LATIN ROOT · L035 · 拉丁字根
gen生 · 种 · 出身
PIE root *gene-(拉丁 gignere/genus) 「to beget, birth, kind」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
印欧「生/种」在拉丁作 gignere/genus;日耳曼支同根给 kin/kind/king(本族),希腊支给 gene/genesis。
*gene- → Latin gignere「beget」/genus「race, kind」
gen- / gener-
generate · general · generation · generous · genius · gentle · genuine · gender · origin(详见本页)
*gene- → Greek genos「race」/genesis「origin」(γένος)
gen-
gene · genesis · genetic · homogeneous(希腊借词线)
*gene- → 日耳曼 *kunją「kin, race」
kun-
英语 kin/kind/king 是本族同根(非借词)
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
gignō 是第三变位动词;英语词挂在现在词干 gen- 与名词词干 gener- 上。
PRESENT 现在词干
gig- / gen-
gignere/gignō|第三变位
generate(generāre)· generous · genuine
PERFECT 完成词干
genu-
genuī|-u- 完成
拉丁完成时 genuī「我生了」(现代英语不直接借此词干)
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
genit-
genitum/genitus|完成分词 -t-
genital · genius · gender
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 gignere/genus 到现代英语各词,四次形态—语音调整。
①名词词干 gener-
genus/generis→英语 gener-:general、generate。
②现在词干 gen-
gignere→gen-:genius、genuine。
③古法 -us→-ere/-re
genus→古法 genre;generālis→general。
④希腊借词
genos/genesis→gene/genesis;genetikos→genetic。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
gignō 是第三变位动词;genus 是第三变格中性名词。英语借词多在 gen-/gener- 上。
现在 1sg
gignō
我生
现在不定式
gignere
to beget
完成 1sg
genuī
我生了(-u-)
目的分词
genitum
to beget(分词词干)
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| general | generālis | general | 13 世纪 |
| generate | generāre | — | 16 世纪 |
| gentle | gentilis | gentil | 13 世纪 |
| origin | orīgō(orīrī+gen-) | origine | 14 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① genus=genus「种/出身」→general;② generous=generōsus「出身高贵→慷慨」;③ kin/kind/king 是日耳曼本族同根。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
genus 的核心是「生/种」,由「出身」向「一般、慷慨、天才、温柔」引申。
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和善的;(肿瘤)良性的;温和的
early14c 古法 benigne<拉丁 benignus「好心的」,字面「well born」=bene「好」+gignere「生」。
a. 和善的;(肿瘤)良性的;温和的
▪ They gave a benign smile.
他们温和地一笑。
▪ The tumor was benign.
肿瘤是良性的。
▪ She had a benign manner.
她态度和善。
▪ They faced benign weather.
他们遇到温和的天气。
意气相投的;宜人的;相宜的
17c con-(共同)+genial(守护神/天性的)→ 天性相合的;或 com-+genius。
a. 意气相投的;宜人的;相宜的
▪ They found a congenial group.
他们找到了志趣相投的群体。
▪ She enjoyed a congenial mood.
她心情愉悦。
▪ He made congenial friends.
他结交了意气相投的朋友。
▪ They worked in congenial surroundings.
他们在宜人的环境中工作。
发动机;引擎;机车;(古)计谋、机械
13c 古法 engin「才智、计谋、机械」<拉丁 ingenium「天生才智、发明物」=in-+gignere 生。
名 发动机;引擎;机车;(古)计谋、机械
▪ They started the engine.
他们发动了引擎。
▪ She fixed the engine.
她修好了发动机。
▪ The engine coughed.
发动机发出突突声。
▪ They built a steam engine.
他们造了一台蒸汽机。
性别;(语法)性
14c 古法 gendre「种类、性别」<拉丁 genus(属格 generis)「种类、出身」。
名 性别;(语法)性
▪ They studied gender roles.
他们研究性别角色。
▪ She challenged gender rules.
她挑战性别规范。
▪ They noted the gender of the noun.
他们注意到名词的性。
▪ He talked about gender equality.
他谈论性别平等。
基因
1911 丹麦遗传学家 Johannsen 据希腊 genos「出生、血统」造(参 pangenesis 泛生论)。
名 基因
▪ They studied the gene.
他们研究基因。
▪ She traced the gene.
她追踪这个基因。
▪ The gene passed down.
这个基因代代相传。
▪ They mapped the gene.
他们绘制了基因图谱。
总的;一般的;普遍的;将军
13c 古法 general<拉丁 generalis「属于一个种类(genus)的、全体共有的」<genus(属格 generis)「种类」。
a. 总的 名 一般的 名 普遍的 名 将军
▪ They spoke in general terms.
他们笼统地说。
▪ She was a general helper.
她是个多面手。
▪ He met the general.
他会见了将军。
▪ They held a general meeting.
他们召开了大会。
产生;生成;发电;繁殖
16c 拉丁 generare「生育、产出」<genus(属格 generis)「出身、种类」。
动 产生;生成;发电;繁殖
▪ They generated power.
