拉丁字根 L044・junct

LATIN ROOT · L044 · 拉丁字根

join / junct连接 · 结合

PIE root *yeug- 「to join, yoke」

语源:拉丁借词(经古法语)拉丁第三变位:jungō · jungere · jūnxī · junctus共时词族:6 词

同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES

同一个印欧「连接」根 *yeug-,与英语 yoke(轭)同源;拉丁 jungere 给现在词干 jung- 与分词词干 junct-。

L · LATIN 拉丁(本根)

*yeug- → Latin jungere「to join」;分词 junctus

jungō / junct-

join · joint · junction · conjunction · injunction(详见本页)

G · GREEK 希腊

*yeug- → Greek zeugnūmi「to yoke」(ζεῦγνυμι)

zeug-G 篇待补

希腊 zeug-「轭、连接」;英语 zealous?否,借词见 outer

N · GERMANIC 日耳曼

*yeug- → 古英语 geoc「yoke」(格林定律 *g→k)

yokeN 篇待补

英语本族 yoke「轭」与 join 同源

格林定律 Grimm’s Law:PIE 软腭音 *g 在日耳曼变 k(古英语 geoc→现代 yoke),拉丁保留 g(jungere)。

词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB

jungere 第三变位;英语 join 经古法借现在词干,junction 等借分词词干 junct-。

PRESENT 现在词干

jung-

jungō, jungere|第三变位

join(古法 joindre)· joint(古法 joint)

PERFECT 完成词干

jūnx-

jūnxī|-x- 完成(g+s→x)

拉丁完成时:jūnxī「我连接了」

PARTICIPLE 分词词干

junct-

junctum / junctus|完成分词 -t-

junction · conjunction · adjunct · injunction

音变小注 SOUND CHANGES

从拉丁 jungere 到英语 join/junct-,四次关键的形态—语音调整。

①词干 -ng- 在古法脱落

拉丁 jungere 经古法语 joindre,词内 -ng- 弱化为 -ign-→join;分词 junctus→joint(-ct- 古法读 /tʃ/)。

②-ct- 在 joint 中腭化

分词 junctus→古法 joint,-ct- 在前元音前腭化,英语 joint /dʒɔɪnt/。

③书面借词保留 junct-

学术词 junction、conjunction 直接借拉丁分词 junct-,不软化,读 /ˈdʒʌŋkʃn/。

④-tiō→-tion

junctiō→conjunction;词尾 -um 脱落。

形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY

jungere 是第三变位动词,完成时 jūnxī(-x- 型);英语双式:join/joint 经古法,junct- 为书面借词。

现在 1sg

jungō

我连接

现在不定式

jungere

to join

完成 1sg

jūnxī

我连接了

目的分词

junctum

被连接(分词词干)

现在时变位 · 第三变位(连接元音 -i-/-u-)

人称 主动 词结构
1 sg jungō jung-ō
2 sg jungis jung-is
3 sg jungit jung-it
1 pl jungimus jung-imus
2 pl jungitis jung-itis
3 pl jungunt jung-unt

入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语

英语词 拉丁 古法语 入英年代
join jungere joindre 13 世纪
joint junctus joint 13 世纪
junction junctiōnem — 18 世纪
conjunction conjunctionem conjunction 14 世纪

三个关键事实:① 完成时 jūnxī 是 -x- 型(g+s 合音为 x);② join/joint 经古法口语化,junct- 为书面形;③ 同根本族词 yoke「轭」才是 *yeug- 的日耳曼继承。

-ion拉丁 -tiō:junction · conjunction · injunction
-ure拉丁 -ūra:juncture
-or拉丁 -or:junction 阴性名词 -iō

语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP

jungere 核心是「连接、套上轭」,由物理连接到语法连词、法院禁令多线引申。

连接、结合

拉丁本义 jungere

→

参加、加入

join
连接点

junctus

→

关节、接缝

joint
连到一起

con-

→

连词

conjunction
套上轭

*yeug-

→

轭

yoke

→

奴役

yoke
习语:join in「参加」· out of joint「脱臼;杂乱」· join the club「彼此彼此」。
conjunction/kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/A
con-junct-ion

一起 / 连到一起 → 结合;语法指「连接词与词的词」即连词。 / 连接 / 名词

14世纪,源自古法语 conjunction,来自拉丁语 coniunctionem(主格 coniunctio)「连接、结合」,coniungere 的动作名词。

