LATIN ROOT · L026 · 拉丁字根
fer / lat携带 · 承受 · 生
PIE root *bher-(拉丁 ferō) 「to carry, bear」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
印欧「携带/承受」在拉丁作 ferō(不规则);日耳曼支同根给 bear/bring/birth(本族),英语 fer-/lat- 则多为罗曼借词。
*bher- → Latin ferō「to carry」;不规则完成 tulī、分词 lātum
fer- / lat-
offer · confer · infer · refer · prefer · differ · fertile · fortune · metaphor(详见本页)
*bher- → Greek pherein「to carry」(φέρειν)
pher-
metaphor · periphery · euphoria(希腊借词)
*bher- → 日耳曼 *beraną「to carry, bear」
ber-
英语 bear/born/birth/bring 是本族同根(非借词)
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
ferō 是不规则动词;英语词挂在现在词干 fer- 与分词词干 lāt- 上。
PRESENT 现在词干
fer-
ferre/ferō|不规则
offer(offerre)· confer · infer · refer · prefer
PERFECT 完成词干
tul-
tulī|不规则完成(tol-)
拉丁完成时 tulī「我携带了」(现代英语不直接借此词干)
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
lāt-
lātum/lātus|不规则分词(*tlātum)
legislate(lex+latum)· relative · translate(trans-+lātum)
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 ferō 到现代英语各词,四次形态—语音调整。
①不规则分词 lātum
ferō 的分词作 lātum(非 *fertum):translate、legislate。
②不规则完成 tulī
ferō 完成作 tulī(tol-)。
③复合 of-/con-/in-/re-
ob-+ferre→offerre、con-+ferre→conferre、in-+ferre→inferre。
④古法 -ferre→-fer
ferre→古法 forir;fertile→fertile。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
ferō 是不规则动词,三个词干 fer-/tul-/lāt- 形式完全不同。
现在 1sg
ferō
我携带
现在不定式
ferre
to carry
完成 1sg
tulī
我携带了
目的分词
lātum
to carry(分词词干)
现在时变位 · ferō(不规则)
| 人称 | 主动 | 被动 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | ferō | feror | fer-ō |
| 2 sg | fers | ferris | fer-s |
| 3 sg | fert | fertur | fer-t |
| 1 pl | ferimus | ferimur | fer-imus |
| 2 pl | fertis | feriminī | fer-tis |
| 3 pl | ferunt | feruntur | fer-unt |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| offer | offerre(ob-+ferre) | offrir | 14 世纪 |
| infer | inferre | — | 16 世纪 |
| prefer | praeferre | preferer | 14 世纪 |
| fertile | fertilis | fertil | 15 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① ferō 是不规则动词,三词干 fer-/tul-/lāt-;② offer=ob-「对」+ferre「带」=呈上;③ translate=trans-「横过」+lātum「带」=转译。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
ferō 的核心是「携带/承受」,由「带」向「提供、推断、偏爱、生产」引申。
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携带;承担;生育;忍受
【词源还原】古英语 beran「携带、生育、承受」<PGmc *beranan<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 携带;承担;生育;忍受
▪ They bear the weight without complaint.
他们毫无怨言地承担重担。
▪ She bears the burden well.
她很好地承担着重担。
▪ The tree bears sweet fruit.
这棵树结甜果。
▪ He could not bear the pain.
他忍受不了疼痛。
出生;分娩;出身
【词源还原】古诺斯 byrð「出生」<PGmc *burthiz<*bher-「生孩子」(古英语形为 gebyrd)。
名 出生;分娩;出身
▪ They celebrated the birth of the baby.
他们庆祝宝宝的诞生。
▪ She gave birth at home.
她在家分娩。
▪ The country saw new birth.
这个国家迎来新生。
▪ He was modest by birth.
他出身普通。
出生的;天生的
【词源还原】古英语 boren,beran(bear)的过去分词;专用于「出生」义。
a. 出生的;天生的
▪ She was born in spring.
她出生在春天。
▪ He is a born leader.
他天生是领袖。
▪ They welcomed the born child.
他们迎接了这个出生的孩子。
▪ The idea was born in debate.
这个想法诞生于辩论中。
带来;导致;提出
【词源还原】古英语 bringan<PGmc *brangjanan<PIE *bherenk-「使携带、取来」(*bher- 使役)。
动 带来;导致;提出
▪ They brought snacks.
他们带了零食。
▪ She brought a friend.
她带了一位朋友。
▪ The news brought hope.
这消息带来了希望。
▪ He brought the issue up.
他提出了这个问题。
负担;重负 v.使负重
【词源还原】古英语 byrthen「负荷」<PGmc *burthīnō「被携带之物」<*bher- 携带。
名 负担;重负 v.使负重
▪ They carried a heavy burden.
他们肩负重担。
▪ She bore the burden alone.
她独自承担重负。
▪ The debt was a burden.
这笔债务是个负担。
▪ They burdened him with work.
他们用工作压他。
圆周;周长;外围
【词源还原】14c 拉丁 circumferentia,circumferre「绕一圈带」的现在分词中性复数;是希腊 periphereia 的拉丁仿译。
名 圆周;周长;外围
▪ They measured the circumference of the circle.
他们量了圆的周长。
▪ The tree had a wide circumference.
这棵树树干很粗。
▪ She walked the circumference of the field.
她沿田地外围走了一圈。
▪ They calculated the circumference.
他们计算了周长。
商议;授予(称号/学位)
【词源还原】16c 拉丁 conferre「带到一起、汇集、比较、授予」,con- 一起+ferre 带。
动 商议;授予(称号/学位)
▪ They conferred after the talk.
他们在会谈后商议。
▪ She conferred a medal on him.
她授予他一枚勋章。
▪ He conferred with his lawyer.
他与律师商议。
▪ They conferred the title.
他们授予了头衔。
会议;研讨会;协会
【词源还原】16c 古法 conference<拉丁 conferentia「汇集」,conferre 的现在分词名词。
名 会议;研讨会;协会
▪ They held a press conference.
他们举行了记者招待会。
▪ She attended a trade conference.
她参加了贸易会议。
▪ The conference lasted two days.
会议持续了两天。
▪ They met at a conference.
他们在一次会议上相遇。
推迟;听从,顺从
【词源还原】①推迟:14c 拉丁 differre「分散、推迟」(dis-+ferre),古法去 s 作 differer/deferer;②听从:deferre「带下、屈身」。
动 推迟;听从,顺从
▪ They deferred the decision.
他们推迟了决定。
▪ She deferred to her elders.
她顺从长辈。
▪ He deferred his payment.
他延期付款。
▪ They deferred the project.
他们暂缓这个项目。
不同;有分歧
【词源还原】14c 拉丁 differre「分散、分开、不同」,dis- 分开+ferre 带。
动 不同;有分歧
▪ The two plans differ greatly.
这两个计划大不相同。
▪ They differ on the issue.