他们发电。
▪ She generated ideas.
她产生想法。
▪ He generated a report.
他生成报告。
▪ The machine generates heat.
这台机器产生热量。
一代(人);产生;世代
14c 古法 generacion<拉丁 generationem「生育、后代」<generare 分词 generationem。
名 一代(人);产生;世代
▪ They raised a new generation.
他们培养了新一代。
▪ She belongs to my generation.
她和我是同一代人。
▪ They discussed the new generation.
他们讨论新一代。
▪ He saw three generations.
他见证了三代人。
慷慨的;大方的;大量的;宽厚的
1580s「出身高贵的」,法语 généreux<拉丁 generosus「出身名门的、高尚的」<genus「出身、门第」。
a. 慷慨的;大方的;大量的;宽厚的
▪ They made a generous donation.
他们慷慨捐赠。
▪ She was generous with time.
她乐于付出时间。
▪ He gave a generous amount.
他给了慷慨的一笔。
▪ They served generous portions.
他们上菜分量很足。
起源;开端;创世纪(大写)
古英/17c 希腊 genesis「出生、起源」<gignesthai「出生」<*gene-「生育」;大写指《创世记》。
名 起源;开端;创世纪(大写)
▪ They studied the genesis.
他们研究起源。
▪ She traced the genesis.
她追溯开端。
▪ The book tells the genesis.
这本书讲述起源。
▪ They noted the genesis of the idea.
他们注意到这个想法的起源。
遗传的;基因的;起源的
1831 据 genesis(起源)仿希腊 genetikos「属于起源/出生的」造;1908 后指遗传学的。
a. 遗传的;基因的;起源的
▪ They studied genetic codes.
他们研究遗传密码。
▪ She had a genetic test.
她做了基因检测。
▪ They traced the genetic link.
他们追踪基因关联。
▪ He read about genetic science.
他阅读基因科学。
遗传学;(事物的)起源、成因
1872 genetic+-ics(学科);现代遗传义随 Mendel/Morgan 确立。
名 遗传学;(事物的)起源、成因
▪ They studied genetics.
他们研究遗传学。
▪ She learned genetics.
她学习遗传学。
▪ genetics explained the trait.
遗传学解释了这一特征。
▪ They advanced genetics.
他们推动遗传学发展。
天才;天赋;天才人物;(时代)精神
late14c 拉丁 genius「与生俱来的守护神、天赋、本性」<*gene-「生育」;1640s 指天才人物。
名 天才;天赋;天才人物;(时代)精神
▪ They recognized his genius.
他们认可他的天才。
▪ She was a genius.
她是个天才。
▪ He showed genius early.
他很小就显露出天赋。
▪ They praised the genius.
他们赞扬这位天才。
(文艺的)体裁;类型;流派
19c 法语 genre「种类、类型」<拉丁 genus(属格 generis)「种类」,与 gender/gender 同源。
名 (文艺的)体裁;类型;流派
▪ They liked the genre.
他们喜欢这种流派。
▪ She wrote in a new genre.
她用新体裁写作。
▪ He loved the genre.
他钟爱这一流派。
▪ They discussed the music genre.
他们讨论音乐流派。
温和的;轻柔的;出身高贵的
early13c 古法 gentil「出身高贵、门第好的」<拉丁 gentilis「同氏族(gens)的」<gens,gentis「氏族」。
a. 温和的;轻柔的;出身高贵的
▪ They spoke in gentle voices.
他们轻声说话。
▪ She gave a gentle touch.
她轻轻一碰。
▪ He had a gentle manner.
他举止温柔。
▪ They walked at a gentle pace.
他们缓步前行。
真正的;真诚的;名副其实的;真迹的
16c 拉丁 genuinus「天生的、固有的、真正的」<gignere/genus「出生」(或受 genu「膝」生父认领习俗影响)。
a. 真正的;真诚的;名副其实的;真迹的
▪ They checked it was genuine.
他们确认它是真的。
▪ She showed genuine care.
她表现出真诚的关心。
▪ He had a genuine smile.
他笑容真诚。
▪ They bought a genuine watch.
他们买了一块正品表。
同质的;同类的;均匀的
17c 拉丁 homogeneus<希腊 homogenes「同族的」=homo-「同」+genos「种类」。
a. 同质的;同类的;均匀的
▪ They formed a homogeneous group.
他们组成同质群体。
▪ She noted the homogeneous mix.
她注意到这种均匀混合。
▪ They kept the sample homogeneous.
他们保持样本均匀。
▪ He saw a homogeneous society.
他看到同质化的社会。
心灵手巧的;精巧的;有发明才能的
15c 拉丁 ingeniosus「有天赋的、聪明的」<ingenium「天生的才智、发明」=in-(在内)+gignere「生」。
a. 心灵手巧的;精巧的;有发明才能的
▪ They made an ingenious device.
他们做了一个精巧装置。
▪ She had an ingenious plan.
她有个巧妙的计划。
▪ He found an ingenious way.
他想出一个聪明办法。
▪ They praised the ingenious design.