名 连词;结合;同时发生;(天文)合

▪ In the sentence, and is a conjunction.
在这个句子里,and 是一个连词。

▪ The event worked best in conjunction with the fair.
这项活动与集市配合时效果最佳。

▪ A conjunction of factors caused the delay.
多种因素共同导致了延误。

▪ The astronomers watched the conjunction of the two planets.
天文学家观测到两颗行星的合。

join/dʒɔɪn/S 核心

拉丁现在干 iung- / 通俗拉丁 *jungere → 古法 joindre → 英语 join(连接、加入)

13世纪,源自古法语 joindre「连接、结合、汇合」,来自拉丁语 iungere「连接、结合、套轭」(第三变位 iungo·iungere·iunxi·iunctum)。

动 连接;加入;参加;汇合

▪ They joined the two pipes with glue.
他们用胶水把两根管子接了起来。

▪ She decided to join the hiking club.
她决定加入徒步俱乐部。

▪ The two rivers join just below the bridge.
两条河就在桥下汇合。

▪ She asked if we would join them for dinner.
她问我们是否愿意和他们一起吃晚饭。

joint/dʒɔɪnt/S 核心

拉丁分词干 iunct- / 古法 joint(被连接的地方)→ 关节、接头;形容词义「共同的」

13世纪,源自古法语 joint「连接、关节」,是 joindre(join)的过去分词,来自拉丁语 iunctus(iungere 的过去分词 iunctum)。

名 关节 形 接头 形 共同的 形 联合的

▪ His knee joint hurts after the long run.
长跑后他的膝关节疼。

▪ They opened a joint bank account.
他们开了一个联名银行账户。

▪ The two companies made a joint bid.
两家公司联合竞标。

▪ The pipe joint began to leak.
管子的接头开始漏水。

junction/ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/A
junct-ion

连接,iunctus / 连接之处 → 交汇点、枢纽。 / 名词,动作/处所

18世纪,源自拉丁语 iunctionem(主格 iunctio)「连接、接合」,iungere 的动作名词;英语最初也作 juncture,后分化。

名 交汇点;枢纽;交叉口;连接

▪ The accident happened at a busy junction.
事故发生在一个繁忙的交叉口。

▪ The railway junction connects three lines.
这个铁路枢纽连接三条线路。

▪ Turn left at the next junction.
在下一个路口左转。

▪ The junction of the two rivers forms a lake.
两条河的交汇处形成了一个湖。

adjunct/ˈædʒʌŋkt/A
ad--junct

向、到 / 连到主体上的(人/物)→ 附属。 / 连接,iunctus 分词

16世纪30年代,源自拉丁语 adiunctus「连到…上的、附加的」,是 adiungere(ad-「向」+iungere)的过去分词。

名 附属物 形 助手 形 附属的 形 附加的

▪ The dictionary is a useful adjunct to the course.
这本词典是这门课程有用的辅助材料。

▪ She worked as an adjunct professor.
她担任兼职教授。

▪ The tool is an adjunct to the main system.
这个工具是主系统的附加组件。

▪ They hired him as an adjunct to the sales team.
他们聘他作销售团队的助手。

injunction/ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/A
in-junct-ion

on,加到…身上 / 把(义务/约束)接到身上 → 命令、禁令。 / 连接 / 名词

15世纪初,源自晚期拉丁语 iniunctionem「命令」,是 iniungere「加诸、使承担」(in-「on,于上」+iungere「连接」)的动作名词。

名 (法院的)禁令;指令;命令

▪ The court issued an injunction to stop the sale.
法院发出禁令,叫停了这笔出售。

▪ The company sought an injunction against the rival.
公司请求法院对竞争对手发出禁令。

▪ He ignored the injunction and spoke to the press.
他无视禁令,向媒体发了言。

▪ The workers defied the court injunction.
工人们违抗了法院的禁令。

adjoin/əˈdʒɔɪn/B
join/junct

毗连;紧邻;与…相接

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 毗连;紧邻;与…相接

▪ The adjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
毗连在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the adjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把毗连放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the adjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把毗连搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable adjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的毗连。

adjoining/əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/C
join/junct

毗邻的;隔壁的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 毗邻的;隔壁的

▪ The new rule will be adjoining for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是毗邻的。

▪ They considered the plan adjoining after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是毗邻的。

