LATIN ROOT · L044 · 拉丁字根
join / junct连接 · 结合
PIE root *yeug- 「to join, yoke」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
同一个印欧「连接」根 *yeug-,与英语 yoke(轭)同源;拉丁 jungere 给现在词干 jung- 与分词词干 junct-。
*yeug- → Latin jungere「to join」;分词 junctus
jungō / junct-
join · joint · junction · conjunction · injunction(详见本页)
*yeug- → Greek zeugnūmi「to yoke」(ζεῦγνυμι)
zeug-G 篇待补
希腊 zeug-「轭、连接」;英语 zealous?否,借词见 outer
*yeug- → 古英语 geoc「yoke」(格林定律 *g→k)
yokeN 篇待补
英语本族 yoke「轭」与 join 同源
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
jungere 第三变位;英语 join 经古法借现在词干,junction 等借分词词干 junct-。
PRESENT 现在词干
jung-
jungō, jungere|第三变位
join(古法 joindre)· joint(古法 joint)
PERFECT 完成词干
jūnx-
jūnxī|-x- 完成(g+s→x)
拉丁完成时:jūnxī「我连接了」
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
junct-
junctum / junctus|完成分词 -t-
junction · conjunction · adjunct · injunction
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 jungere 到英语 join/junct-,四次关键的形态—语音调整。
①词干 -ng- 在古法脱落
拉丁 jungere 经古法语 joindre,词内 -ng- 弱化为 -ign-→join;分词 junctus→joint(-ct- 古法读 /tʃ/)。
②-ct- 在 joint 中腭化
分词 junctus→古法 joint,-ct- 在前元音前腭化,英语 joint /dʒɔɪnt/。
③书面借词保留 junct-
学术词 junction、conjunction 直接借拉丁分词 junct-,不软化,读 /ˈdʒʌŋkʃn/。
④-tiō→-tion
junctiō→conjunction;词尾 -um 脱落。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
jungere 是第三变位动词,完成时 jūnxī(-x- 型);英语双式:join/joint 经古法,junct- 为书面借词。
现在 1sg
jungō
我连接
现在不定式
jungere
to join
完成 1sg
jūnxī
我连接了
目的分词
junctum
被连接(分词词干)
现在时变位 · 第三变位(连接元音 -i-/-u-)
| 人称 | 主动 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | jungō | jung-ō |
| 2 sg | jungis | jung-is |
| 3 sg | jungit | jung-it |
| 1 pl | jungimus | jung-imus |
| 2 pl | jungitis | jung-itis |
| 3 pl | jungunt | jung-unt |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| join | jungere | joindre | 13 世纪 |
| joint | junctus | joint | 13 世纪 |
| junction | junctiōnem | — | 18 世纪 |
| conjunction | conjunctionem | conjunction | 14 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① 完成时 jūnxī 是 -x- 型(g+s 合音为 x);② join/joint 经古法口语化,junct- 为书面形;③ 同根本族词 yoke「轭」才是 *yeug- 的日耳曼继承。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
jungere 核心是「连接、套上轭」,由物理连接到语法连词、法院禁令多线引申。
→
→
→
→
→
一起 / 连到一起 → 结合;语法指「连接词与词的词」即连词。 / 连接 / 名词
14世纪,源自古法语 conjunction,来自拉丁语 coniunctionem(主格 coniunctio)「连接、结合」,coniungere 的动作名词。
名 连词;结合;同时发生;(天文)合
▪ In the sentence, and is a conjunction.
在这个句子里,and 是一个连词。
▪ The event worked best in conjunction with the fair.
这项活动与集市配合时效果最佳。
▪ A conjunction of factors caused the delay.
多种因素共同导致了延误。
▪ The astronomers watched the conjunction of the two planets.
天文学家观测到两颗行星的合。
拉丁现在干 iung- / 通俗拉丁 *jungere → 古法 joindre → 英语 join(连接、加入)
13世纪,源自古法语 joindre「连接、结合、汇合」,来自拉丁语 iungere「连接、结合、套轭」(第三变位 iungo·iungere·iunxi·iunctum)。
动 连接;加入;参加;汇合
▪ They joined the two pipes with glue.
