpeded adj 不受阻碍的,畅通的
▪ A fallen tree impeded the road.
一棵倒下的树挡住了道路。
▪ Lack of funding impeded the research.
资金短缺阻碍了这项研究。
▪ Heavy luggage can impede a quick exit.
沉重的行李会妨碍快速撤离。
▪ One bad rule should not impede good work.
一条糟糕的规则不应妨碍良好的工作。
八;八脚
现代拉丁 octopus<希腊 oktōpous「八脚的」=oktō「八」+pous「脚」;18世纪入英。
名 章鱼
▪ The octopus changed color to hide from predators.
章鱼变色以躲避捕食者。
▪ We watched an octopus crawl over the reef.
我们看一只章鱼爬过珊瑚礁。
▪ The aquarium has a giant pacific octopus.
水族馆里有一只北太平洋巨型章鱼。
▪ An octopus has eight arms and three hearts.
章鱼有八条腕和三颗心脏。
脚;脚的→踏板
拉丁 pedalis「脚的」,来自 pes·pedis;17世纪入英指「脚的」,19世纪指自行车踏板。
名 n. 踏板 v. 踩踏板
衍
backpedal v 倒踩踏板,改口,退缩 moped n 轻便摩托车,助力车 velocipede n 早期脚踏车,自行车前身
▪ She pressed the pedal to slow the bike.
她踩下踏板使自行车减速。
▪ He pedaled up the steep hill with effort.
他费力地蹬车上陡坡。
▪ The piano pedal softens the sound.
钢琴踏板能柔化声音。
▪ The child reached the pedals of the old organ.
孩子够到了旧风琴的踏板。
脚;步行者
拉丁 pedester(属格 pedestris)「步行的、平淡的」,字面「在脚上的」(对 equester「骑马的」),来自 pedes「步行者」<pes;形容词 1716 年入英先指文章「平淡」,名词「行人」1793 年。
名 n. 行人 adj. 平淡的
▪ A pedestrian crossed against the light.
一名行人闯红灯过马路。
▪ The street has a separate pedestrian path.
这条街有单独的人行道。
▪ The lecture was pedestrian and hard to follow.
这场讲座平淡乏味,难以跟上。
▪ Drivers must watch for pedestrians at the crossing.
司机在路口必须留意行人。
关节;节足
希腊 arthron「关节」+pous·podos「脚」;19世纪造词。
名 节肢动物
▪ An insect is the most common arthropod.
昆虫是最常见的节肢动物。
▪ The museum displays every major arthropod group.
博物馆展出各大节肢动物类群。
▪ Scientists classified the fossil as an arthropod.
科学家把这块化石归为节肢动物。
▪ The arthropod sheds its outer shell as it grows.
节肢动物生长时会蜕去外壳。
二;两只脚
拉丁 bipes·bipedis「两脚的」,bi-「二」+pes;17世纪入英。
名 两足动物
衍
quadruped n 四足动物 pinniped n 鳍脚类动物,鳍脚的 sesquipedalian adj 词语冗长的,多音节的
▪ Humans are a familiar biped.
人类是一种常见的两足动物。
▪ The dinosaur walked as a fast biped.
这种恐龙以双足快速行走。
▪ A biped balances on two legs.
两足动物用两条腿保持平衡。
▪ The fossil shows the foot of an early biped.
化石显示了早期两足动物的足部。
百;百脚
拉丁 centipeda「百脚虫」,centum「百」+pes;17世纪入英。
名 蜈蚣
衍
millipede n 千足虫,马陆
▪ A centipede crawled across the garden wall.
一只蜈蚣爬过花园的墙。
▪ The child pointed at the long centipede.
孩子指着那条长长的蜈蚣。
▪ A centipede uses its many legs to run fast.
蜈蚣用众多的腿快速奔跑。
▪ The gardener moved the centipede to the grass.
园丁把蜈蚣移到草地上。
出;解得开的→方便的
拉丁 expediens(属格 expedientis),expedire 的现在分词,原义「解开的、有利的」;14世纪入英。
形 权宜的 名 权宜之计
▪ It was expedient to leave before the storm.
在暴风雨前离开是权宜之计。
▪ They chose an expedient but unfair solution.
他们选择了权宜却不公平的解决办法。
▪ A temporary bridge proved the most expedient option.
临时桥被证明是最省事的选择。
▪ He acted for political expedient reasons.