他们在这个问题上有分歧。
▪ She differed from the rest.
她与其他人不同。
▪ Our views differ.
我们的观点不同。
不同;差异;分歧
【词源还原】14c 古法 difference<拉丁 differentia「差异」,differre 的现在分词名词。
名 不同;差异;分歧
▪ They noticed a small difference.
他们注意到一处小差异。
▪ She settled their difference.
她化解了他们的分歧。
▪ What is the difference.
区别是什么。
▪ The difference surprised them.
这一差异让他们吃惊。
不同的;各种的
【词源还原】14c 古法 different<拉丁 differentem「分散的、有别的」,differre 现在分词。
a. 不同的;各种的
▪ They live in different cities.
他们住在不同的城市。
▪ She wore a different dress.
她穿了一件不同的裙子。
▪ He tried a different way.
他试了另一种方法。
▪ The result was different.
结果不同了。
肥沃的;多产的;能生育的
【词源还原】15c 拉丁 fertilis「结果丰盛的、多产的」,ferre「结果实、生育」+-tilis。
a. 肥沃的;多产的;能生育的
▪ The fertile land grew rich crops.
肥沃的土地长出茂盛的庄稼。
▪ She has a fertile imagination.
她想象力丰富。
▪ The valley is fertile.
这片山谷很肥沃。
▪ They planted on fertile soil.
他们在肥沃的土壤上种植。
肥沃;多产;生育力
【词源还原】15c 古法 fertilité<拉丁 fertilitatem,fertilis+-itas。
名 肥沃;多产;生育力
▪ They studied soil fertility.
他们研究土壤肥力。
▪ The fertility of the land surprised them.
这片土地的肥沃令他们吃惊。
▪ She read about fertility.
她阅读关于生育力的资料。
▪ fertility rose after the rains.
雨后土壤更加肥沃。
幸运的;侥幸的
【词源还原】14c 拉丁 fortunatus「顺遂的」(fortunare 使走运的分词),fortuna 运气。
a. 幸运的;侥幸的
▪ They were fortunate to escape.
他们幸运地逃脱了。
▪ She made a fortunate choice.
她作了幸运的选择。
▪ He was fortunate in friends.
他有幸结交好友。
▪ The fortunate winner smiled.
幸运的赢家笑了。
运气;财富;命运 v.偶然发生
【词源还原】13c 古法 fortune<拉丁 fortuna「机运」<fors(属格 fortis)「偶然」,或出 *bher-「被带来(之物)」。
名 运气;财富;命运 v.偶然发生
▪ They made a fortune.
他们发了一笔财。
▪ She told his fortune.
她给他算命。
▪ fortune smiled on them.
命运之神对他们微笑。
▪ They shared their good fortune.
他们分享好运。
推断;推论
【词源还原】16c 拉丁 inferre「带入、引起、(把结论)带进来」,in- 进入+ferre 带。
动 推断;推论
▪ They inferred the meaning.
他们推断出含义。
▪ She inferred that he was tired.
她推断他累了。
▪ He inferred a hidden reason.
他推断出隐含的原因。
▪ They inferred the date from the clue.
他们根据线索推断日期。
推断;推论;结论
【词源还原】16c 中世纪拉丁 inferentia,inferre 的现在分词名词。
名 推断;推论;结论
▪ They drew a clear inference.
他们得出清晰的推论。
▪ She made a fair inference.
她作了合理的推论。
▪ His inference proved correct.
他的推论被证明正确。
▪ They checked the inference.
他们验证了推论。
立法;法律,法规
【词源还原】1650s 晚期拉丁 legislationem,本为两词 legis latio「法案的提出/携带」。
名 立法;法律,法规
▪ They passed new legislation.
他们通过了新立法。
▪ She studied housing legislation.
她研究住房法规。
▪ The legislation took effect.
这项法律生效了。
▪ They debated the legislation.
他们就这项法规辩论。
隐喻;比喻
【词源还原】15c 法语 métaphore<希腊 metaphora「转移」,metapherein「带过」=meta- 越过+pherein 带。
名 隐喻;比喻
▪ She used a bold metaphor.
她用了大胆的隐喻。
▪ The poem is full of metaphors.
这首诗充满比喻。
▪ They analyzed the metaphor.
他们分析了这个比喻。
▪ He mixed his metaphors.
他把比喻混用了。
提供;出价;提议
【词源还原】古英语 offrian「献上(祭品)」<拉丁 offerre「带到前、呈献」,ob- 向前+ferre 带。
动 提供 名 出价 名 提议
▪ They offered help.
他们主动提供帮助。
▪ She accepted the offer.
她接受了报价。
▪ He offered a fair price.
他出了公道价。
▪ They turned down the offer.
他们拒绝了这个提议。
更喜欢;提出(控告)
【词源还原】14c 拉丁 praeferre「带到前面、置于前、优先」,prae- 前+ferre 带。
动 更喜欢;提出(控告)
▪ They prefer tea.
他们更喜欢茶。
▪ She preferred to walk.
她更喜欢走路。
▪ He chose the preferred route.
他选了首选路线。
▪ They preferred staying home.
他们宁愿待在家。
偏爱;优先(权);首选
【词源还原】15c 古法 preference<中世纪拉丁 praeferentia,praeferre 现在分词。
名 偏爱;优先(权);首选
▪ They stated their preference.
他们说明了偏好。
▪ She has a preference for quiet.
她偏爱安静。
▪ They gave him preference.
他们优先考虑他。
▪ Her preference was clear.
她的偏好很明确。
提到;参考;转交;归因
【词源还原】14c 拉丁 referre「带回、追溯、汇报」,re- 回+ferre 带。
动 提到;参考;转交;归因
▪ They referred to the notes.
他们参考了笔记。
▪ She referred the case.
她把案子转交。
▪ He referred to an old book.
他提到一本旧书。
▪ They referred him to a doctor.
他们让他去看医生。
参考;提及;推荐信;编号
【词源还原】16c refer+-ence「带回、追溯(出处)」。
名 参考;提及;推荐信;编号
▪ They kept the book for reference.
他们留着这本书作参考。
▪ She gave a reference.
她写了推荐信。
▪ He made a reference to the past.
他提到了过去。
▪ They noted the reference number.
他们记下了编号。
latum带
核对;校勘
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:col-一起 + latum带;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 核对;校勘
▪ The manager decided to collate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前核对这个问题。
▪ She will collate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去核对这项任务。
▪ They need to collate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要核对这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to collate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就核对了计划。
latum带
联系;讲述
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:re-回 + latum带;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 联系;讲述
▪ The manager decided to relate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前联系这个问题。
▪ She will relate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去联系这项任务。
▪ They need to relate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要联系这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to relate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就联系了计划。
relate
相互关联
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:cor-一起 + relate;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 相互关联
▪ The manager decided to correlate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前相互关联这个问题。
▪ She will correlate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去相互关联这项任务。
▪ They need to correlate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要相互关联这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to correlate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就相互关联了计划。
latum带
扩大;膨胀
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:di-分开 + latum带;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 扩大;膨胀
▪ The manager decided to dilate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前扩大这个问题。
▪ She will dilate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去扩大这项任务。
▪ They need to dilate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要扩大这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to dilate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就扩大了计划。
传入的(神经/血管)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 传入的(神经/血管)
▪ The new rule will be afferent for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是传入的。
▪ They considered the plan afferent after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是传入的。
▪ The manager gave a afferent answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个传入的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be afferent before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是传入的的。
反报价;还盘
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 反报价;还盘
▪ The counteroffer is widely used in this kind of work.