他们用胶水把两根管子接了起来。
▪ She decided to join the hiking club.
她决定加入徒步俱乐部。
▪ The two rivers join just below the bridge.
两条河就在桥下汇合。
▪ She asked if we would join them for dinner.
她问我们是否愿意和他们一起吃晚饭。
拉丁分词干 iunct- / 古法 joint(被连接的地方)→ 关节、接头;形容词义「共同的」
13世纪,源自古法语 joint「连接、关节」,是 joindre(join)的过去分词,来自拉丁语 iunctus(iungere 的过去分词 iunctum)。
名 关节 形 接头 形 共同的 形 联合的
▪ His knee joint hurts after the long run.
长跑后他的膝关节疼。
▪ They opened a joint bank account.
他们开了一个联名银行账户。
▪ The two companies made a joint bid.
两家公司联合竞标。
▪ The pipe joint began to leak.
管子的接头开始漏水。
连接,iunctus / 连接之处 → 交汇点、枢纽。 / 名词,动作/处所
18世纪,源自拉丁语 iunctionem(主格 iunctio)「连接、接合」,iungere 的动作名词;英语最初也作 juncture,后分化。
名 交汇点;枢纽;交叉口;连接
▪ The accident happened at a busy junction.
事故发生在一个繁忙的交叉口。
▪ The railway junction connects three lines.
这个铁路枢纽连接三条线路。
▪ Turn left at the next junction.
在下一个路口左转。
▪ The junction of the two rivers forms a lake.
两条河的交汇处形成了一个湖。
向、到 / 连到主体上的(人/物)→ 附属。 / 连接,iunctus 分词
16世纪30年代,源自拉丁语 adiunctus「连到…上的、附加的」,是 adiungere(ad-「向」+iungere)的过去分词。
名 附属物 形 助手 形 附属的 形 附加的
▪ The dictionary is a useful adjunct to the course.
这本词典是这门课程有用的辅助材料。
▪ She worked as an adjunct professor.
她担任兼职教授。
▪ The tool is an adjunct to the main system.
这个工具是主系统的附加组件。
▪ They hired him as an adjunct to the sales team.
他们聘他作销售团队的助手。
on,加到…身上 / 把(义务/约束)接到身上 → 命令、禁令。 / 连接 / 名词
15世纪初,源自晚期拉丁语 iniunctionem「命令」,是 iniungere「加诸、使承担」(in-「on,于上」+iungere「连接」)的动作名词。
名 (法院的)禁令;指令;命令
▪ The court issued an injunction to stop the sale.
法院发出禁令,叫停了这笔出售。
▪ The company sought an injunction against the rival.
公司请求法院对竞争对手发出禁令。
▪ He ignored the injunction and spoke to the press.
他无视禁令,向媒体发了言。
▪ The workers defied the court injunction.
工人们违抗了法院的禁令。
毗连;紧邻;与…相接
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 毗连;紧邻;与…相接
▪ The adjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
毗连在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the adjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把毗连放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the adjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把毗连搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable adjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的毗连。
毗邻的;隔壁的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 毗邻的;隔壁的
▪ The new rule will be adjoining for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是毗邻的。
▪ They considered the plan adjoining after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是毗邻的。
▪ The manager gave a adjoining answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个毗邻的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be adjoining before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是毗邻的的。
结合;联合;使连在一起
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 结合;联合;使连在一起
▪ The conjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
结合在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the conjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把结合放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the conjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把结合搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable conjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的结合。
结合的;连体的;连在一起的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 结合的;连体的;连在一起的
▪ The new rule will be conjoined for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是结合的。
▪ They considered the plan conjoined after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是结合的。
▪ The manager gave a conjoined answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个结合的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be conjoined before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是结合的的。
分开;使分离;拆开
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 分开;使分离;拆开
▪ The disjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
分开在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the disjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把分开放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the disjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把分开搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable disjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的分开。
使脱臼;使分离;(数学)不相交的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 使脱臼;使分离;(数学)不相交的
▪ The disjoint is widely used in this kind of work.