▪ The manager gave a adjoining answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个毗邻的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be adjoining before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是毗邻的的。

conjoin/kənˈdʒɔɪn/B
join/junct

结合;联合;使连在一起

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 结合;联合;使连在一起

▪ The conjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
结合在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the conjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把结合放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the conjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把结合搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable conjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的结合。

conjoined/kənˈdʒɔɪnd/C
join/junct

结合的;连体的;连在一起的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 结合的;连体的;连在一起的

▪ The new rule will be conjoined for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是结合的。

▪ They considered the plan conjoined after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是结合的。

▪ The manager gave a conjoined answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个结合的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be conjoined before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是结合的的。

disjoin/dɪsˈdʒɔɪn/C
join/junct

分开;使分离;拆开

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 分开;使分离;拆开

▪ The disjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
分开在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the disjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把分开放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the disjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把分开搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable disjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的分开。

disjoint/dɪsˈdʒɔɪnt/B
join/junct

使脱臼;使分离;(数学)不相交的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 使脱臼;使分离;(数学)不相交的

▪ The disjoint is widely used in this kind of work.
使脱臼在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the disjoint in a safe place after use.
用后请把使脱臼放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the disjoint to the entrance of the building.
团队把使脱臼搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable disjoint at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的使脱臼。

disjointed/dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/C
join/junct

杂乱无章的;不连贯的;脱臼的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 杂乱无章的;不连贯的;脱臼的

▪ The new rule will be disjointed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是杂乱无章的。

▪ They considered the plan disjointed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是杂乱无章的。

▪ The manager gave a disjointed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个杂乱无章的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be disjointed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是杂乱无章的的。

enjoin/ɪnˈdʒɔɪn/B
join/junct

命令;嘱咐;(依法)禁止

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 命令;嘱咐;(依法)禁止

▪ The enjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
命令在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the enjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把命令放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the enjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把命令搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable enjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的命令。

joiner/ˈdʒɔɪnər/B
join/junct

细木工匠;接合者;参加者

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 细木工匠;接合者;参加者

▪ The joiner arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位细木工匠比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained joiner knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的细木工匠知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced joiner for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的细木工匠。

▪ The joiner answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,细木工匠回答了记者的提问。

joinery/ˈdʒɔɪnəri/C
join/junct

细木工(活/行业);木作制品

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 细木工(活/行业);木作制品

▪ The joinery is widely used in this kind of work.
细木工在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the joinery in a safe place after use.
用后请把细木工放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the joinery to the entrance of the building.
团队把细木工搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable joinery at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的细木工。

jointed/ˈdʒɔɪntɪd/C
join/junct

有关节的;有接缝的;分节的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 有关节的;有接缝的;分节的

▪ The new rule will be jointed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有关节的。

▪ They considered the plan jointed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有关节的。

▪ The manager gave a jointed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有关节的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be jointed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有关节的的。

jointly/ˈdʒɔɪntli/C
join/junct

共同地;联合地

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

副 共同地;联合地

▪ The team jointly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前共同地完成了任务。

▪ She jointly checked the results and then signed the form.
她共同地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were jointly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被共同地修改了。

▪ He spoke jointly so that everyone could understand.
他共同地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

jointure/ˈdʒɔɪntʃər/C
join/junct

(丈夫生前设定、供遗孀的)寡妇财产;寡妇产

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 (丈夫生前设定、供遗孀的)寡妇财产;寡妇产

▪ The jointure arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位寡妇财产比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained jointure knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的寡妇财产知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced jointure for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的寡妇财产。

▪ The jointure answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,寡妇财产回答了记者的提问。

junta/ˈdʒʌntə/C
join/junct

(政变后掌权的)军人集团;军政府;政治集团

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 (政变后掌权的)军人集团;军政府;政治集团

▪ The junta arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位军人集团比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained junta knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的军人集团知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced junta for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的军人集团。