反报价在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the counteroffer in a safe place after use.
用后请把反报价放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the counteroffer to the entrance of the building.
团队把反报价搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable counteroffer at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的反报价。
顺从;尊重,敬意
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 顺从;尊重,敬意
▪ The whole deference took several hours to complete.
整个顺从过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper deference is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的顺从至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of deference with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了顺从的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the deference.
经理就顺从写了一份清晰的报告。
恭敬的;顺从的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 恭敬的;顺从的
▪ The new rule will be deferential for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是恭敬的。
▪ They considered the plan deferential after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是恭敬的。
▪ The manager gave a deferential answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个恭敬的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be deferential before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是恭敬的的。
差别的;差额;微分(的)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 差别的;差额;微分(的)
▪ The new rule will be differential for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是差别的。
▪ They considered the plan differential after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是差别的。
▪ The manager gave a differential answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个差别的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be differential before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是差别的的。
区分;使不同;分化
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 区分;使不同;分化
▪ The manager decided to differentiate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前区分这个问题。
▪ She will differentiate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去区分这项任务。
▪ They need to differentiate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要区分这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to differentiate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就区分了计划。
区分;分化;差异化
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 区分;分化;差异化
▪ The whole differentiation took several hours to complete.
整个区分过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper differentiation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的区分至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of differentiation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了区分的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the differentiation.
经理就区分写了一份清晰的报告。
传出的(神经/血管)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 传出的(神经/血管)
▪ The new rule will be efferent for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是传出的。
▪ They considered the plan efferent after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是传出的。
▪ The manager gave a efferent answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个传出的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be efferent before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是传出的的。
冷漠;无关紧要
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 冷漠;无关紧要
▪ The whole indifference took several hours to complete.
整个冷漠过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper indifference is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的冷漠至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of indifference with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了冷漠的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the indifference.
经理就冷漠写了一份清晰的报告。
冷漠的;一般的,平庸的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 冷漠的;一般的,平庸的
▪ The new rule will be indifferent for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是冷漠的。
▪ They considered the plan indifferent after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是冷漠的。
▪ The manager gave a indifferent answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个冷漠的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be indifferent before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是冷漠的的。
推论的;推理的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 推论的;推理的
▪ The new rule will be inferential for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是推论的。
▪ They considered the plan inferential after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是推论的。
▪ The manager gave a inferential answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个推论的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be inferential before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是推论的的。
难以忍受的;讨厌的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 难以忍受的;讨厌的
▪ The new rule will be insufferable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是难以忍受的。
▪ They considered the plan insufferable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是难以忍受的。
▪ The manager gave a insufferable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个难以忍受的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be insufferable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是难以忍受的的。
提供(物);祭品;上市产品
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 提供(物);祭品;上市产品
▪ The whole offering took several hours to complete.
整个提供过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper offering is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的提供至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of offering with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了提供的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the offering.
经理就提供写了一份清晰的报告。
奉献礼;献金(仪式)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 奉献礼;献金(仪式)
▪ The offertory is widely used in this kind of work.
奉献礼在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the offertory in a safe place after use.
用后请把奉献礼放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the offertory to the entrance of the building.
团队把奉献礼搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable offertory at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的奉献礼。
更可取的;更好的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 更可取的;更好的
▪ The new rule will be preferable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是更可取的。
▪ They considered the plan preferable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是更可取的。
▪ The manager gave a preferable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个更可取的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be preferable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是更可取的的。
优先的;优待的;优惠的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 优先的;优待的;优惠的
▪ The new rule will be preferential for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是优先的。
▪ They considered the plan preferential after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是优先的。
▪ The manager gave a preferential answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个优先的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be preferential before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是优先的的。
提出;提供;提议(书面)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 提出;提供;提议(书面)
▪ The proffer is widely used in this kind of work.
提出在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the proffer in a safe place after use.
用后请把提出放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the proffer to the entrance of the building.
团队把提出搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable proffer at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的提出。
裁判;证明人;仲裁人 v.裁判
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 裁判;证明人;仲裁人 v.裁判
▪ The referee is widely used in this kind of work.
裁判在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the referee in a safe place after use.
用后请把裁判放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the referee to the entrance of the building.
团队把裁判搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable referee at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的裁判。
全民公投;公民投票
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 全民公投;公民投票
▪ The referendum is widely used in this kind of work.
全民公投在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the referendum in a safe place after use.
用后请把全民公投放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the referendum to the entrance of the building.
团队把全民公投搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable referendum at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的全民公投。
提及的;参照的;有所指的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 提及的;参照的;有所指的
▪ The new rule will be referential for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是提及的。
▪ They considered the plan referential after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是提及的。
▪ The manager gave a referential answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个提及的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be referential before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是提及的的。
遭受;忍受;变差
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 遭受;忍受;变差
▪ The manager decided to suffer the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前遭受这个问题。
▪ She will suffer the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去遭受这项任务。
▪ They need to suffer the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要遭受这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to suffer the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就遭受了计划。
容忍;默许(古/正式)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 容忍;默许(古/正式)
▪ The whole sufferance took several hours to complete.
整个容忍过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper sufferance is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的容忍至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of sufferance with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了容忍的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the sufferance.
经理就容忍写了一份清晰的报告。
患病者;受苦者
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 患病者;受苦者
▪ The sufferer arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位患病者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained sufferer knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的患病者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced sufferer for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的患病者。
▪ The sufferer answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,患病者回答了记者的提问。
痛苦;苦难 a.受苦的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 痛苦;苦难 a.受苦的
▪ The whole suffering took several hours to complete.
整个痛苦过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper suffering is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的痛苦至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of suffering with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了痛苦的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the suffering.
经理就痛苦写了一份清晰的报告。
转移;转让;换乘;转会
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 转移;转让;换乘;转会
▪ The manager decided to transfer the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前转移这个问题。
▪ She will transfer the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去转移这项任务。
▪ They need to transfer the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要转移这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to transfer the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就转移了计划。
可转移的;可转让的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 可转移的;可转让的
▪ The new rule will be transferable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可转移的。
▪ They considered the plan transferable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可转移的。
▪ The manager gave a transferable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可转移的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be transferable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可转移的的。
转移;转让;(心理)移情
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 转移;转让;(心理)移情
▪ The whole transference took several hours to complete.