他出于政治权宜的理由行事。
出;松脚出发→出兵
拉丁 expeditio(属格 expeditionis)「整装出发、远征」,expedire 的动作名词;15世纪入英。
名 远征;探险队;迅速
▪ The expedition crossed the desert in forty days.
探险队用四十天穿越了沙漠。
▪ They joined a scientific expedition to Antarctica.
他们参加了一次赴南极的科学考察。
▪ The shopping expedition took longer than planned.
这次采购之行比计划花的时间长。
▪ The leader praised the expedition of the rescue team.
领队称赞救援队行动迅速。
名词
拉丁 impedimentum「阻碍物」,impedire+-mentum;14世纪入英。
名 障碍,妨碍;言语障碍
▪ A speech impediment made her words slow.
言语障碍使她说话缓慢。
▪ The main impediment to progress was funding.
阻碍进展的主要障碍是资金。
▪ He overcame every impediment to finish school.
他克服了一切障碍完成了学业。
▪ Legal impediments delayed the project.
法律上的障碍拖延了项目。
四;四只脚
拉丁 quadrupes·quadrupedis「四脚的」,quadri-「四」+pes;17世纪入英。
名 四足动物
▪ A horse is a large quadruped.
马是一种大型四足动物。
▪ The quadruped galloped across the plain.
那只四足动物飞奔过平原。
▪ Zoologists compare the gaits of the quadruped.
动物学家比较四足动物的步态。
▪ The fossil belongs to an ancient quadruped.
这块化石属于一种古老的四足动物。
三;三脚
希腊 tripous「三脚的」=tri-「三」+pous;17世纪入英。
名 三脚架
▪ She set the camera on a tripod for the night shot.
她把相机架在三脚架上拍夜景。
▪ The telescope tripod stood on the hill.
望远镜三脚架立在小山上。
▪ A steady tripod prevents blurry photos.
稳固的三脚架能防止照片模糊。
▪ The painter used a small tripod for his paints.
画家使用一个小三脚架放颜料。
两足的,双足行走的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 两足的,双足行走的
▪ The new rule will be bipedal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是两足的。
▪ They considered the plan bipedal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是两足的。
▪ The manager gave a bipedal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个两足的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be bipedal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是两足的的。
迅速的,高效的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 迅速的,高效的
▪ The new rule will be expeditious for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是迅速的。
▪ They considered the plan expeditious after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是迅速的。
▪ The manager gave a expeditious answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个迅速的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be expeditious before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是迅速的的。
迅速地,高效地
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
副 迅速地,高效地
▪ The team expeditiously finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前迅速地完成了任务。
▪ She expeditiously checked the results and then signed the form.
她迅速地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were expeditiously changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被迅速地修改了。
▪ He spoke expeditiously so that everyone could understand.
他迅速地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
阻抗(电路);阻碍
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 阻抗(电路);阻碍
▪ The whole impedance took several hours to complete.
整个阻抗过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper impedance is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的阻抗至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of impedance with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了阻抗的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the impedance.
经理就阻抗写了一份清晰的报告。
轻便摩托车,助力车
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 轻便摩托车,助力车
▪ The new rule will be moped for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是轻便摩托车。
▪ They considered the plan moped after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是轻便摩托车。
▪ The manager gave a moped answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个轻便摩托车的答复。
▪ Every solution must be moped before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是轻便摩托车的。
底座,基座;柱脚
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 底座,基座;柱脚
▪ The pedestal is widely used in this kind of work.
底座在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the pedestal in a safe place after use.
用后请把底座放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the pedestal to the entrance of the building.