他们称赞这个精巧设计。
亲属;家族;有亲属关系的
古英语 cynn「家族、种类、出身」<原始日耳曼 *kunjam「家族」<PIE *gene-「生育」,与拉丁 genus 同源。
名 亲属 a. 家族 a. 有亲属关系的
▪ They gathered their kin.
他们召集亲属。
▪ She is my kin.
她是我的亲人。
▪ He met his kin.
他见到了亲人。
▪ They welcomed their kin.
他们欢迎亲人。
种类;善良的;仁慈的
古英语 gecynd「出身、天性、种类」与 cynde「天生的、温良的」<*gen-to-m「出生的」<*gene-。
名 种类 a. 善良的 a. 仁慈的
▪ They helped a kind person.
他们帮助一位善良的人。
▪ She chose the right kind.
她选对了种类。
▪ He was kind to them.
他对他们友善。
▪ They offered a kind word.
他们说了一句友善的话。
国王;君主;(某领域)大王
古英语 cyning「部落出身高贵的首领」<原始日耳曼 *kuningaz<*kunjam「家族/血统」(*gene-)。
名 国王;君主;(某领域)大王
▪ They crowned the king.
他们为国王加冕。
▪ She served the king.
她侍奉国王。
▪ He was the king of rock.
他是摇滚之王。
▪ They obeyed the king.
他们服从国王。
诽谤;恶毒的;有害的
early14c 古法 maligne<拉丁 malignus「天性坏的」=male「坏」+-gnus(gignere 生)「天生坏」。
动 诽谤 a. 恶毒的 a. 有害的
▪ They maligned the rival.
他们诽谤对手。
▪ She faced a malign influence.
她面对恶毒的影响。
▪ He spread malign rumors.
他散布恶毒谣言。
▪ They ignored the malign force.
他们无视这股有害势力。
起源;来源;出身;起点
c.1400 拉丁 originem(origo)「升起、开端、出身」<oriri「升起、出生」(PIE *heri- 升起)。
名 起源;来源;出身;起点
▪ They traced the origin.
他们追溯起源。
▪ She forgot her origin.
她忘了出身。
▪ He explained the origin.
他解释了起源。
▪ They studied the origin of the country.
他们研究国家的起源。
怀孕的;蕴含的;意义深长的
15c 拉丁 praegnans「产前的、怀孕的」=prae(pre- 在前)+gnasci/nasci「出生」(*gene- 鼻化形)。
a. 怀孕的;蕴含的;意义深长的
▪ They announced she was pregnant.
他们宣布她怀孕了。
▪ She felt pregnant.
她有了身孕。
▪ The pause was pregnant.
这一停顿意味深长。
▪ They welcomed the pregnant guest.
他们迎接这位孕妇。
概括;笼统;大多数;一般性
15c 古法 généralité<晚期拉丁 generalitatem<generalis。
名 概括;笼统;大多数;一般性
▪ They spoke in generality.
他们泛泛而谈。
▪ She noted the generality.
她注意到这种笼统。
▪ He avoided generality.
他避免笼统。
▪ They discussed the generality.
他们讨论一般性。
概括;推广;普及;形成一般概念
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
动 概括;推广;普及;形成一般概念
▪ The manager decided to generalize the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前概括这个问题。
▪ She will generalize the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去概括这项任务。
▪ They need to generalize the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要概括这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to generalize the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就概括了计划。
属的;类的;通用的;非商标的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 属的;类的;通用的;非商标的
▪ The new rule will be generic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是属的。
▪ They considered the plan generic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是属的。
▪ The manager gave a generic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个属的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be generic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是属的的。
慷慨;大方;宽宏大量
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 慷慨;大方;宽宏大量
▪ The whole generosity took several hours to complete.
整个慷慨过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper generosity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的慷慨至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of generosity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了慷慨的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the generosity.
经理就慷慨写了一份清晰的报告。
和蔼的;亲切的;宜人的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 和蔼的;亲切的;宜人的
▪ The new rule will be genial for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是和蔼的。
▪ They considered the plan genial after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是和蔼的。
▪ The manager gave a genial answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个和蔼的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be genial before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是和蔼的的。
文雅的;有上流社会气派的;装体面的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 文雅的;有上流社会气派的;装体面的
▪ The new rule will be genteel for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是文雅的。
▪ They considered the plan genteel after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是文雅的。
▪ The manager gave a genteel answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个文雅的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be genteel before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是文雅的的。
非犹太人的;异教徒;(语法)同族的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 非犹太人的;异教徒;(语法)同族的
▪ The new rule will be gentile for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是非犹太人的。
▪ They considered the plan gentile after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是非犹太人的。
▪ The manager gave a gentile answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个非犹太人的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be gentile before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是非犹太人的的。
绅士;先生;有教养的男子
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 绅士;先生;有教养的男子
▪ The gentleman arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位绅士比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained gentleman knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的绅士知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced gentleman for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的绅士。
▪ The gentleman answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,绅士回答了记者的提问。
轻轻地;温和地;缓慢地
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
副 轻轻地;温和地;缓慢地
▪ The team gently finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前轻轻地完成了任务。
▪ She gently checked the results and then signed the form.