▪ The junta answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,军人集团回答了记者的提问。

junto/ˈdʒʌntoʊ/C
join/junct

秘密政治集团;派系;小圈子

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 秘密政治集团;派系;小圈子

▪ The junto is widely used in this kind of work.
秘密政治集团在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the junto in a safe place after use.
用后请把秘密政治集团放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the junto to the entrance of the building.
团队把秘密政治集团搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable junto at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的秘密政治集团。

rejoin/riˈdʒɔɪn/C
join/junct

重新加入;与…重聚;反驳;回答

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 重新加入;与…重聚;反驳;回答

▪ The rejoin is widely used in this kind of work.
重新加入在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the rejoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把重新加入放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the rejoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把重新加入搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable rejoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的重新加入。

rejoinder/rɪˈdʒɔɪndər/C
join/junct

反驳;回嘴;(法律)被告的再答辩

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 反驳;回嘴;(法律)被告的再答辩

▪ The rejoinder is widely used in this kind of work.
反驳在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the rejoinder in a safe place after use.
用后请把反驳放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the rejoinder to the entrance of the building.
团队把反驳搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable rejoinder at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的反驳。

subjoin/səbˈdʒɔɪn/C
join/junct

(在末尾)补充;追加;附加

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 (在末尾)补充;追加;附加

▪ The subjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
补充在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the subjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把补充放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the subjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把补充搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable subjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的补充。

adjunction/əˈdʒʌŋkʃən/B
join/junct

附加;添加;(数学)附益;(句法)附加关系

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 附加;添加;(数学)附益;(句法)附加关系

▪ The whole adjunction took several hours to complete.
整个附加过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper adjunction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的附加至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of adjunction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了附加的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the adjunction.
经理就附加写了一份清晰的报告。

adjunctive/əˈdʒʌŋktɪv/B
join/junct

附属的;附加的;辅助的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 附属的;附加的;辅助的

▪ The new rule will be adjunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是附属的。

▪ They considered the plan adjunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是附属的。

▪ The manager gave a adjunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个附属的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be adjunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是附属的的。

conjunct/kənˈdʒʌŋkt/B
join/junct

结合的;连接的;(音乐)级进的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 结合的;连接的;(音乐)级进的

▪ The new rule will be conjunct for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是结合的。

▪ They considered the plan conjunct after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是结合的。

▪ The manager gave a conjunct answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个结合的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be conjunct before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是结合的的。

conjunctiva/ˌkɑːndʒʌŋkˈtaɪvə/C
join/junct

(眼)结膜

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 (眼)结膜

▪ The conjunctiva is widely used in this kind of work.
结膜在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the conjunctiva in a safe place after use.
用后请把结膜放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the conjunctiva to the entrance of the building.
团队把结膜搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable conjunctiva at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的结膜。

conjunctive/kənˈdʒʌŋktɪv/C
join/junct

连接的;联合的;连词的;连接词

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 连接的;联合的;连词的;连接词

▪ The new rule will be conjunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是连接的。

▪ They considered the plan conjunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是连接的。

▪ The manager gave a conjunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个连接的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be conjunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是连接的的。

conjunctivitis/kənˌdʒʌŋktɪˈvaɪtəs/C
join/junct

结膜炎(俗称红眼病)

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 结膜炎(俗称红眼病)

▪ The conjunctivitis is widely used in this kind of work.
结膜炎在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the conjunctivitis in a safe place after use.
用后请把结膜炎放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the conjunctivitis to the entrance of the building.
团队把结膜炎搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable conjunctivitis at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的结膜炎。

conjuncture/kənˈdʒʌŋktʃər/B
join/junct

(事态的)交汇;局势;紧要关头

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 (事态的)交汇;局势;紧要关头

▪ The conjuncture is widely used in this kind of work.
交汇在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the conjuncture in a safe place after use.
用后请把交汇放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the conjuncture to the entrance of the building.
团队把交汇搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable conjuncture at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的交汇。

disjunct/dɪsˈdʒʌŋkt/C
join/junct

分离的;(音乐)跳进的;(逻辑)选言命题

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 分离的;(音乐)跳进的;(逻辑)选言命题

▪ The new rule will be disjunct for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是分离的。

▪ They considered the plan disjunct after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是分离的。

▪ The manager gave a disjunct answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个分离的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be disjunct before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是分离的的。

disjunction/dɪsˈdʒʌŋkʃən/B
join/junct

分离;分裂;(逻辑)析取;(生物)染色体不分离

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 分离;分裂;(逻辑)析取;(生物)染色体不分离

▪ The whole disjunction took several hours to complete.
整个分离过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper disjunction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的分离至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of disjunction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了分离的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the disjunction.
经理就分离写了一份清晰的报告。

disjunctive/dɪsˈdʒʌŋktɪv/B
join/junct

转折的;分离的;转折连词;选言命题

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 转折的;分离的;转折连词;选言命题

▪ The new rule will be disjunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是转折的。