团队把底座搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable pedestal at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的底座。
足部护理,足疗;做足疗
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 足部护理,足疗;做足疗
▪ The pedicure arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位足部护理比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained pedicure knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的足部护理知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced pedicure for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的足部护理。
▪ The pedicure answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,足部护理回答了记者的提问。
家谱,血统;纯种证明
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 家谱,血统;纯种证明
▪ The pedigree arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位家谱比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained pedigree knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的家谱知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced pedigree for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的家谱。
▪ The pedigree answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,家谱回答了记者的提问。
鳍脚类(海豹/海狮/海象);鳍脚的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 鳍脚类(海豹/海狮/海象);鳍脚的
▪ The new rule will be pinniped for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是鳍脚类。
▪ They considered the plan pinniped after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是鳍脚类。
▪ The manager gave a pinniped answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个鳍脚类的答复。
▪ Every solution must be pinniped before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是鳍脚类的。
(词语)冗长的,多音节的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 (词语)冗长的,多音节的
▪ The new rule will be sesquipedalian for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是冗长的。
▪ They considered the plan sesquipedalian after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是冗长的。
▪ The manager gave a sesquipedalian answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个冗长的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be sesquipedalian before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是冗长的的。
不受阻碍的,畅通的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 不受阻碍的,畅通的
▪ The new rule will be unimpeded for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不受阻碍的。
▪ They considered the plan unimpeded after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不受阻碍的。
▪ The manager gave a unimpeded answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不受阻碍的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unimpeded before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不受阻碍的的。
早期脚踏车(自行车前身)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 早期脚踏车(自行车前身)
▪ The velocipede is widely used in this kind of work.
早期脚踏车在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the velocipede in a safe place after use.
用后请把早期脚踏车放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the velocipede to the entrance of the building.
团队把早期脚踏车搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable velocipede at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的早期脚踏车。
对跖的;截然相反的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 对跖的;截然相反的
▪ The new rule will be antipodal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是对跖的。
▪ They considered the plan antipodal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是对跖的。
▪ The manager gave a antipodal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个对跖的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be antipodal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是对跖的的。
对跖点;正相反的事物
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 对跖点;正相反的事物
▪ The antipode is widely used in this kind of work.
对跖点在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the antipode in a safe place after use.
用后请把对跖点放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the antipode to the entrance of the building.
团队把对跖点搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable antipode at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的对跖点。
对跖地的;澳大利亚/新西兰的;澳新人
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 对跖地的;澳大利亚/新西兰的;澳新人
▪ The new rule will be antipodean for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是对跖地的。
▪ They considered the plan antipodean after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是对跖地的。
▪ The manager gave a antipodean answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个对跖地的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be antipodean before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是对跖地的的。
对跖地,地球正对面;(the A-)澳新
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
副 对跖地,地球正对面;(the A-)澳新
▪ The team antipodes finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前对跖地完成了任务。
▪ She antipodes checked the results and then signed the form.
她对跖地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were antipodes changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被对跖地修改了。
▪ He spoke antipodes so that everyone could understand.
他对跖地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
无足的(蛇/鳗)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 无足的(蛇/鳗)
▪ The new rule will be apodal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是无足的。
▪ They considered the plan apodal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是无足的。
▪ The manager gave a apodal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个无足的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be apodal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是无足的的。
十足类(虾/蟹)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 十足类(虾/蟹)
▪ The decapod is widely used in this kind of work.
十足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the decapod in a safe place after use.
用后请把十足类放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the decapod to the entrance of the building.
团队把十足类搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable decapod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的十足类。
六足类(昆虫);六足机器人
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 六足类(昆虫);六足机器人
▪ The hexapod is widely used in this kind of work.
六足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the hexapod in a safe place after use.
用后请把六足类放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the hexapod to the entrance of the building.
团队把六足类搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable hexapod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的六足类。
等足类(潮虫/鼠妇)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 等足类(潮虫/鼠妇)
▪ The isopod is widely used in this kind of work.
等足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the isopod in a safe place after use.
用后请把等足类放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the isopod to the entrance of the building.
团队把等足类搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable isopod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的等足类。
多足类(蜈蚣/马陆)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 多足类(蜈蚣/马陆)
▪ The myriapod is widely used in this kind of work.
多足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the myriapod in a safe place after use.
用后请把多足类放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the myriapod to the entrance of the building.
团队把多足类搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable myriapod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的多足类。
平行六面体
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 平行六面体
▪ The new rule will be parallelepiped for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是平行六面体。
▪ They considered the plan parallelepiped after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是平行六面体。
▪ The manager gave a parallelepiped answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个平行六面体的答复。
▪ Every solution must be parallelepiped before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是平行六面体的。
鸭嘴兽
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 鸭嘴兽
▪ The platypus is widely used in this kind of work.
鸭嘴兽在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the platypus in a safe place after use.
用后请把鸭嘴兽放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the platypus to the entrance of the building.
团队把鸭嘴兽搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable platypus at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的鸭嘴兽。
讲台,指挥台;领奖台;基座
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 讲台,指挥台;领奖台;基座
▪ The podium is widely used in this kind of work.
讲台在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the podium in a safe place after use.