她轻轻地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were gently changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被轻轻地修改了。
▪ He spoke gently so that everyone could understand.
他轻轻地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
异质的;由不同种类组成的;混杂的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 异质的;由不同种类组成的;混杂的
▪ The new rule will be heterogeneous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是异质的。
▪ They considered the plan heterogeneous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是异质的。
▪ The manager gave a heterogeneous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个异质的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be heterogeneous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是异质的的。
先天的;天生的;与生俱来的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 先天的;天生的;与生俱来的
▪ The new rule will be congenital for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是先天的。
▪ They considered the plan congenital after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是先天的。
▪ The manager gave a congenital answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个先天的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be congenital before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是先天的的。
退化的;堕落的;退化;堕落
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 退化的;堕落的;退化;堕落
▪ The new rule will be degenerate for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是退化的。
▪ They considered the plan degenerate after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是退化的。
▪ The manager gave a degenerate answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个退化的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be degenerate before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是退化的的。
不真诚的;虚伪的;别有用心的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 不真诚的;虚伪的;别有用心的
▪ The new rule will be disingenuous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不真诚的。
▪ They considered the plan disingenuous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不真诚的。
▪ The manager gave a disingenuous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不真诚的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be disingenuous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不真诚的的。
产生;引起;酿成(情绪、局面)
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 产生;引起;酿成(情绪、局面)
▪ The engender is widely used in this kind of work.
产生在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the engender in a safe place after use.
用后请把产生放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the engender to the entrance of the building.
团队把产生搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable engender at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的产生。
工程师;技师;策划;设计建造
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 工程师;技师;策划;设计建造
▪ The engineer arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位工程师比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained engineer knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的工程师知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced engineer for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的工程师。
▪ The engineer answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,工程师回答了记者的提问。
发电机;发生器;产生者
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 发电机;发生器;产生者
▪ The generator is widely used in this kind of work.
发电机在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the generator in a safe place after use.
用后请把发电机放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the generator to the entrance of the building.
团队把发电机搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable generator at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的发电机。
(阿拉伯神话的)精灵;神怪
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 (阿拉伯神话的)精灵;神怪
▪ The genie is widely used in this kind of work.
精灵在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the genie in a safe place after use.
用后请把精灵放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the genie to the entrance of the building.
团队把精灵搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable genie at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的精灵。
细菌;病菌;萌芽;起源;胚芽
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 细菌;病菌;萌芽;起源;胚芽
▪ The germ is widely used in this kind of work.
细菌在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the germ in a safe place after use.
用后请把细菌放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the germ to the entrance of the building.
团队把细菌搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable germ at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的细菌。
独创力;心灵手巧;精巧的设计
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 独创力;心灵手巧;精巧的设计
▪ The whole ingenuity took several hours to complete.
整个独创力过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper ingenuity is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的独创力至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of ingenuity with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了独创力的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the ingenuity.
经理就独创力写了一份清晰的报告。
坦率的;天真的;胸无城府的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 坦率的;天真的;胸无城府的
▪ The new rule will be ingenuous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是坦率的。
▪ They considered the plan ingenuous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是坦率的。
▪ The manager gave a ingenuous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个坦率的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be ingenuous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是坦率的的。
后代;子孙;产物
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 后代;子孙;产物
▪ The progeny arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位后代比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained progeny knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的后代知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced progeny for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的后代。
▪ The progeny answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,后代回答了记者的提问。
再生;重建;改过自新;再生的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
动 再生;重建;改过自新;再生的
▪ The manager decided to regenerate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前再生这个问题。
▪ She will regenerate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去再生这项任务。
▪ They need to regenerate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要再生这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to regenerate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就再生了计划。
优生学;人种改良学
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 优生学;人种改良学
▪ The eugenics arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位优生学比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained eugenics knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的优生学知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced eugenics for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的优生学。
▪ The eugenics answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,优生学回答了记者的提问。
基因组;染色体组
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 基因组;染色体组
▪ The genome is widely used in this kind of work.
基因组在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the genome in a safe place after use.
用后请把基因组放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the genome to the entrance of the building.
