借词博览 B070・情感与心理 Emotions

英语借词博览 · 情感词层 · 诺曼法语入英
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joy/dʒɔɪ/
n. 欢乐;喜悦
借源 · 原形
OF joie ← L gaudia
约 1200 年自古法语 joie、拉丁 gaudia(喜悦),与 enjoy、joyful 同源;诺曼征服后法语情感词大量进入英语。

She wept for joy when she saw her family.
见到家人时她喜极而泣。

The children jumped with joy.
孩子们高兴得跳起来。

It is a joy to work with her.
和她共事是一件乐事。

Tears of joy ran down his face.
喜悦的泪水顺着他的脸流下。

2/10
pity/ˈpɪti/
n. 怜悯;同情
借源 · 原形
OF pite ← L pietas
13 世纪中期自古法语 pite、拉丁 pietas(虔敬、责任、怜悯),与 pious、piety 同源;原指对他人苦难的恻隐之心。

She felt pity for the homeless dog.
她同情那只流浪狗。

It is a pity that you cannot come.
你不能来真是可惜。

He refused to accept anyone’s pity.
他拒绝接受任何人的怜悯。

The story awakened our pity.
这个故事唤起了我们的同情。

3/10
pride/praɪd/
n. 骄傲;自尊
借源 · 原形
OE pryto ← prud
中世纪英语 pryte,自古英语 pryto(自豪),与 proud 同源;本族日耳曼词,经中古英语拼写法固定,兼有褒(自尊)贬(傲慢)两义。

She took pride in her work.
她为自己的工作感到自豪。

His pride would not let him apologize.
他的骄傲让他不肯道歉。

They watched their children with pride.
他们自豪地看着自己的孩子。

Pride goes before a fall.
骄者必败。

4/10
courage/ˈkɜːrɪdʒ/
n. 勇气
借源 · 原形
OF corage ← L cor「心」
约 1300 年自古法语 corage(心、性情),自拉丁 cor(心),与 cordial、core 同源;古人把「心」当作情感与勇气之府。

It took courage to stand up and speak.
站起来发言需要勇气。

The firefighter showed great courage.
消防员表现出极大的勇气。

She found the courage to try again.
她鼓起勇气再试一次。

“Have courage,” he whispered.
「勇敢点。」他低声说。

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coward/ˈkaʊərd/
n. 懦夫;胆小鬼
借源 · 原形
OF couard ← L coda「尾」
13 世纪中期自古法语 couard(胆小者),源自 coe(尾);古人想象胆小的动物夹着尾巴逃跑,故「夹尾者」成了懦夫。

He called his brother a coward.
他骂弟弟是胆小鬼。

Only a coward would run away.
只有懦夫才会逃跑。

The soldier was no coward in battle.
这名士兵在战斗中并不胆怯。

A coward dies many times before his death.
懦夫在死前已死过许多次。

6/10
envy/ˈenvi/
n. 嫉妒;羡慕
借源 · 原形
OF envie ← L invidia
13 世纪末自古法语 envie、拉丁 invidia(侧目而视),in-「对」+videre「看」;指因他人所有而生的嫉羡。

She felt envy at her sister’s success.
她嫉妒姐姐的成功。

His new car was the envy of the neighborhood.
他的新车令街坊羡慕不已。

“Green with envy” means very jealous.
green with envy 意为极度嫉妒。

Envy ate away at her happiness.
嫉妒啃噬着她的幸福。

7/10
grace/ɡreɪs/
n. 优雅;恩典
借源 · 原形
OF grace ← L gratia
12 世纪末自古法语 grace、拉丁 gratia(恩惠、悦人),与 grateful、grateful 同源;既指动作优美,也指神的恩典。

She moved with grace across the stage.
她优雅地走过舞台。

By the grace of God, no one was hurt.
承蒙上帝恩典,无人受伤。

He said a short grace before dinner.
饭前他做了简短的祷告。

She accepted the award with grace.
她大方地领了奖。

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mercy/ˈmɜːrsi/
n. 慈悲;怜悯
借源 · 原形
OF merci ← L merces「报酬」
12 世纪末自古法语 merci、拉丁 merces(报酬、赏赐);原指应得的报答,后在教会语境中转为神对罪人的慈悲。

The king showed mercy to the prisoner.
国王对囚犯施以怜悯。

They begged for mercy.
他们乞求宽恕。

The passengers were at the mercy of the storm.
乘客们任凭暴风雨摆布。

“Have mercy on me,” she prayed.
「求你怜悯我。」她祈祷道。

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passion/ˈpæʃn/
n. 激情;热爱;受难
借源 · 原形
L passio ← pati「忍受」
约 1200 年自古法语 passion、拉丁 passio(忍受),自 pati(受苦),与 patient、passive 同源;初指基督受难,后泛指强烈情感。

She has a real passion for music.
她对音乐抱有真正的热爱。

He spoke with passion about his work.
他满怀激情地谈自己的工作。

The film tells the Passion of Christ.
这部电影讲述基督受难。

Football is his greatest passion.
足球是他最大的热爱。

10/10
rage/reɪdʒ/
n. 狂怒;狂热
借源 · 原形
OF rage ← L rabies
约 1300 年自古法语 rage、拉丁 rabies(疯狂),与 rabid、rabies 同源;指失控的暴怒。

He was shaking with rage.
他气得发抖。

Road rage caused the accident.
路怒导致了这起事故。

She flew into a rage at the news.
她听到消息勃然大怒。

Long hair was all the rage in the 1960s.
长发在二十世纪六十年代风靡一时。

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