用后请把讲台放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the podium to the entrance of the building.
团队把讲台搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable podium at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的讲台。
珊瑚虫,水螅体;息肉
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 珊瑚虫,水螅体;息肉
▪ The polyp is widely used in this kind of work.
珊瑚虫在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the polyp in a safe place after use.
用后请把珊瑚虫放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the polyp to the entrance of the building.
团队把珊瑚虫搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable polyp at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的珊瑚虫。
伪足(变形虫)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 伪足(变形虫)
▪ The pseudopod is widely used in this kind of work.
伪足在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the pseudopod in a safe place after use.
用后请把伪足放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the pseudopod to the entrance of the building.
团队把伪足搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable pseudopod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的伪足。
蜥脚类恐龙(长颈植食恐龙)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 蜥脚类恐龙(长颈植食恐龙)
▪ The sauropod is widely used in this kind of work.
蜥脚类恐龙在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the sauropod in a safe place after use.
用后请把蜥脚类恐龙放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the sauropod to the entrance of the building.
团队把蜥脚类恐龙搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable sauropod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的蜥脚类恐龙。
四足类(两栖/爬行/鸟/哺乳)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 四足类(两栖/爬行/鸟/哺乳)
▪ The tetrapod is widely used in this kind of work.
四足类在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the tetrapod in a safe place after use.
用后请把四足类放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the tetrapod to the entrance of the building.
团队把四足类搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable tetrapod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的四足类。
兽脚类恐龙(霸王龙等肉食恐龙)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 兽脚类恐龙(霸王龙等肉食恐龙)
▪ The theropod is widely used in this kind of work.
兽脚类恐龙在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the theropod in a safe place after use.
用后请把兽脚类恐龙放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the theropod to the entrance of the building.
团队把兽脚类恐龙搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable theropod at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的兽脚类恐龙。
不规则四边形(英);梯形(美旧义);大多角骨
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 不规则四边形(英);梯形(美旧义);大多角骨
▪ The trapezium is widely used in this kind of work.
不规则四边形在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the trapezium in a safe place after use.
用后请把不规则四边形放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the trapezium to the entrance of the building.
团队把不规则四边形搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable trapezium at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的不规则四边形。
梯形(美);不规则四边形(英)
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 梯形(美);不规则四边形(英)
▪ The trapezoid is widely used in this kind of work.
梯形在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the trapezoid in a safe place after use.
用后请把梯形放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the trapezoid to the entrance of the building.
团队把梯形搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable trapezoid at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的梯形。
ped
i
ency
权宜,方便,私利
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ex + ped + i + ency
名 权宜,方便,私利
▪ The expediency is widely used in this kind of work.
权宜在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the expediency in a safe place after use.
用后请把权宜放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the expediency to the entrance of the building.
团队把权宜搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable expediency at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的权宜。
ary
远征的,探险的,考察的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:expedition + ary
形 远征的,探险的,考察的
▪ The new rule will be expeditionary for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是远征的。
▪ They considered the plan expeditionary after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是远征的。
▪ The manager gave a expeditionary answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个远征的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be expeditionary before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是远征的的。
八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的
▪ The new rule will be octopod for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的。
▪ They considered the plan octopod after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的。
▪ The manager gave a octopod answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be octopod before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的的。
矫形术;整形外科
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 矫形术;整形外科
▪ The orthopedics is widely used in this kind of work.
矫形术在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the orthopedics in a safe place after use.
用后请把矫形术放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the orthopedics to the entrance of the building.
团队把矫形术搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable orthopedics at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的矫形术。
儿科
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 儿科
▪ The paediatrics is widely used in this kind of work.
儿科在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the paediatrics in a safe place after use.
用后请把儿科放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the paediatrics to the entrance of the building.