团队把基因组搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable genome at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的基因组。
本土的;土生土长的;当地原产的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 本土的;土生土长的;当地原产的
▪ The new rule will be indigenous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是本土的。
▪ They considered the plan indigenous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是本土的。
▪ The manager gave a indigenous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个本土的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be indigenous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是本土的的。
恶性的;恶毒的;致命的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 恶性的;恶毒的;致命的
▪ The new rule will be malignant for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是恶性的。
▪ They considered the plan malignant after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是恶性的。
▪ The manager gave a malignant answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个恶性的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be malignant before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是恶性的的。
过敏原;变应原
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
动 过敏原;变应原
▪ The manager decided to allergen the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前过敏原这个问题。
▪ She will allergen the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去过敏原这项任务。
▪ They need to allergen the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要过敏原这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to allergen the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就过敏原了计划。
抗原
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
动 抗原
▪ The manager decided to antigen the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前抗原这个问题。
▪ She will antigen the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去抗原这项任务。
▪ They need to antigen the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要抗原这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to antigen the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就抗原了计划。
致癌物
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
动 致癌物
▪ The manager decided to carcinogen the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前致癌物这个问题。
▪ She will carcinogen the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去致癌物这项任务。
▪ They need to carcinogen the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要致癌物这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to carcinogen the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就致癌物了计划。
胶原蛋白;骨胶原
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
动 胶原蛋白;骨胶原
▪ The manager decided to collagen the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前胶原蛋白这个问题。
▪ She will collagen the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去胶原蛋白这项任务。
▪ They need to collagen the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要胶原蛋白这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to collagen the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就胶原蛋白了计划。
氧;氧气
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
动 氧;氧气
▪ The manager decided to oxygen the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前氧这个问题。
▪ She will oxygen the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去氧这项任务。
▪ They need to oxygen the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要氧这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to oxygen the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就氧了计划。
跨性别的;跨性别者
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
形 跨性别的;跨性别者
▪ The new rule will be transgender for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是跨性别的。
▪ They considered the plan transgender after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是跨性别的。
▪ The manager gave a transgender answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个跨性别的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be transgender before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是跨性别的的。
nat
e
(植物)联生的,并生的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:ad + nat + e
形 (植物)联生的,并生的
▪ The new rule will be adnate for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是联生的。
▪ They considered the plan adnate after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是联生的。
▪ The manager gave a adnate answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个联生的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be adnate before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是联生的的。
kin
类似的;同类的;同族的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:a + kin
形 类似的;同类的;同族的
▪ The new rule will be akin for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是类似的。
▪ They considered the plan akin after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是类似的。
▪ The manager gave a akin answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个类似的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be akin before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是类似的的。
o
gen
ic
同种异体的;他生的,外源的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:all + o + gen + ic
形 同种异体的;他生的,外源的
▪ The new rule will be allogenic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是同种异体的。
▪ They considered the plan allogenic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是同种异体的。
▪ The manager gave a allogenic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个同种异体的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be allogenic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是同种异体的的。
gen
ic
ity
抗原性
拉丁词根 gen 派生:anti + gen + ic + ity
名 抗原性
▪ The antigenicity is widely used in this kind of work.
抗原性在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the antigenicity in a safe place after use.
用后请把抗原性放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the antigenicity to the entrance of the building.
团队把抗原性搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable antigenicity at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的抗原性。
o
gen
ic
致癌的;致癌物的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:carcin + o + gen + ic
形 致癌的;致癌物的
▪ The new rule will be carcinogenic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是致癌的。
▪ They considered the plan carcinogenic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是致癌的。
▪ The manager gave a carcinogenic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个致癌的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be carcinogenic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是致癌的的。
gener
同种的物;同类人;同属的动植物
拉丁词根 gen 派生:con + gener
名 同种的物;同类人;同属的动植物
▪ The congener is widely used in this kind of work.
同种的物在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the congener in a safe place after use.
用后请把同种的物放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the congener to the entrance of the building.
团队把同种的物搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable congener at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的同种的物。
gener
ic
同类的,同属的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:con + gener + ic
形 同类的,同属的
▪ The new rule will be congeneric for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是同类的。
▪ They considered the plan congeneric after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是同类的。
▪ The manager gave a congeneric answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个同类的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be congeneric before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是同类的的。
nat
e
先天的;天生的;天赋的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:con + nat + e
形 先天的;天生的;天赋的
▪ The new rule will be connate for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是先天的。
▪ They considered the plan connate after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是先天的。
▪ The manager gave a connate answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个先天的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be connate before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是先天的的。
ry
(古)(总称)兵器,机械
拉丁词根 gen 派生:engine + ry
名 (古)(总称)兵器,机械
▪ The enginery arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位兵器比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained enginery knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的兵器知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced enginery for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的兵器。
▪ The enginery answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,兵器回答了记者的提问。
gen
ous
(身体部位)对性刺激敏感的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:ero + gen + ous
形 (身体部位)对性刺激敏感的
▪ The new rule will be erogenous for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是对性刺激敏感的。
▪ They considered the plan erogenous after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是对性刺激敏感的。
▪ The manager gave a erogenous answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个对性刺激敏感的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be erogenous before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是对性刺激敏感的的。
o
gen
雌性激素
拉丁词根 gen 派生:estr + o + gen
名 雌性激素
▪ The estrogen is widely used in this kind of work.
雌性激素在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the estrogen in a safe place after use.
用后请把雌性激素放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the estrogen to the entrance of the building.
团队把雌性激素搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable estrogen at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的雌性激素。
gen
ic
优生的;优生学的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:eu + gen + ic
形 优生的;优生学的
▪ The new rule will be eugenic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是优生的。
▪ They considered the plan eugenic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是优生的。
▪ The manager gave a eugenic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个优生的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be eugenic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是优生的的。
ea
log
y
宗谱;血统;家系;系谱学
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen + ea + log + y
名 宗谱;血统;家系;系谱学
▪ The genealogy is widely used in this kind of work.