▪ They considered the plan disjunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是转折的。

▪ The manager gave a disjunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个转折的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be disjunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是转折的的。

disjuncture/dɪsˈdʒʌŋktʃər/C
join/junct

分离;脱节;断裂状态

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 分离;脱节;断裂状态

▪ The disjuncture is widely used in this kind of work.
分离在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the disjuncture in a safe place after use.
用后请把分离放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the disjuncture to the entrance of the building.
团队把分离搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable disjuncture at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的分离。

juncture/ˈdʒʌŋktʃər/B
join/junct

接合处;紧要关头;时刻

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 接合处;紧要关头;时刻

▪ The juncture is widely used in this kind of work.
接合处在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the juncture in a safe place after use.
用后请把接合处放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the juncture to the entrance of the building.
团队把接合处搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable juncture at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的接合处。

subjunction/səbˈdʒʌŋkʃən/C
join/junct

追加;附加(的话/事物);增补

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 追加;附加(的话/事物);增补

▪ The whole subjunction took several hours to complete.
整个追加过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper subjunction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的追加至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of subjunction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了追加的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the subjunction.
经理就追加写了一份清晰的报告。

subjunctive/səbˈdʒʌŋktɪv/B
join/junct

虚拟语气的;虚拟语气

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 虚拟语气的;虚拟语气

▪ The new rule will be subjunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是虚拟语气的。

▪ They considered the plan subjunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是虚拟语气的。

▪ The manager gave a subjunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个虚拟语气的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be subjunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是虚拟语气的的。

conjoint/kənˈdʒɔɪnt/B
con
join
t

联合的,关联的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:con + join + t

形 联合的,关联的

▪ The new rule will be conjoint for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是联合的。

▪ They considered the plan conjoint after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是联合的。

▪ The manager gave a conjoint answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个联合的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be conjoint before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是联合的的。

conjugal/ˈkɑːndʒəɡl/B
con
jug
al

婚姻的,夫妻之间的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:con + jug + al

形 婚姻的,夫妻之间的

▪ The new rule will be conjugal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是婚姻的。

▪ They considered the plan conjugal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是婚姻的。

▪ The manager gave a conjugal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个婚姻的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be conjugal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是婚姻的的。

conjugate/ˈkɑːndʒəɡeɪt/B
con
jug
ate

(使)结合,(使)配对;(语法)列举动词的词形变化adj.结合的,成对的n.结合物,成对物

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:con + jug + ate

动 (使)结合,(使)配对;(语法)列举动词的词形变化adj.结合的,成对的n.结合物,成对物

▪ The manager decided to conjugate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前结合这个问题。

▪ She will conjugate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去结合这项任务。

▪ They need to conjugate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要结合这些材料。

▪ Nobody expected him to conjugate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就结合了计划。

injunct/ɪnˈdʒʌŋkt/B
join/junct

下令禁止;发布针对…的禁令

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

动 下令禁止;发布针对…的禁令

▪ The manager decided to injunct the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前下令禁止这个问题。

▪ She will injunct the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去下令禁止这项任务。

▪ They need to injunct the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要下令禁止这些材料。

▪ Nobody expected him to injunct the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就下令禁止了计划。

injunctive/ɪnˈdʒʌŋktɪv/B
join/junct

命令的,禁令的

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 命令的,禁令的

▪ The new rule will be injunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是命令的。

▪ They considered the plan injunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是命令的。

▪ The manager gave a injunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个命令的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be injunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是命令的的。

jugular/ˈdʒʌɡjələ(r)/B
join/junct

颈部的,咽喉的n.颈静脉

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

形 颈部的,咽喉的n.颈静脉

▪ The new rule will be jugular for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是颈部的。

▪ They considered the plan jugular after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是颈部的。

▪ The manager gave a jugular answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个颈部的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be jugular before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是颈部的的。

yoke/joʊk/B
join/junct

轭,牛轭,轭状物vt.给……装上轭,(强行)使联合

拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct

名 轭,牛轭,轭状物vt.给……装上轭,(强行)使联合

▪ The yoke is widely used in this kind of work.
轭在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the yoke in a safe place after use.
用后请把轭放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the yoke to the entrance of the building.
团队把轭搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable yoke at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的轭。