整个转移过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper transference is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的转移至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of transference with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了转移的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the transference.
经理就转移写了一份清晰的报告。
含水层;蓄水层
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 含水层;蓄水层
▪ The aquifer is widely used in this kind of work.
含水层在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the aquifer in a safe place after use.
用后请把含水层放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the aquifer to the entrance of the building.
团队把含水层搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable aquifer at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的含水层。
产碳的;石炭纪的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 产碳的;石炭纪的
▪ The new rule will be carboniferous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是产碳的。
▪ They considered the plan carboniferous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是产碳的。
▪ The manager gave a carboniferous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个产碳的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be carboniferous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是产碳的的。
针叶树;松柏类植物
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 针叶树;松柏类植物
▪ The conifer is widely used in this kind of work.
针叶树在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the conifer in a safe place after use.
用后请把针叶树放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the conifer to the entrance of the building.
团队把针叶树搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable conifer at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的针叶树。
结球果的;针叶的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 结球果的;针叶的
▪ The new rule will be coniferous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是结球果的。
▪ They considered the plan coniferous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是结球果的。
▪ The manager gave a coniferous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个结球果的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be coniferous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是结球果的的。
施肥;使受精;使肥沃
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 施肥;使受精;使肥沃
▪ The manager decided to fertilize the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前施肥这个问题。
▪ She will fertilize the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去施肥这项任务。
▪ They need to fertilize the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要施肥这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to fertilize the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就施肥了计划。
肥料
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 肥料
▪ The fertilizer is widely used in this kind of work.
肥料在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the fertilizer in a safe place after use.
用后请把肥料放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the fertilizer to the entrance of the building.
团队把肥料搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable fertilizer at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的肥料。
不毛的;不结果的;不育的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 不毛的;不结果的;不育的
▪ The new rule will be infertile for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不毛的。
▪ They considered the plan infertile after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不毛的。
▪ The manager gave a infertile answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不毛的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be infertile before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不毛的的。
不孕;贫瘠;不结果
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 不孕;贫瘠;不结果
▪ The whole infertility took several hours to complete.
整个不孕过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper infertility is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的不孕至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of infertility with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了不孕的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the infertility.
经理就不孕写了一份清晰的报告。
撒旦;启明星(金星);(古)火柴
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 撒旦;启明星(金星);(古)火柴
▪ The lucifer is widely used in this kind of work.
撒旦在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the lucifer in a safe place after use.
用后请把撒旦放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the lucifer to the entrance of the building.
团队把撒旦搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable lucifer at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的撒旦。
不扩散(尤指核武器)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 不扩散(尤指核武器)
▪ The whole nonproliferation took several hours to complete.
整个不扩散过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper nonproliferation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的不扩散至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of nonproliferation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了不扩散的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the nonproliferation.
经理就不扩散写了一份清晰的报告。
有气味的(多指香味);芬芳的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 有气味的(多指香味);芬芳的
▪ The new rule will be odoriferous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有气味的。
▪ They considered the plan odoriferous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有气味的。
▪ The manager gave a odoriferous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有气味的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be odoriferous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有气味的的。
传播瘟疫的;伤风败俗的;烦人的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 传播瘟疫的;伤风败俗的;烦人的
▪ The new rule will be pestiferous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是传播瘟疫的。
▪ They considered the plan pestiferous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是传播瘟疫的。
▪ The manager gave a pestiferous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个传播瘟疫的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be pestiferous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是传播瘟疫的的。
激增;扩散;增殖
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 激增;扩散;增殖
▪ The manager decided to proliferate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前激增这个问题。
▪ She will proliferate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去激增这项任务。
▪ They need to proliferate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要激增这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to proliferate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就激增了计划。
激增;扩散;(核)扩散
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 激增;扩散;(核)扩散
▪ The whole proliferation took several hours to complete.
整个激增过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper proliferation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的激增至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of proliferation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了激增的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the proliferation.
经理就激增写了一份清晰的报告。
催眠的;致睡的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 催眠的;致睡的
▪ The new rule will be somniferous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是催眠的。
▪ They considered the plan somniferous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是催眠的。
▪ The manager gave a somniferous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个催眠的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be somniferous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是催眠的的。
大声叫嚷;呼喊
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 大声叫嚷;呼喊
▪ The manager decided to vociferate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前大声叫嚷这个问题。
▪ She will vociferate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去大声叫嚷这项任务。
▪ They need to vociferate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要大声叫嚷这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to vociferate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就大声叫嚷了计划。
大声疾呼的;喧嚷的;强硬的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 大声疾呼的;喧嚷的;强硬的
▪ The new rule will be vociferous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是大声疾呼的。
▪ They considered the plan vociferous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是大声疾呼的。
▪ The manager gave a vociferous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个大声疾呼的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be vociferous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是大声疾呼的的。
切除;消融;(地质)磨蚀
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 切除;消融;(地质)磨蚀
▪ The whole ablation took several hours to complete.
整个切除过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper ablation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的切除至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of ablation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了切除的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the ablation.
经理就切除写了一份清晰的报告。
夺格(的);可移除的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 夺格(的);可移除的
▪ The new rule will be ablative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是夺格。
▪ They considered the plan ablative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是夺格。
▪ The manager gave a ablative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个夺格的答复。
▪ Every solution must be ablative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是夺格的。
附带的;旁系的;抵押品
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 附带的;旁系的;抵押品
▪ The new rule will be collateral for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是附带的。
▪ They considered the plan collateral after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是附带的。
▪ The manager gave a collateral answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个附带的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be collateral before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是附带的的。
核对;校勘;整理
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 核对;校勘;整理
▪ The whole collation took several hours to complete.
整个核对过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper collation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的核对至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of collation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了核对的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the collation.
经理就核对写了一份清晰的报告。
相互关系;相关(性)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 相互关系;相关(性)
▪ The whole correlation took several hours to complete.
整个相互关系过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper correlation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的相互关系至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of correlation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了相互关系的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the correlation.
经理就相互关系写了一份清晰的报告。
使兴高采烈;使得意
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 使兴高采烈;使得意
▪ The manager decided to elate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使兴高采烈这个问题。
▪ She will elate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使兴高采烈这项任务。
▪ They need to elate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使兴高采烈这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to elate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使兴高采烈了计划。
兴高采烈的;得意洋洋的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 兴高采烈的;得意洋洋的
▪ The new rule will be elated for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是兴高采烈的。
▪ They considered the plan elated after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是兴高采烈的。
▪ The manager gave a elated answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个兴高采烈的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be elated before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是兴高采烈的的。
兴高采烈;得意扬扬
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 兴高采烈;得意扬扬
▪ The whole elation took several hours to complete.
整个兴高采烈过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper elation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的兴高采烈至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of elation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了兴高采烈的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the elation.