使脱臼在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the disjoint in a safe place after use.
用后请把使脱臼放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the disjoint to the entrance of the building.
团队把使脱臼搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable disjoint at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的使脱臼。
杂乱无章的;不连贯的;脱臼的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 杂乱无章的;不连贯的;脱臼的
▪ The new rule will be disjointed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是杂乱无章的。
▪ They considered the plan disjointed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是杂乱无章的。
▪ The manager gave a disjointed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个杂乱无章的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be disjointed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是杂乱无章的的。
命令;嘱咐;(依法)禁止
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 命令;嘱咐;(依法)禁止
▪ The enjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
命令在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the enjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把命令放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the enjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把命令搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable enjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的命令。
细木工匠;接合者;参加者
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 细木工匠;接合者;参加者
▪ The joiner arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位细木工匠比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained joiner knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的细木工匠知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced joiner for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的细木工匠。
▪ The joiner answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,细木工匠回答了记者的提问。
细木工(活/行业);木作制品
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 细木工(活/行业);木作制品
▪ The joinery is widely used in this kind of work.
细木工在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the joinery in a safe place after use.
用后请把细木工放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the joinery to the entrance of the building.
团队把细木工搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable joinery at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的细木工。
有关节的;有接缝的;分节的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 有关节的;有接缝的;分节的
▪ The new rule will be jointed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是有关节的。
▪ They considered the plan jointed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是有关节的。
▪ The manager gave a jointed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个有关节的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be jointed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是有关节的的。
共同地;联合地
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
副 共同地;联合地
▪ The team jointly finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前共同地完成了任务。
▪ She jointly checked the results and then signed the form.
她共同地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were jointly changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被共同地修改了。
▪ He spoke jointly so that everyone could understand.
他共同地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
(丈夫生前设定、供遗孀的)寡妇财产;寡妇产
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 (丈夫生前设定、供遗孀的)寡妇财产;寡妇产
▪ The jointure arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位寡妇财产比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained jointure knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的寡妇财产知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced jointure for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的寡妇财产。
▪ The jointure answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,寡妇财产回答了记者的提问。
(政变后掌权的)军人集团;军政府;政治集团
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 (政变后掌权的)军人集团;军政府;政治集团
▪ The junta arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位军人集团比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained junta knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的军人集团知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced junta for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的军人集团。
▪ The junta answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,军人集团回答了记者的提问。
秘密政治集团;派系;小圈子
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 秘密政治集团;派系;小圈子
▪ The junto is widely used in this kind of work.
秘密政治集团在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the junto in a safe place after use.
用后请把秘密政治集团放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the junto to the entrance of the building.
团队把秘密政治集团搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable junto at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的秘密政治集团。
重新加入;与…重聚;反驳;回答
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 重新加入;与…重聚;反驳;回答
▪ The rejoin is widely used in this kind of work.
重新加入在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the rejoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把重新加入放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the rejoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把重新加入搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable rejoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的重新加入。
反驳;回嘴;(法律)被告的再答辩
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 反驳;回嘴;(法律)被告的再答辩
▪ The rejoinder is widely used in this kind of work.
反驳在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the rejoinder in a safe place after use.
用后请把反驳放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the rejoinder to the entrance of the building.
团队把反驳搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable rejoinder at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的反驳。
(在末尾)补充;追加;附加
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 (在末尾)补充;追加;附加
▪ The subjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
补充在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the subjoin in a safe place after use.
用后请把补充放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the subjoin to the entrance of the building.
团队把补充搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable subjoin at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的补充。
附加;添加;(数学)附益;(句法)附加关系
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 附加;添加;(数学)附益;(句法)附加关系
▪ The whole adjunction took several hours to complete.
整个附加过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper adjunction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的附加至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of adjunction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了附加的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the adjunction.