团队把儿科搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable paediatrics at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的儿科。
兵,卒;典当,抵押物vt. 典当掉;以……担保
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 兵,卒;典当,抵押物vt. 典当掉;以……担保
▪ The pawn arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位兵比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained pawn knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的兵知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced pawn for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的兵。
▪ The pawn answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,兵回答了记者的提问。
教学的;教学法的;教育学的,=pedagogic
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 教学的;教学法的;教育学的,=pedagogic
▪ The new rule will be pedagogical for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是教学的。
▪ They considered the plan pedagogical after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是教学的。
▪ The manager gave a pedagogical answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个教学的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be pedagogical before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是教学的的。
有脚的,足状的
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
形 有脚的,足状的
▪ The new rule will be pedate for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有脚的。
▪ They considered the plan pedate after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有脚的。
▪ The manager gave a pedate answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有脚的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be pedate before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有脚的的。
(古时候的)流动小贩,亦可拼写为peddler
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 (古时候的)流动小贩,亦可拼写为peddler
▪ The pedlar arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位流动小贩比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained pedlar knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的流动小贩知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced pedlar for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的流动小贩。
▪ The pedlar answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,流动小贩回答了记者的提问。
恋童癖
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 恋童癖
▪ The pedophilia arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位恋童癖比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained pedophilia knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的恋童癖知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced pedophilia for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的恋童癖。
▪ The pedophilia answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,恋童癖回答了记者的提问。
im
ism
悲观,悲观主义
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:词根pes-/ped- + im + ism
名 悲观,悲观主义
▪ The pessimism is widely used in this kind of work.
悲观在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the pessimism in a safe place after use.
用后请把悲观放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the pessimism to the entrance of the building.
团队把悲观搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable pessimism at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的悲观。
飞行员;领航员adj. 试点的,试验性的vt. 驾驶,为……领航,为……做试点
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 飞行员;领航员adj. 试点的,试验性的vt. 驾驶,为……领航,为……做试点
▪ The pilot arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位飞行员比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained pilot knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的飞行员知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced pilot for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的飞行员。
▪ The pilot answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,飞行员回答了记者的提问。
先锋,先驱
拉丁词根 ped/pod 派生:ped/pod
名 先锋,先驱
▪ The pioneer is widely used in this kind of work.
先锋在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the pioneer in a safe place after use.
用后请把先锋放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the pioneer to the entrance of the building.
团队把先锋搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable pioneer at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的先锋。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
注意:foot(本族)与 ped-(借词)同根
英语本族 foot 与拉丁借词 ped-(pedal/pedestrian)、希腊 pod-(tripod)同出 PIE *ped-;三者经格林定律分化(*p→f),不是无关词。
impede 与 expedite 是「缠脚/松脚」一对
拉丁 impedīre=in-「入」+ped-「脚」=缠住脚→阻碍;expedīre=ex-「出」+ped-=松开脚→使顺畅。expedition 原指「释放脚→出征」。
存疑centipede 的词形
centipede 借自拉丁 centipeda=centum「百」+pes「脚」,百足虫;词源清楚,仅 -p- 是否重叠有小异。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *ped-(foot) ← 梵步 pād- · 希腊 pod-
│
├─ 拉丁 pes · pedis(第三变格,m)
│ └─ ped-:pedal · pedestrian · impede · expedite · expedition · biped · centipede
├─ 希腊 πούς pous · podós:tripod · podiatrist
└─ 日耳曼(*p→f):英语 foot · 荷兰 voet · 德语 Fuß
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 ped-/pod-/foot 同根,格林定律与三语词形是决定性证据。
pes/ped- · pous/pod- · foot
拉丁 pes、希腊 pous、日耳曼 foot 三形规则对应 *ped-。
*p→f(格林定律)
拉丁 ped-、希腊 pod- 守 *p;日耳曼擦成 f-(foot)。
ped- 闭环
本页词皆由 ped-+前缀(in-/ex-/bi-/centi-)生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
N · 日耳曼 foot(脚)
fōt
英语本族 foot /fʊt/(格林定律 *p→f);荷兰 voet、德语 Fuß
G · 希腊 pous/podos(脚)
pod-
tripod「三脚桌」· podiatrist「足科医生」· octopus「八足」
podiatrist
n 足科医生
一屏速记 · 57 词
动加快,促进
构ex-+ped-
例the new software will expedite the application process
动阻碍,妨碍
构in-+ped-
例a fallen tree impeded the road
名章鱼
构octo-+pod-
例the octopus changed color to hide from predators
名n. 踏板 v. 踩踏板
构pes+-al
例she pressed the pedal to slow the bike
名n. 行人 adj. 平淡的
构ped-+-ester+-ian
例a pedestrian crossed against the light
名节肢动物
构arthro-+pod-
例an insect is the most common arthropod
名两足动物
构bi-+ped-
例humans are a familiar biped
名蜈蚣
构centi-+ped-
例a centipede crawled across the garden wall
形权宜的;名权宜之计
构ex-+ped-+-ent
例it was expedient to leave before the storm
名远征;探险队;迅速
构ex-+ped-+-ion
例the expedition crossed the desert in forty days
名障碍,妨碍;言语障碍
构impede+-ment
例a speech impediment made her words slow
名四足动物
构quadri-+ped-
例a horse is a large quadruped
名三脚架
构tri-+pod-
例she set the camera on a tripod for the night shot
形 两足的,双足行走的
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be bipedal for everyone in the group.