经理就兴高采烈写了一份清晰的报告。
立法;制定法律
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 立法;制定法律
▪ The manager decided to legislate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前立法这个问题。
▪ She will legislate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去立法这项任务。
▪ They need to legislate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要立法这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to legislate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就立法了计划。
立法的;有立法权的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 立法的;有立法权的
▪ The new rule will be legislative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是立法的。
▪ They considered the plan legislative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是立法的。
▪ The manager gave a legislative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个立法的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be legislative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是立法的的。
立法者;议员
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 立法者;议员
▪ The legislator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位立法者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained legislator knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的立法者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced legislator for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的立法者。
▪ The legislator answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,立法者回答了记者的提问。
立法机构;议会
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 立法机构;议会
▪ The legislature is widely used in this kind of work.
立法机构在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the legislature in a safe place after use.
用后请把立法机构放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the legislature to the entrance of the building.
团队把立法机构搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable legislature at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的立法机构。
祭品;奉献(物);圣餐礼
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 祭品;奉献(物);圣餐礼
▪ The whole oblation took several hours to complete.
整个祭品过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper oblation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的祭品至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of oblation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了祭品的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the oblation.
经理就祭品写了一份清晰的报告。
高级教士;主教;修道院院长
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 高级教士;主教;修道院院长
▪ The prelate arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位高级教士比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained prelate knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的高级教士知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced prelate for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的高级教士。
▪ The prelate answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,高级教士回答了记者的提问。
有关的;有亲属关系的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 有关的;有亲属关系的
▪ The new rule will be related for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有关的。
▪ They considered the plan related after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有关的。
▪ The manager gave a related answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有关的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be related before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有关的的。
关系;亲属;叙述
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 关系;亲属;叙述
▪ The whole relation took several hours to complete.
整个关系过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper relation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的关系至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of relation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了关系的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the relation.
经理就关系写了一份清晰的报告。
关系;恋爱关系;亲属关系
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 关系;恋爱关系;亲属关系
▪ The whole relationship took several hours to complete.
整个关系过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper relationship is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的关系至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of relationship with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了关系的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the relationship.
经理就关系写了一份清晰的报告。
相对的;相关的;亲戚
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 相对的;相关的;亲戚
▪ The new rule will be relative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是相对的。
▪ They considered the plan relative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是相对的。
▪ The manager gave a relative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个相对的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be relative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是相对的的。
相对地;比较地
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
副 相对地;比较地
▪ The team relatively finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前相对地完成了任务。
▪ She relatively checked the results and then signed the form.
她相对地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were relatively changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被相对地修改了。
▪ He spoke relatively so that everyone could understand.
他相对地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
相对论的;相对主义的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 相对论的;相对主义的
▪ The new rule will be relativistic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是相对论的。
▪ They considered the plan relativistic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是相对论的。
▪ The manager gave a relativistic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个相对论的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be relativistic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是相对论的的。
相对性;相对论
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 相对性;相对论
▪ The whole relativity took several hours to complete.
整个相对性过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper relativity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的相对性至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of relativity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了相对性的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the relativity.
经理就相对性写了一份清晰的报告。
最高的;(语法)最高级(的)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 最高的;(语法)最高级(的)
▪ The new rule will be superlative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是最高的。
▪ They considered the plan superlative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是最高的。
▪ The manager gave a superlative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个最高的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be superlative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是最高的的。
翻译;转化;调动
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 翻译;转化;调动
▪ The manager decided to translate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前翻译这个问题。
▪ She will translate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去翻译这项任务。
▪ They need to translate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要翻译这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to translate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就翻译了计划。
翻译;译文;转化
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 翻译;译文;转化
▪ The whole translation took several hours to complete.
整个翻译过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper translation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的翻译至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of translation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了翻译的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the translation.
经理就翻译写了一份清晰的报告。
译者;翻译器
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 译者;翻译器
▪ The translator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位译者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained translator knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的译者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced translator for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的译者。
▪ The translator answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,译者回答了记者的提问。
无关的;无亲属关系的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 无关的;无亲属关系的
▪ The new rule will be unrelated for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是无关的。
▪ They considered the plan unrelated after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是无关的。
▪ The manager gave a unrelated answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个无关的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unrelated before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是无关的的。
隐喻的;比喻的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 隐喻的;比喻的
▪ The new rule will be metaphorical for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是隐喻的。
▪ They considered the plan metaphorical after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是隐喻的。
▪ The manager gave a metaphorical answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个隐喻的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be metaphorical before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是隐喻的的。
磷;启明星
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 磷;启明星
▪ The phosphorus is widely used in this kind of work.
磷在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the phosphorus in a safe place after use.
用后请把磷放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the phosphorus to the entrance of the building.
团队把磷搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable phosphorus at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的磷。
手推车;担架;古坟
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 手推车;担架;古坟
▪ The barrow arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位手推车比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained barrow knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的手推车知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced barrow for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的手推车。
▪ The barrow answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,手推车回答了记者的提问。
举止;方位;关系;轴承
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 举止;方位;关系;轴承
▪ The whole bearing took several hours to complete.
整个举止过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper bearing is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的举止至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of bearing with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了举止的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the bearing.
经理就举止写了一份清晰的报告。
bear 的过去分词(携带/承担义)
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 bear 的过去分词(携带/承担义)
▪ The borne is widely used in this kind of work.
bear 的过去分词在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the borne in a safe place after use.
用后请把bear 的过去分词放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the borne to the entrance of the building.
团队把bear 的过去分词搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable borne at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的bear 的过去分词。
克制;避免;容忍
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 克制;避免;容忍
▪ The forbear is widely used in this kind of work.
克制在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the forbear in a safe place after use.
用后请把克制放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the forbear to the entrance of the building.
团队把克制搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable forbear at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的克制。
克制;耐心;(债务)宽限
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 克制;耐心;(债务)宽限
▪ The whole forbearance took several hours to complete.
整个克制过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper forbearance is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的克制至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of forbearance with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了克制的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the forbearance.
经理就克制写了一份清晰的报告。
偶然的;意外的;(误用)幸运的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 偶然的;意外的;(误用)幸运的
▪ The new rule will be fortuitous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是偶然的。
▪ They considered the plan fortuitous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是偶然的。
▪ The manager gave a fortuitous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个偶然的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be fortuitous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是偶然的的。
不幸;灾祸;逆境
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 不幸;灾祸;逆境
▪ The misfortune is widely used in this kind of work.
不幸在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the misfortune in a safe place after use.
用后请把不幸放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the misfortune to the entrance of the building.
团队把不幸搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable misfortune at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的不幸。
压倒;制服;专横地对待
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 压倒;制服;专横地对待
▪ The overbear is widely used in this kind of work.
压倒在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the overbear in a safe place after use.
用后请把压倒放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the overbear to the entrance of the building.