经理就附加写了一份清晰的报告。
附属的;附加的;辅助的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 附属的;附加的;辅助的
▪ The new rule will be adjunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是附属的。
▪ They considered the plan adjunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是附属的。
▪ The manager gave a adjunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个附属的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be adjunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是附属的的。
结合的;连接的;(音乐)级进的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 结合的;连接的;(音乐)级进的
▪ The new rule will be conjunct for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是结合的。
▪ They considered the plan conjunct after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是结合的。
▪ The manager gave a conjunct answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个结合的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be conjunct before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是结合的的。
(眼)结膜
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 (眼)结膜
▪ The conjunctiva is widely used in this kind of work.
结膜在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the conjunctiva in a safe place after use.
用后请把结膜放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the conjunctiva to the entrance of the building.
团队把结膜搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable conjunctiva at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的结膜。
连接的;联合的;连词的;连接词
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 连接的;联合的;连词的;连接词
▪ The new rule will be conjunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是连接的。
▪ They considered the plan conjunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是连接的。
▪ The manager gave a conjunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个连接的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be conjunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是连接的的。
结膜炎(俗称红眼病)
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 结膜炎(俗称红眼病)
▪ The conjunctivitis is widely used in this kind of work.
结膜炎在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the conjunctivitis in a safe place after use.
用后请把结膜炎放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the conjunctivitis to the entrance of the building.
团队把结膜炎搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable conjunctivitis at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的结膜炎。
(事态的)交汇;局势;紧要关头
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 (事态的)交汇;局势;紧要关头
▪ The conjuncture is widely used in this kind of work.
交汇在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the conjuncture in a safe place after use.
用后请把交汇放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the conjuncture to the entrance of the building.
团队把交汇搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable conjuncture at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的交汇。
分离的;(音乐)跳进的;(逻辑)选言命题
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 分离的;(音乐)跳进的;(逻辑)选言命题
▪ The new rule will be disjunct for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是分离的。
▪ They considered the plan disjunct after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是分离的。
▪ The manager gave a disjunct answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个分离的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be disjunct before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是分离的的。
分离;分裂;(逻辑)析取;(生物)染色体不分离
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 分离;分裂;(逻辑)析取;(生物)染色体不分离
▪ The whole disjunction took several hours to complete.
整个分离过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper disjunction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的分离至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of disjunction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了分离的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the disjunction.
经理就分离写了一份清晰的报告。
转折的;分离的;转折连词;选言命题
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 转折的;分离的;转折连词;选言命题
▪ The new rule will be disjunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是转折的。
▪ They considered the plan disjunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是转折的。
▪ The manager gave a disjunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个转折的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be disjunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是转折的的。
分离;脱节;断裂状态
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 分离;脱节;断裂状态
▪ The disjuncture is widely used in this kind of work.
分离在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the disjuncture in a safe place after use.
用后请把分离放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the disjuncture to the entrance of the building.
团队把分离搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable disjuncture at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的分离。
接合处;紧要关头;时刻
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 接合处;紧要关头;时刻
▪ The juncture is widely used in this kind of work.
接合处在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the juncture in a safe place after use.
用后请把接合处放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the juncture to the entrance of the building.
团队把接合处搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable juncture at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的接合处。
追加;附加(的话/事物);增补
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 追加;附加(的话/事物);增补
▪ The whole subjunction took several hours to complete.
整个追加过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper subjunction is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的追加至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of subjunction with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了追加的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the subjunction.