形 迅速的,高效的
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be expeditious for everyone in the group.
副 迅速地,高效地
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The team expeditiously finished the task before the deadline.
名 阻抗(电路);阻碍
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The whole impedance took several hours to complete.
形 轻便摩托车,助力车
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be moped for everyone in the group.
名 底座,基座;柱脚
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pedestal is widely used in this kind of work.
名 足部护理,足疗;做足疗
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pedicure arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 家谱,血统;纯种证明
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pedigree arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 鳍脚类(海豹/海狮/海象);鳍脚的
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be pinniped for everyone in the group.
形 (词语)冗长的,多音节的
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be sesquipedalian for everyone in the group.
形 不受阻碍的,畅通的
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be unimpeded for everyone in the group.
名 早期脚踏车(自行车前身)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The velocipede is widely used in this kind of work.
形 对跖的;截然相反的
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be antipodal for everyone in the group.
名 对跖点;正相反的事物
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The antipode is widely used in this kind of work.
形 对跖地的;澳大利亚/新西兰的;澳新人
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be antipodean for everyone in the group.
副 对跖地,地球正对面;(the A-)澳新
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The team antipodes finished the task before the deadline.
形 无足的(蛇/鳗)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be apodal for everyone in the group.
名 十足类(虾/蟹)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The decapod is widely used in this kind of work.
名 六足类(昆虫);六足机器人
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The hexapod is widely used in this kind of work.
名 等足类(潮虫/鼠妇)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The isopod is widely used in this kind of work.
名 多足类(蜈蚣/马陆)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The myriapod is widely used in this kind of work.
形 平行六面体
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be parallelepiped for everyone in the group.
名 鸭嘴兽
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The platypus is widely used in this kind of work.
名 讲台,指挥台;领奖台;基座
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The podium is widely used in this kind of work.
名 珊瑚虫,水螅体;息肉
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The polyp is widely used in this kind of work.
名 伪足(变形虫)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pseudopod is widely used in this kind of work.
名 蜥脚类恐龙(长颈植食恐龙)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The sauropod is widely used in this kind of work.
名 四足类(两栖/爬行/鸟/哺乳)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The tetrapod is widely used in this kind of work.
名 兽脚类恐龙(霸王龙等肉食恐龙)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The theropod is widely used in this kind of work.
名 不规则四边形(英);梯形(美旧义);大多角骨
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The trapezium is widely used in this kind of work.
名 梯形(美);不规则四边形(英)
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The trapezoid is widely used in this kind of work.
名 权宜,方便,私利
源ex + ped + i + ency
构ex + ped + i + ency
例The expediency is widely used in this kind of work.
形 远征的,探险的,考察的
源expedition + ary
构expedition + ary
例The new rule will be expeditionary for everyone in the group.
形 八足类动物adj.有八臂或八足的
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be octopod for everyone in the group.
名 矫形术;整形外科
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The orthopedics is widely used in this kind of work.
名 儿科
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The paediatrics is widely used in this kind of work.
名 兵,卒;典当,抵押物vt. 典当掉;以……担保
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pawn arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 教学的;教学法的;教育学的,=pedagogic
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be pedagogical for everyone in the group.
形 有脚的,足状的
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The new rule will be pedate for everyone in the group.
名 (古时候的)流动小贩,亦可拼写为peddler
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pedlar arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 恋童癖
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pedophilia arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 悲观,悲观主义
源词根pes-/ped- + im + ism
构词根pes-/ped- + im + ism
例The pessimism is widely used in this kind of work.
名 飞行员;领航员adj. 试点的,试验性的vt. 驾驶,为……领航,为……做试点
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pilot arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 先锋,先驱
源ped/pod
构ped/pod
例The pioneer is widely used in this kind of work.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
ped 在日耳曼与希腊线上都有本族对应。
G 篇待补 · pous(脚)
N 篇待补 · foot(*ped-)