团队把压倒搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable overbear at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的压倒。
专横的;傲慢的;压倒的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 专横的;傲慢的;压倒的
▪ The new rule will be overbearing for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是专横的。
▪ They considered the plan overbearing after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是专横的。
▪ The manager gave a overbearing answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个专横的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be overbearing before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是专横的的。
lat
e
烧蚀,侵蚀,切除,(使)脱落
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:ab + lat + e;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 烧蚀,侵蚀,切除,(使)脱落
▪ The manager decided to ablate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前烧蚀这个问题。
▪ She will ablate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去烧蚀这项任务。
▪ They need to ablate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要烧蚀这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to ablate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就烧蚀了计划。
lat
ive
校勘的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:col + lat + ive;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 校勘的
▪ The new rule will be collative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是校勘的。
▪ They considered the plan collative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是校勘的。
▪ The manager gave a collative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个校勘的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be collative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是校勘的的。
ber
妨碍,拖累n.妨碍,累赘
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:cum + ber;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 妨碍,拖累n.妨碍,累赘
▪ The manager decided to cumber the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前妨碍这个问题。
▪ She will cumber the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去妨碍这项任务。
▪ They need to cumber the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要妨碍这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to cumber the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就妨碍了计划。
fer
ent
输送的;输出的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:de + fer + ent;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 输送的;输出的
▪ The new rule will be deferent for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是输送的。
▪ They considered the plan deferent after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是输送的。
▪ The manager gave a deferent answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个输送的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be deferent before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是输送的的。
r
al
延期;迟延;缓役
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:defer + r + al;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 延期;迟延;缓役
▪ The deferral is widely used in this kind of work.
延期在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the deferral in a safe place after use.
用后请把延期放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the deferral to the entrance of the building.
团队把延期搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable deferral at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的延期。
ion
扩张,膨胀,详述
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:dilat + ion;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 扩张,膨胀,详述
▪ The dilation is widely used in this kind of work.
扩张在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the dilation in a safe place after use.
用后请把扩张放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the dilation to the entrance of the building.
团队把扩张搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable dilation at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的扩张。
lat
ory
拖拉的,拖延的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:di + lat + ory;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 拖拉的,拖延的
▪ The new rule will be dilatory for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是拖拉的。
▪ They considered the plan dilatory after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是拖拉的。
▪ The manager gave a dilatory answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个拖拉的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be dilatory before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是拖拉的的。
al
野生的,野蛮的,凶猛的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer + al;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 野生的,野蛮的,凶猛的
▪ The new rule will be feral for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是野生的。
▪ They considered the plan feral after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是野生的。
▪ The manager gave a feral answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个野生的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be feral before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是野生的的。
ine
野生的,野蛮的,凶猛的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer + ine;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 野生的,野蛮的,凶猛的
▪ The new rule will be ferine for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是野生的。
▪ They considered the plan ferine after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是野生的。
▪ The manager gave a ferine answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个野生的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be ferine before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是野生的的。
oc
i
ous
凶恶的,凶猛的,残暴的;激烈的,猛烈的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer + oc + i + ous;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 凶恶的,凶猛的,残暴的;激烈的,猛烈的
▪ The new rule will be ferocious for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是凶恶的。
▪ They considered the plan ferocious after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是凶恶的。
▪ The manager gave a ferocious answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个凶恶的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be ferocious before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是凶恶的的。
oc
ity
凶恶,凶猛,残暴
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer + oc + ity;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 凶恶,凶猛,残暴
▪ The ferocity is widely used in this kind of work.
凶恶在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the ferocity in a safe place after use.
用后请把凶恶放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the ferocity to the entrance of the building.
团队把凶恶搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable ferocity at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的凶恶。
ation
施肥;受精;肥沃
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fertiliz + ation;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 施肥;受精;肥沃
▪ The fertilization is widely used in this kind of work.
施肥在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the fertilization in a safe place after use.
用后请把施肥放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the fertilization to the entrance of the building.
团队把施肥搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable fertilization at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的施肥。
ce
凶恶的,凶猛的;激烈的,猛烈的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fier + ce;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 凶恶的,凶猛的;激烈的,猛烈的
▪ The new rule will be fierce for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是凶恶的。
▪ They considered the plan fierce after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是凶恶的。
▪ The manager gave a fierce answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个凶恶的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be fierce before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是凶恶的的。
ly
幸运地
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fortunate + ly;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
副 幸运地
▪ The team fortunately finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前幸运地完成了任务。
▪ She fortunately checked the results and then signed the form.
她幸运地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were fortunately changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被幸运地修改了。
▪ He spoke fortunately so that everyone could understand.
他幸运地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
推断,演绎;推论
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 推断,演绎;推论
▪ The illation is widely used in this kind of work.
推断在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the illation in a safe place after use.
用后请把推断放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the illation to the entrance of the building.
团队把推断搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable illation at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的推断。
推断的,演绎的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 推断的,演绎的
▪ The new rule will be illative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是推断的。
▪ They considered the plan illative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是推断的。
▪ The manager gave a illative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个推断的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be illative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是推断的的。
干涉,干扰,妨碍
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
动 干涉,干扰,妨碍
▪ The teacher asked the students to interfere before the bell rang.
铃响前老师让学生们干涉。
▪ She decided to interfere after thinking about the risk.
考虑到风险后她决定干涉。
▪ They will not interfere unless the weather improves.
除非天气好转,否则他们不会干涉。
▪ Nobody expected him to interfere so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就干涉了。
ence
干涉,干扰,妨碍
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:interfer + ence;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 干涉,干扰,妨碍
▪ The interference is widely used in this kind of work.
干涉在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the interference in a safe place after use.
用后请把干涉放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the interference to the entrance of the building.
团队把干涉搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable interference at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的干涉。
潜伏,潜伏期,潜在因素
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 潜伏,潜伏期,潜在因素
▪ The latency is widely used in this kind of work.
潜伏在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the latency in a safe place after use.
用后请把潜伏放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the latency to the entrance of the building.
团队把潜伏搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable latency at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的潜伏。
潜在的;潜伏的;隐藏的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 潜在的;潜伏的;隐藏的
▪ The new rule will be latent for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是潜在的。
▪ They considered the plan latent after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是潜在的。
▪ The manager gave a latent answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个潜在的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be latent before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是潜在的的。
隐而不显的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 隐而不显的
▪ The new rule will be latescent for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是隐而不显的。
▪ They considered the plan latescent after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是隐而不显的。
▪ The manager gave a latescent answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个隐而不显的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be latescent before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是隐而不显的的。
纬度,纬线
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 纬度,纬线
▪ The latitude is widely used in this kind of work.
纬度在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the latitude in a safe place after use.
用后请把纬度放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the latitude to the entrance of the building.