经理就追加写了一份清晰的报告。
虚拟语气的;虚拟语气
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 虚拟语气的;虚拟语气
▪ The new rule will be subjunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是虚拟语气的。
▪ They considered the plan subjunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是虚拟语气的。
▪ The manager gave a subjunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个虚拟语气的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be subjunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是虚拟语气的的。
join
t
联合的,关联的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:con + join + t
形 联合的,关联的
▪ The new rule will be conjoint for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是联合的。
▪ They considered the plan conjoint after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是联合的。
▪ The manager gave a conjoint answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个联合的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be conjoint before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是联合的的。
jug
al
婚姻的,夫妻之间的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:con + jug + al
形 婚姻的,夫妻之间的
▪ The new rule will be conjugal for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是婚姻的。
▪ They considered the plan conjugal after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是婚姻的。
▪ The manager gave a conjugal answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个婚姻的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be conjugal before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是婚姻的的。
jug
ate
(使)结合,(使)配对;(语法)列举动词的词形变化adj.结合的,成对的n.结合物,成对物
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:con + jug + ate
动 (使)结合,(使)配对;(语法)列举动词的词形变化adj.结合的,成对的n.结合物,成对物
▪ The manager decided to conjugate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前结合这个问题。
▪ She will conjugate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去结合这项任务。
▪ They need to conjugate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要结合这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to conjugate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就结合了计划。
下令禁止;发布针对…的禁令
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
动 下令禁止;发布针对…的禁令
▪ The manager decided to injunct the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前下令禁止这个问题。
▪ She will injunct the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去下令禁止这项任务。
▪ They need to injunct the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要下令禁止这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to injunct the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就下令禁止了计划。
命令的,禁令的
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 命令的,禁令的
▪ The new rule will be injunctive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是命令的。
▪ They considered the plan injunctive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是命令的。
▪ The manager gave a injunctive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个命令的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be injunctive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是命令的的。
颈部的,咽喉的n.颈静脉
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
形 颈部的,咽喉的n.颈静脉
▪ The new rule will be jugular for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是颈部的。
▪ They considered the plan jugular after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是颈部的。
▪ The manager gave a jugular answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个颈部的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be jugular before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是颈部的的。
轭,牛轭,轭状物vt.给……装上轭,(强行)使联合
拉丁词根 join/junct 派生:join/junct
名 轭,牛轭,轭状物vt.给……装上轭,(强行)使联合
▪ The yoke is widely used in this kind of work.
轭在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the yoke in a safe place after use.
用后请把轭放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the yoke to the entrance of the building.
团队把轭搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable yoke at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的轭。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
join 与 yoke 是跨语族同根
拉丁 jungere 与英语本族 yoke(轭)都来自 PIE *yeug-「套上轭」——「连接」的本义就是「套上轭、并驾」。这是本批少数确证的 L↔N 同源。
join / joint / junction 三式同根
join 借现在词干 jungere 古法形;joint 借分词 junctus 古法形;junction 借书面拉丁分词 junct-。三套拼写是入英路径不同的结果。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *yeug-(to join, yoke) ← 梵语 yunákti「他套轭」· 英语 yoke
│
├─ 拉丁 jungō · jungere · jūnxī · junctus(第三变位)
│ ├─ 古法现在形:join · joint
│ ├─ 书面分词 junct-:junction · conjunction · adjunct · injunction · juncture
│ └─ 复合:conjungere(conjunction)· adjungere(adjunct)
│
├─ 希腊 zeugnūmi(ζεῦγνυμι,套轭):zeal?否;zodiac 之 zeug- 借词
│
└─ 日耳曼(格林定律 *g→k):古英语 geoc → 现代 yoke「轭」
EVIDENCE & METHOD 证据与方法
判定 join/junct 同根,靠双词干+跨语族 yoke 互证。
双词干
jung-/junct- 由 jungere 给出;join 与 junction 分别挂两枝。
-ng- 脱落 / -ct- 腭化
古法 joindre/joint 显示口语音变;书面 junction 保留 junct-。
6 词闭环
本页 6 词+yoke 由 *yeug- 生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
N · 日耳曼 yoke
yoke
古英语 geoc<PIE *yeug-「轭」;与 join 同源
G · 希腊 zeugnūmi
ζεῦγνυμι
「套轭、连接」;zeugma「轭式修饰」借自此
junctural
adj 连接的
一屏速记 · 45 词
名 连词;结合;同时发生;(天文)合
构con- / junct / -ion
例In the sentence, and is a conjunction
动 连接;加入;参加;汇合
构
例They joined the two pipes with glue
名 关节;形 接头;形 共同的;形 联合的
构
例His knee joint hurts after the long run
名 交汇点;枢纽;交叉口;连接
构junct / -ion
例The accident happened at a busy junction
名 附属物;形 助手;形 附属的;形 附加的
构ad- / -junct
例The dictionary is a useful adjunct to the
名 (法院的)禁令;指令;命令
构in- / junct / -ion
例The court issued an injunction to stop the
名 毗连;紧邻;与…相接
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The adjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
形 毗邻的;隔壁的
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be adjoining for everyone in the group.