考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS

join 与 yoke 是跨语族同根

拉丁 jungere 与英语本族 yoke(轭)都来自 PIE *yeug-「套上轭」——「连接」的本义就是「套上轭、并驾」。这是本批少数确证的 L↔N 同源。

join / joint / junction 三式同根

join 借现在词干 jungere 古法形;joint 借分词 junctus 古法形;junction 借书面拉丁分词 junct-。三套拼写是入英路径不同的结果。

词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE

PIE *yeug-(to join, yoke)  ← 梵语 yunákti「他套轭」· 英语 yoke
│
├─ 拉丁 jungō · jungere · jūnxī · junctus(第三变位)
│  ├─ 古法现在形:join · joint
│  ├─ 书面分词 junct-:junction · conjunction · adjunct · injunction · juncture
│  └─ 复合:conjungere(conjunction)· adjungere(adjunct)
│
├─ 希腊 zeugnūmi(ζεῦγνυμι,套轭):zeal?否;zodiac 之 zeug- 借词
│
└─ 日耳曼(格林定律 *g→k):古英语 geoc → 现代 yoke「轭」

EVIDENCE & METHOD 证据与方法

判定 join/junct 同根,靠双词干+跨语族 yoke 互证。

形态证据

双词干

jung-/junct- 由 jungere 给出;join 与 junction 分别挂两枝。

音变证据

-ng- 脱落 / -ct- 腭化

古法 joindre/joint 显示口语音变;书面 junction 保留 junct-。

共时词族

6 词闭环

本页 6 词+yoke 由 *yeug- 生成。

三重证据法:拉丁 jungere 与日耳曼 yoke 守格林定律平行对应(拉丁 g-/日耳曼 k-),是 *yeug- 最硬的跨语族证据。

外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES

N · 日耳曼 yoke

yoke

古英语 geoc<PIE *yeug-「轭」;与 join 同源

G · 希腊 zeugnūmi

ζεῦγνυμι

「套轭、连接」;zeugma「轭式修饰」借自此

junctural

adj 连接的

一屏速记 · 45 词

conjunction/kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

名 连词;结合;同时发生;(天文)合

构con- / junct / -ion

例In the sentence, and is a conjunction

join/dʒɔɪn/

动 连接;加入;参加;汇合

构

例They joined the two pipes with glue

joint/dʒɔɪnt/

名 关节;形 接头;形 共同的;形 联合的

构

例His knee joint hurts after the long run

junction/ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

名 交汇点;枢纽;交叉口;连接

构junct / -ion

例The accident happened at a busy junction

adjunct/ˈædʒʌŋkt/

名 附属物;形 助手;形 附属的;形 附加的

构ad- / -junct

例The dictionary is a useful adjunct to the

injunction/ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

名 (法院的)禁令;指令;命令

构in- / junct / -ion

例The court issued an injunction to stop the

adjoin/əˈdʒɔɪn/

名 毗连;紧邻;与…相接

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The adjoin is widely used in this kind of work.

adjoining/əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

形 毗邻的;隔壁的

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be adjoining for everyone in the group.

conjoin/kənˈdʒɔɪn/

名 结合;联合;使连在一起

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The conjoin is widely used in this kind of work.

conjoined/kənˈdʒɔɪnd/

形 结合的;连体的;连在一起的

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be conjoined for everyone in the group.

disjoin/dɪsˈdʒɔɪn/

名 分开;使分离;拆开

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The disjoin is widely used in this kind of work.

disjoint/dɪsˈdʒɔɪnt/

名 使脱臼;使分离;(数学)不相交的

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The disjoint is widely used in this kind of work.

disjointed/dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

形 杂乱无章的;不连贯的;脱臼的

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be disjointed for everyone in the group.

enjoin/ɪnˈdʒɔɪn/

名 命令;嘱咐;(依法)禁止

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The enjoin is widely used in this kind of work.

joiner/ˈdʒɔɪnər/

名 细木工匠;接合者;参加者

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The joiner arrived at the office earlier than usual.

joinery/ˈdʒɔɪnəri/

名 细木工(活/行业);木作制品

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The joinery is widely used in this kind of work.

jointed/ˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

形 有关节的;有接缝的;分节的

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be jointed for everyone in the group.

jointly/ˈdʒɔɪntli/

副 共同地;联合地

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The team jointly finished the task before the deadline.