团队把纬度搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable latitude at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的纬度。
(1)adj.扁平的,扁圆的;(2)adj.奉为神的;n.(尚未正式皈依的)修道之人
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 (1)adj.扁平的,扁圆的;(2)adj.奉为神的;n.(尚未正式皈依的)修道之人
▪ The new rule will be oblate for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是adj.扁平的。
▪ They considered the plan oblate after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是adj.扁平的。
▪ The manager gave a oblate answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个adj.扁平的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be oblate before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是adj.扁平的的。
产花粉的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 产花粉的
▪ The new rule will be polliniferous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是产花粉的。
▪ They considered the plan polliniferous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是产花粉的。
▪ The manager gave a polliniferous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个产花粉的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be polliniferous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是产花粉的的。
扁长的
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:fer/lat;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
形 扁长的
▪ The new rule will be prolate for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是扁长的。
▪ They considered the plan prolate after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是扁长的。
▪ The manager gave a prolate answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个扁长的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be prolate before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是扁长的的。
r
al
移交,送交,转送,转诊
拉丁词根 fer/lat 派生:refer + r + al;<PIE *bher-「携带、生孩子」。
名 移交,送交,转送,转诊
▪ The referral is widely used in this kind of work.
移交在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the referral in a safe place after use.
用后请把移交放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the referral to the entrance of the building.
团队把移交搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable referral at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的移交。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
注意:bear/bring 与 fer-
bear、born、birth、bring 是日耳曼本族词(*bher-→*beraną);offer、infer 是拉丁借词。二者同 PIE *bher- 但走两条路。
metaphor 的构成
希腊 metaphora「带过」(meta-「过」+pherein「带」)→英语 metaphor「隐喻」;是希腊借词,非拉丁 fer-。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *bher-(to carry, bear)
│
├─ 拉丁 ferō · ferre · tulī · lātum(不规则动词)
│ ├─ 现在词干 fer-:offer · confer · infer · refer · prefer · differ · fertile
│ └─ 分词词干 lāt-:legislate · translate · relative
│
├─ 希腊 pherein(φέρειν,带):metaphor · periphery · euphoria
│
└─ 日耳曼 *beraną:英语 bear/born/birth/bring(本族同根)
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 fer-/lat- 同根,以不规则三词干与日耳曼 bear 同源为决定性证据。
不规则三词干
fer-/tul-/lāt- 同根;offer、translate 分别挂两词干。
ferre→offrir / lātum
古法词尾软化。
25 词闭环
本页 25 词都由 fer-/lāt- 加 -ion/-ate 或前缀复合生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
G · 希腊 pherein(带)
pher-
metaphor「隐喻」· periphery「外围」· euphoria「欣快」
N · 日耳曼 bear(本族)
bear
英语 bear/born/birth/bring(*bher-→*beraną)本族同根
一屏速记 · 136 词
动 携带;承担;生育;忍受
构【
例They bear the weight without complaint
名 出生;分娩;出身
构【
例They celebrated the birth of the baby
a. 出生的;天生的
构【
例She was born in spring
动 带来;导致;提出
构【
例They brought snacks
名 负担;重负 v.使负重
构【 / -en
例They carried a heavy burden
名 圆周;周长;外围
构【 / fer / -ence
例They measured the circumference of the circle
动 商议;授予(称号/学位)
构【 / fer
例They conferred after the talk
名 会议;研讨会;协会
构【 / fer / -ence
例They held a press conference
动 推迟;听从,顺从
构【 / fer
例They deferred the decision
动 不同;有分歧
构【 / fer
例The two plans differ greatly
名 不同;差异;分歧
构【 / fer / -ence
例They noticed a small difference
a. 不同的;各种的
构【 / fer / -ent
例They live in different cities
a. 肥沃的;多产的;能生育的
构【 / -tile
例The fertile land grew rich crops
名 肥沃;多产;生育力
构【 / -ity
例They studied soil fertility
a. 幸运的;侥幸的
构【 / -ate
例They were fortunate to escape
名 运气;财富;命运 v.偶然发生
构【 / -une
例They made a fortune
动 推断;推论
构【 / fer
例They inferred the meaning
名 推断;推论;结论
构【 / fer / -ence
例They drew a clear inference
名 立法;法律,法规
构【 / lat / -ion
例They passed new legislation
名 隐喻;比喻
构【 / phor
例She used a bold metaphor
动 提供;名 出价;名 提议
构【 / fer
例They offered help
动 更喜欢;提出(控告)
构【 / fer
例They prefer tea
名 偏爱;优先(权);首选
构【 / fer / -ence
例They stated their preference
动 提到;参考;转交;归因
构【 / fer
例They referred to the notes
名 参考;提及;推荐信;编号
构【 / fer / -ence
例They kept the book for reference
动 核对;校勘
源col-一起 + latum带
构col-一起 + latum带
例The manager decided to collate the problem before the meeting.
动 联系;讲述
源re-回 + latum带
构re-回 + latum带
例The manager decided to relate the problem before the meeting.
动 相互关联
源cor-一起 + relate
构cor-一起 + relate
例The manager decided to correlate the problem before the meeting.
动 扩大;膨胀
源di-分开 + latum带
构di-分开 + latum带
例The manager decided to dilate the problem before the meeting.
形 传入的(神经/血管)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be afferent for everyone in the group.
名 反报价;还盘
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The counteroffer is widely used in this kind of work.
名 顺从;尊重,敬意
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole deference took several hours to complete.
形 恭敬的;顺从的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be deferential for everyone in the group.
形 差别的;差额;微分(的)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be differential for everyone in the group.
动 区分;使不同;分化
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to differentiate the problem before the meeting.
名 区分;分化;差异化
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole differentiation took several hours to complete.
形 传出的(神经/血管)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be efferent for everyone in the group.
名 冷漠;无关紧要
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole indifference took several hours to complete.
形 冷漠的;一般的,平庸的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be indifferent for everyone in the group.
形 推论的;推理的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be inferential for everyone in the group.
形 难以忍受的;讨厌的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be insufferable for everyone in the group.
名 提供(物);祭品;上市产品
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole offering took several hours to complete.
名 奉献礼;献金(仪式)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The offertory is widely used in this kind of work.
形 更可取的;更好的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be preferable for everyone in the group.
形 优先的;优待的;优惠的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be preferential for everyone in the group.
名 提出;提供;提议(书面)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The proffer is widely used in this kind of work.
名 裁判;证明人;仲裁人 v.裁判
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The referee is widely used in this kind of work.
名 全民公投;公民投票
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The referendum is widely used in this kind of work.
形 提及的;参照的;有所指的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be referential for everyone in the group.
动 遭受;忍受;变差
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to suffer the problem before the meeting.
名 容忍;默许(古/正式)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole sufferance took several hours to complete.
名 患病者;受苦者
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The sufferer arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 痛苦;苦难 a.受苦的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole suffering took several hours to complete.
动 转移;转让;换乘;转会
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to transfer the problem before the meeting.
形 可转移的;可转让的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be transferable for everyone in the group.