宗谱在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the genealogy in a safe place after use.
用后请把宗谱放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the genealogy to the entrance of the building.
团队把宗谱搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable genealogy at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的宗谱。
ation
概括,普遍化,一般化
拉丁词根 gen 派生:generaliz + ation
名 概括,普遍化,一般化
▪ The generalization is widely used in this kind of work.
概括在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the generalization in a safe place after use.
用后请把概括放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the generalization to the entrance of the building.
团队把概括搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable generalization at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的概括。
ly
通常;一般
拉丁词根 gen 派生:general + ly
副 通常;一般
▪ The team generally finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前通常完成了任务。
▪ She generally checked the results and then signed the form.
她通常核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were generally changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被通常修改了。
▪ He spoke generally so that everyone could understand.
他通常发言,好让每个人都听懂。
al
ly
基因地,遗传地
拉丁词根 gen 派生:genetic + al + ly
副 基因地,遗传地
▪ The team genetically finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前基因地完成了任务。
▪ She genetically checked the results and then signed the form.
她基因地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were genetically changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被基因地修改了。
▪ He spoke genetically so that everyone could understand.
他基因地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
ity
亲切,和蔼;舒适
拉丁词根 gen 派生:genial + ity
名 亲切,和蔼;舒适
▪ The geniality is widely used in this kind of work.
亲切在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the geniality in a safe place after use.
用后请把亲切放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the geniality to the entrance of the building.
团队把亲切搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable geniality at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的亲切。
基因型;遗传型
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 基因型;遗传型
▪ The genotype is widely used in this kind of work.
基因型在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the genotype in a safe place after use.
用后请把基因型放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the genotype to the entrance of the building.
团队把基因型搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable genotype at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的基因型。
ry
绅士们;贵族们;上流社会人士;(反讽)人们
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gent + ry
名 绅士们;贵族们;上流社会人士;(反讽)人们
▪ The gentry arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位绅士们比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained gentry knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的绅士们知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced gentry for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的绅士们。
▪ The gentry answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,绅士们回答了记者的提问。
ad
性腺;生殖腺
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gon + ad
名 性腺;生殖腺
▪ The gonad is widely used in this kind of work.
性腺在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the gonad in a safe place after use.
用后请把性腺放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the gonad to the entrance of the building.
团队把性腺搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable gonad at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的性腺。
o
gen
迷幻剂
拉丁词根 gen 派生:hallucin + o + gen
名 迷幻剂
▪ The hallucinogen arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位迷幻剂比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained hallucinogen knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的迷幻剂知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced hallucinogen for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的迷幻剂。
▪ The hallucinogen answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,迷幻剂回答了记者的提问。
o
gen
ic
引起幻觉的;迷幻剂的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:hallucin + o + gen + ic
形 引起幻觉的;迷幻剂的
▪ The new rule will be hallucinogenic for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是引起幻觉的。
▪ They considered the plan hallucinogenic after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是引起幻觉的。
▪ The manager gave a hallucinogenic answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个引起幻觉的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be hallucinogenic before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是引起幻觉的的。
免疫原性,致免疫性
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 免疫原性,致免疫性
▪ The immunogenicity is widely used in this kind of work.
免疫原性在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the immunogenicity in a safe place after use.
用后请把免疫原性放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the immunogenicity to the entrance of the building.
团队把免疫原性搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable immunogenicity at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的免疫原性。
幼儿园;幼稚园
拉丁词根 gen 派生:garden,花园,t-d相通)
名 幼儿园;幼稚园
▪ They met near the kindergarten after the work was finished.
工作结束后,他们在幼儿园附近碰面。
▪ The new kindergarten opened to the public last month.
新的幼儿园上个月向公众开放。
▪ Many visitors gather at the kindergarten during the summer.
夏天有许多游客聚集在幼儿园。
▪ The kindergarten is located just outside the center of the city.
幼儿园就坐落在市中心外侧。
家族;相似;亲属关系adj.同类的,同族的;血缘的
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 家族;相似;亲属关系adj.同类的,同族的;血缘的
▪ The kindred is widely used in this kind of work.
家族在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the kindred in a safe place after use.
用后请把家族放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the kindred to the entrance of the building.
团队把家族搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable kindred at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的家族。
男性亲戚
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 男性亲戚
▪ The kinsman arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位男性亲戚比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained kinsman knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的男性亲戚知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced kinsman for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的男性亲戚。
▪ The kinsman answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,男性亲戚回答了记者的提问。
祖先;先驱,创始人
拉丁词根 gen 派生:gen
名 祖先;先驱,创始人
▪ The progenitor is widely used in this kind of work.
祖先在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the progenitor in a safe place after use.
用后请把祖先放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the progenitor to the entrance of the building.