jointure/ˈdʒɔɪntʃər/

名 (丈夫生前设定、供遗孀的)寡妇财产;寡妇产

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The jointure arrived at the office earlier than usual.

junta/ˈdʒʌntə/

名 (政变后掌权的)军人集团;军政府;政治集团

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The junta arrived at the office earlier than usual.

junto/ˈdʒʌntoʊ/

名 秘密政治集团;派系;小圈子

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The junto is widely used in this kind of work.

rejoin/riˈdʒɔɪn/

名 重新加入;与…重聚;反驳;回答

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The rejoin is widely used in this kind of work.

rejoinder/rɪˈdʒɔɪndər/

名 反驳;回嘴;(法律)被告的再答辩

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The rejoinder is widely used in this kind of work.

subjoin/səbˈdʒɔɪn/

名 (在末尾)补充;追加;附加

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The subjoin is widely used in this kind of work.

adjunction/əˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

名 附加;添加;(数学)附益;(句法)附加关系

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The whole adjunction took several hours to complete.

adjunctive/əˈdʒʌŋktɪv/

形 附属的;附加的;辅助的

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be adjunctive for everyone in the group.

conjunct/kənˈdʒʌŋkt/

形 结合的;连接的;(音乐)级进的

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be conjunct for everyone in the group.

conjunctiva/ˌkɑːndʒʌŋkˈtaɪvə/

名 (眼)结膜

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The conjunctiva is widely used in this kind of work.

conjunctive/kənˈdʒʌŋktɪv/

形 连接的;联合的;连词的;连接词

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be conjunctive for everyone in the group.

conjunctivitis/kənˌdʒʌŋktɪˈvaɪtəs/

名 结膜炎(俗称红眼病)

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The conjunctivitis is widely used in this kind of work.

conjuncture/kənˈdʒʌŋktʃər/

名 (事态的)交汇;局势;紧要关头

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The conjuncture is widely used in this kind of work.

disjunct/dɪsˈdʒʌŋkt/

形 分离的;(音乐)跳进的;(逻辑)选言命题

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be disjunct for everyone in the group.

disjunction/dɪsˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

名 分离;分裂;(逻辑)析取;(生物)染色体不分离

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The whole disjunction took several hours to complete.

disjunctive/dɪsˈdʒʌŋktɪv/

形 转折的;分离的;转折连词;选言命题

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be disjunctive for everyone in the group.

disjuncture/dɪsˈdʒʌŋktʃər/

名 分离;脱节;断裂状态

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The disjuncture is widely used in this kind of work.

juncture/ˈdʒʌŋktʃər/

名 接合处;紧要关头;时刻

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The juncture is widely used in this kind of work.

subjunction/səbˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

名 追加;附加(的话/事物);增补

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The whole subjunction took several hours to complete.

subjunctive/səbˈdʒʌŋktɪv/

形 虚拟语气的;虚拟语气

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be subjunctive for everyone in the group.

conjoint/kənˈdʒɔɪnt/

形 联合的,关联的

源con + join + t

构con + join + t

例The new rule will be conjoint for everyone in the group.

conjugal/ˈkɑːndʒəɡl/

形 婚姻的,夫妻之间的

源con + jug + al

构con + jug + al

例The new rule will be conjugal for everyone in the group.

conjugate/ˈkɑːndʒəɡeɪt/

动 (使)结合,(使)配对;(语法)列举动词的词形变化adj.结合的,成对的n.结合物,成对物

源con + jug + ate

构con + jug + ate

例The manager decided to conjugate the problem before the meeting.

injunct/ɪnˈdʒʌŋkt/

动 下令禁止;发布针对…的禁令

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The manager decided to injunct the problem before the meeting.

injunctive/ɪnˈdʒʌŋktɪv/

形 命令的,禁令的

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be injunctive for everyone in the group.

jugular/ˈdʒʌɡjələ(r)/

形 颈部的,咽喉的n.颈静脉

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The new rule will be jugular for everyone in the group.

yoke/joʊk/

名 轭,牛轭,轭状物vt.给……装上轭,(强行)使联合

源join/junct

构join/junct

例The yoke is widely used in this kind of work.

跨语族导航 NAVIGATION

join/junct 在跨语族的同根字根。

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G 篇待补 · zeugnūmi
N 篇待补 · yoke