名 转移;转让;(心理)移情
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole transference took several hours to complete.
名 含水层;蓄水层
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The aquifer is widely used in this kind of work.
形 产碳的;石炭纪的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be carboniferous for everyone in the group.
名 针叶树;松柏类植物
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The conifer is widely used in this kind of work.
形 结球果的;针叶的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be coniferous for everyone in the group.
动 施肥;使受精;使肥沃
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to fertilize the problem before the meeting.
名 肥料
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The fertilizer is widely used in this kind of work.
形 不毛的;不结果的;不育的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be infertile for everyone in the group.
名 不孕;贫瘠;不结果
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole infertility took several hours to complete.
名 撒旦;启明星(金星);(古)火柴
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The lucifer is widely used in this kind of work.
名 不扩散(尤指核武器)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole nonproliferation took several hours to complete.
形 有气味的(多指香味);芬芳的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be odoriferous for everyone in the group.
形 传播瘟疫的;伤风败俗的;烦人的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be pestiferous for everyone in the group.
动 激增;扩散;增殖
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to proliferate the problem before the meeting.
名 激增;扩散;(核)扩散
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole proliferation took several hours to complete.
形 催眠的;致睡的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be somniferous for everyone in the group.
动 大声叫嚷;呼喊
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to vociferate the problem before the meeting.
形 大声疾呼的;喧嚷的;强硬的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be vociferous for everyone in the group.
名 切除;消融;(地质)磨蚀
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole ablation took several hours to complete.
形 夺格(的);可移除的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be ablative for everyone in the group.
形 附带的;旁系的;抵押品
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be collateral for everyone in the group.
名 核对;校勘;整理
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole collation took several hours to complete.
名 相互关系;相关(性)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole correlation took several hours to complete.
动 使兴高采烈;使得意
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to elate the problem before the meeting.
形 兴高采烈的;得意洋洋的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be elated for everyone in the group.
名 兴高采烈;得意扬扬
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole elation took several hours to complete.
动 立法;制定法律
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to legislate the problem before the meeting.
形 立法的;有立法权的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be legislative for everyone in the group.
名 立法者;议员
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The legislator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 立法机构;议会
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The legislature is widely used in this kind of work.
名 祭品;奉献(物);圣餐礼
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole oblation took several hours to complete.
名 高级教士;主教;修道院院长
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The prelate arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 有关的;有亲属关系的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be related for everyone in the group.
名 关系;亲属;叙述
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole relation took several hours to complete.
名 关系;恋爱关系;亲属关系
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole relationship took several hours to complete.
形 相对的;相关的;亲戚
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be relative for everyone in the group.
副 相对地;比较地
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The team relatively finished the task before the deadline.
形 相对论的;相对主义的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be relativistic for everyone in the group.
名 相对性;相对论
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole relativity took several hours to complete.
形 最高的;(语法)最高级(的)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be superlative for everyone in the group.
动 翻译;转化;调动
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The manager decided to translate the problem before the meeting.
名 翻译;译文;转化
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole translation took several hours to complete.
名 译者;翻译器
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The translator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 无关的;无亲属关系的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be unrelated for everyone in the group.
形 隐喻的;比喻的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be metaphorical for everyone in the group.
名 磷;启明星
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The phosphorus is widely used in this kind of work.
名 手推车;担架;古坟
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The barrow arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 举止;方位;关系;轴承
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole bearing took several hours to complete.
名 bear 的过去分词(携带/承担义)
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The borne is widely used in this kind of work.
名 克制;避免;容忍
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The forbear is widely used in this kind of work.
名 克制;耐心;(债务)宽限
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The whole forbearance took several hours to complete.
形 偶然的;意外的;(误用)幸运的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be fortuitous for everyone in the group.
名 不幸;灾祸;逆境
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The misfortune is widely used in this kind of work.
名 压倒;制服;专横地对待
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The overbear is widely used in this kind of work.
形 专横的;傲慢的;压倒的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be overbearing for everyone in the group.
动 烧蚀,侵蚀,切除,(使)脱落
源ab + lat + e
构ab + lat + e
例The manager decided to ablate the problem before the meeting.
形 校勘的
源col + lat + ive
构col + lat + ive
例The new rule will be collative for everyone in the group.
动 妨碍,拖累n.妨碍,累赘
源cum + ber
构cum + ber
例The manager decided to cumber the problem before the meeting.
形 输送的;输出的
源de + fer + ent
构de + fer + ent
例The new rule will be deferent for everyone in the group.
名 延期;迟延;缓役
源defer + r + al
构defer + r + al
例The deferral is widely used in this kind of work.
名 扩张,膨胀,详述
源dilat + ion
构dilat + ion
例The dilation is widely used in this kind of work.
形 拖拉的,拖延的
源di + lat + ory
构di + lat + ory
例The new rule will be dilatory for everyone in the group.
形 野生的,野蛮的,凶猛的
源fer + al
构fer + al
例The new rule will be feral for everyone in the group.
形 野生的,野蛮的,凶猛的
源fer + ine
构fer + ine
例The new rule will be ferine for everyone in the group.
形 凶恶的,凶猛的,残暴的;激烈的,猛烈的
源fer + oc + i + ous
构fer + oc + i + ous
例The new rule will be ferocious for everyone in the group.
名 凶恶,凶猛,残暴
源fer + oc + ity
构fer + oc + ity
例The ferocity is widely used in this kind of work.
名 施肥;受精;肥沃
源fertiliz + ation
构fertiliz + ation
例The fertilization is widely used in this kind of work.
形 凶恶的,凶猛的;激烈的,猛烈的
源fier + ce
构fier + ce
例The new rule will be fierce for everyone in the group.
副 幸运地
源fortunate + ly
构fortunate + ly
例The team fortunately finished the task before the deadline.
名 推断,演绎;推论
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The illation is widely used in this kind of work.
形 推断的,演绎的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be illative for everyone in the group.
动 干涉,干扰,妨碍
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The teacher asked the students to interfere before the bell rang.
名 干涉,干扰,妨碍
源interfer + ence
构interfer + ence
例The interference is widely used in this kind of work.
名 潜伏,潜伏期,潜在因素
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The latency is widely used in this kind of work.
形 潜在的;潜伏的;隐藏的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be latent for everyone in the group.
形 隐而不显的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be latescent for everyone in the group.
名 纬度,纬线
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The latitude is widely used in this kind of work.
形 (1)adj.扁平的,扁圆的;(2)adj.奉为神的;n.(尚未正式皈依的)修道之人
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be oblate for everyone in the group.
形 产花粉的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be polliniferous for everyone in the group.
形 扁长的
源fer/lat
构fer/lat
例The new rule will be prolate for everyone in the group.
名 移交,送交,转送,转诊
源refer + r + al
构refer + r + al
例The referral is widely used in this kind of work.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
fer/lat 在三条线上的同根字根(点击可跳转)。