团队把祖先搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable progenitor at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的祖先。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
注意:kin/kind/king 与 gen-
kin、kind、king 是日耳曼本族词(*gene-→*kunją「亲族」);general、generate 是拉丁借词。二者同 PIE *gene- 但走两条路。
benign/malign
benign=bene「好」+genus「生」=「生得好→仁慈」;malign=male「坏」+genus=「生得坏→恶意」。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *gene-(to beget, kind)
│
├─ 拉丁 gignō · gignere · genuī · genitum/genus · generis
│ ├─ gener-:general · generate · generation · generous · gender
│ ├─ gen-:genius · gentle · genuine
│ ├─ bene/male+genus:benign · malign
│ └─ orīgō:origin · pregnant
│
├─ 希腊 genos/genesis(种/生):gene · genesis · genetic · homogeneous
│
└─ 日耳曼 *kunją:英语 kin/kind/king(本族同根)
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 gen- 同根,以动词三词干、第三变格名词与日耳曼 kin 同源为决定性证据。
三词干+名词
gen-/genu-/genit- 同根;general 由 gener- 推出。
genus→genre / -us→-re
古法词尾软化。
25 词闭环
本页 25 词都由 gen-/gener- 加 -al/-ation/-ous 或复合生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
G · 希腊 genos(种)
gen-
gene「基因」· genesis「起源」· genetic「遗传的」· homogeneous「同质的」
N · 日耳曼 kin(本族)
kun-
英语 kin/kind/king(*gene-→*kunją)本族同根
一屏速记 · 83 词
a. 和善的;(肿瘤)良性的;温和的
构beni- / gn
例They gave a benign smile
a. 意气相投的;宜人的;相宜的
构con- / geni / -al
例They found a congenial group
名 发动机;引擎;机车;(古)计谋、机械
构en- / gine
例They started the engine
名 性别;(语法)性
构gendre
例They studied gender roles
名 基因
构gene
例They studied the gene
a. 总的;名 一般的;名 普遍的;名 将军
构gener- / -al
例They spoke in general terms
动 产生;生成;发电;繁殖
构gener- / -ate
例They generated power
名 一代(人);产生;世代
构gener / -ation
例They raised a new generation
a. 慷慨的;大方的;大量的;宽厚的
构gener- / -ous
例They made a generous donation
名 起源;开端;创世纪(大写)
构genes / -is
例They studied the genesis
a. 遗传的;基因的;起源的
构gen / -etic
例They studied genetic codes
名 遗传学;(事物的)起源、成因
构genetic / -ics
例They studied genetics
名 天才;天赋;天才人物;(时代)精神
构geni- / -us
例They recognized his genius
名 (文艺的)体裁;类型;流派
构
例They liked the genre
a. 温和的;轻柔的;出身高贵的
构gent- / -ile
例They spoke in gentle voices
a. 真正的;真诚的;名副其实的;真迹的
构genu- / -ine
例They checked it was genuine
a. 同质的;同类的;均匀的
构homo- / gen / -ous
例They formed a homogeneous group
a. 心灵手巧的;精巧的;有发明才能的
构in- / geni / -ous
例They made an ingenious device
名 亲属;a. 家族;a. 有亲属关系的
构
例They gathered their kin
名 种类;a. 善良的;a. 仁慈的
构
例They helped a kind person
名 国王;君主;(某领域)大王
构kun- / -ing
例They crowned the king
动 诽谤;a. 恶毒的;a. 有害的
构mali- / gn
例They maligned the rival
名 起源;来源;出身;起点
构ori / -gin
例They traced the origin
a. 怀孕的;蕴含的;意义深长的
构pre- / gnant
例They announced she was pregnant
名 概括;笼统;大多数;一般性
构general / -ity
例They spoke in generality
动 概括;推广;普及;形成一般概念
源gen
构gen
例The manager decided to generalize the problem before the meeting.
形 属的;类的;通用的;非商标的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be generic for everyone in the group.
名 慷慨;大方;宽宏大量
源gen
构gen
例The whole generosity took several hours to complete.
形 和蔼的;亲切的;宜人的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be genial for everyone in the group.
形 文雅的;有上流社会气派的;装体面的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be genteel for everyone in the group.
形 非犹太人的;异教徒;(语法)同族的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be gentile for everyone in the group.
名 绅士;先生;有教养的男子
源gen
构gen
例The gentleman arrived at the office earlier than usual.
副 轻轻地;温和地;缓慢地
源gen
构gen
例The team gently finished the task before the deadline.
形 异质的;由不同种类组成的;混杂的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be heterogeneous for everyone in the group.
形 先天的;天生的;与生俱来的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be congenital for everyone in the group.
形 退化的;堕落的;退化;堕落
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be degenerate for everyone in the group.
形 不真诚的;虚伪的;别有用心的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be disingenuous for everyone in the group.
名 产生;引起;酿成(情绪、局面)
源gen
构gen
例The engender is widely used in this kind of work.
名 工程师;技师;策划;设计建造
源gen
构gen
例The engineer arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 发电机;发生器;产生者
源gen
构gen
例The generator is widely used in this kind of work.