名 结合;联合;使连在一起
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The conjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
形 结合的;连体的;连在一起的
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be conjoined for everyone in the group.
名 分开;使分离;拆开
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The disjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
名 使脱臼;使分离;(数学)不相交的
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The disjoint is widely used in this kind of work.
形 杂乱无章的;不连贯的;脱臼的
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be disjointed for everyone in the group.
名 命令;嘱咐;(依法)禁止
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The enjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
名 细木工匠;接合者;参加者
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The joiner arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 细木工(活/行业);木作制品
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The joinery is widely used in this kind of work.
形 有关节的;有接缝的;分节的
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be jointed for everyone in the group.
副 共同地;联合地
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The team jointly finished the task before the deadline.
名 (丈夫生前设定、供遗孀的)寡妇财产;寡妇产
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The jointure arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 (政变后掌权的)军人集团;军政府;政治集团
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The junta arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 秘密政治集团;派系;小圈子
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The junto is widely used in this kind of work.
名 重新加入;与…重聚;反驳;回答
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The rejoin is widely used in this kind of work.
名 反驳;回嘴;(法律)被告的再答辩
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The rejoinder is widely used in this kind of work.
名 (在末尾)补充;追加;附加
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The subjoin is widely used in this kind of work.
名 附加;添加;(数学)附益;(句法)附加关系
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The whole adjunction took several hours to complete.
形 附属的;附加的;辅助的
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be adjunctive for everyone in the group.
形 结合的;连接的;(音乐)级进的
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be conjunct for everyone in the group.
名 (眼)结膜
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The conjunctiva is widely used in this kind of work.
形 连接的;联合的;连词的;连接词
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be conjunctive for everyone in the group.
名 结膜炎(俗称红眼病)
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The conjunctivitis is widely used in this kind of work.
名 (事态的)交汇;局势;紧要关头
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The conjuncture is widely used in this kind of work.
形 分离的;(音乐)跳进的;(逻辑)选言命题
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be disjunct for everyone in the group.
名 分离;分裂;(逻辑)析取;(生物)染色体不分离
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The whole disjunction took several hours to complete.
形 转折的;分离的;转折连词;选言命题
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be disjunctive for everyone in the group.
名 分离;脱节;断裂状态
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The disjuncture is widely used in this kind of work.
名 接合处;紧要关头;时刻
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The juncture is widely used in this kind of work.
名 追加;附加(的话/事物);增补
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The whole subjunction took several hours to complete.
形 虚拟语气的;虚拟语气
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be subjunctive for everyone in the group.
形 联合的,关联的
源con + join + t
构con + join + t
例The new rule will be conjoint for everyone in the group.
形 婚姻的,夫妻之间的
源con + jug + al
构con + jug + al
例The new rule will be conjugal for everyone in the group.
动 (使)结合,(使)配对;(语法)列举动词的词形变化adj.结合的,成对的n.结合物,成对物
源con + jug + ate
构con + jug + ate
例The manager decided to conjugate the problem before the meeting.
动 下令禁止;发布针对…的禁令
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The manager decided to injunct the problem before the meeting.
形 命令的,禁令的
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be injunctive for everyone in the group.
形 颈部的,咽喉的n.颈静脉
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The new rule will be jugular for everyone in the group.
名 轭,牛轭,轭状物vt.给……装上轭,(强行)使联合
源join/junct
构join/junct
例The yoke is widely used in this kind of work.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
join/junct 在跨语族的同根字根。
G 篇待补 · zeugnūmi
N 篇待补 · yoke