名 (阿拉伯神话的)精灵;神怪
源gen
构gen
例The genie is widely used in this kind of work.
名 细菌;病菌;萌芽;起源;胚芽
源gen
构gen
例The germ is widely used in this kind of work.
名 独创力;心灵手巧;精巧的设计
源gen
构gen
例The whole ingenuity took several hours to complete.
形 坦率的;天真的;胸无城府的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be ingenuous for everyone in the group.
名 后代;子孙;产物
源gen
构gen
例The progeny arrived at the office earlier than usual.
动 再生;重建;改过自新;再生的
源gen
构gen
例The manager decided to regenerate the problem before the meeting.
名 优生学;人种改良学
源gen
构gen
例The eugenics arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 基因组;染色体组
源gen
构gen
例The genome is widely used in this kind of work.
形 本土的;土生土长的;当地原产的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be indigenous for everyone in the group.
形 恶性的;恶毒的;致命的
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be malignant for everyone in the group.
动 过敏原;变应原
源gen
构gen
例The manager decided to allergen the problem before the meeting.
动 抗原
源gen
构gen
例The manager decided to antigen the problem before the meeting.
动 致癌物
源gen
构gen
例The manager decided to carcinogen the problem before the meeting.
动 胶原蛋白;骨胶原
源gen
构gen
例The manager decided to collagen the problem before the meeting.
动 氧;氧气
源gen
构gen
例The manager decided to oxygen the problem before the meeting.
形 跨性别的;跨性别者
源gen
构gen
例The new rule will be transgender for everyone in the group.
形 (植物)联生的,并生的
源ad + nat + e
构ad + nat + e
例The new rule will be adnate for everyone in the group.
形 类似的;同类的;同族的
源a + kin
构a + kin
例The new rule will be akin for everyone in the group.
形 同种异体的;他生的,外源的
源all + o + gen + ic
构all + o + gen + ic
例The new rule will be allogenic for everyone in the group.
名 抗原性
源anti + gen + ic + ity
构anti + gen + ic + ity
例The antigenicity is widely used in this kind of work.
形 致癌的;致癌物的
源carcin + o + gen + ic
构carcin + o + gen + ic
例The new rule will be carcinogenic for everyone in the group.
名 同种的物;同类人;同属的动植物
源con + gener
构con + gener
例The congener is widely used in this kind of work.
形 同类的,同属的
源con + gener + ic
构con + gener + ic
例The new rule will be congeneric for everyone in the group.
形 先天的;天生的;天赋的
源con + nat + e
构con + nat + e
例The new rule will be connate for everyone in the group.
名 (古)(总称)兵器,机械
源engine + ry
构engine + ry
例The enginery arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 (身体部位)对性刺激敏感的
源ero + gen + ous
构ero + gen + ous
例The new rule will be erogenous for everyone in the group.
名 雌性激素
源estr + o + gen
构estr + o + gen
例The estrogen is widely used in this kind of work.
形 优生的;优生学的
源eu + gen + ic
构eu + gen + ic
例The new rule will be eugenic for everyone in the group.
名 宗谱;血统;家系;系谱学
源gen + ea + log + y
构gen + ea + log + y
例The genealogy is widely used in this kind of work.
名 概括,普遍化,一般化
源generaliz + ation
构generaliz + ation
例The generalization is widely used in this kind of work.
副 通常;一般
源general + ly
构general + ly
例The team generally finished the task before the deadline.
副 基因地,遗传地
源genetic + al + ly
构genetic + al + ly
例The team genetically finished the task before the deadline.
名 亲切,和蔼;舒适
源genial + ity
构genial + ity
例The geniality is widely used in this kind of work.
名 基因型;遗传型
源gen
构gen
例The genotype is widely used in this kind of work.
名 绅士们;贵族们;上流社会人士;(反讽)人们
源gent + ry
构gent + ry
例The gentry arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 性腺;生殖腺
源gon + ad
构gon + ad
例The gonad is widely used in this kind of work.
名 迷幻剂
源hallucin + o + gen
构hallucin + o + gen
例The hallucinogen arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 引起幻觉的;迷幻剂的
源hallucin + o + gen + ic
构hallucin + o + gen + ic
例The new rule will be hallucinogenic for everyone in the group.
名 免疫原性,致免疫性
源gen
构gen
例The immunogenicity is widely used in this kind of work.
名 幼儿园;幼稚园
源garden,花园,t-d相通)
构garden,花园,t-d相通)
例They met near the kindergarten after the work was finished.
名 家族;相似;亲属关系adj.同类的,同族的;血缘的
源gen
构gen
例The kindred is widely used in this kind of work.
名 男性亲戚
源gen
构gen
例The kinsman arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 祖先;先驱,创始人
源gen
构gen
例The progenitor is widely used in this kind of work.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
gen 在三条线上的同根字根(点击可跳转)。
G 篇待补 · genos(种/生)
N 篇待补 · kin/kind/king(*gene- 亲族)

