LATIN ROOT · L071 · 拉丁字根
nounce / nunci报告 · 宣告
PIE root 不明(nūntius 来源无定论)
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
拉丁 nūntiāre「报告、宣布」第一变位;英语 announce/pronounce 挂词干 nūnt-。
不明 → Latin nūntius「messenger」;nūntiāre「to announce」
nūntiō / nūnt-
announce · pronounce · denounce · enunciate(详见本页)
与希腊无可靠同形
—G 篇待补
希腊「报告」另作
日耳曼无 nūntiāre 继承
—N 篇待补
英语本族「说」用 say
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
nūntiāre 第一变位;英语词全挂词干 nūnt-。
PRESENT 现在词干
nūnt-
nūntiō, nūntiāre|第一变位
announce(ad-)· pronounce(prō-)· denounce
PERFECT 完成词干
nūntiāv-
nūntiāvī|-v- 完成
拉丁完成:nūntiāvī
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
nūntiāt-
nūntiātum / nūntiātus|-t-
announcement · pronunciation · enunciate
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 nūntiāre 到英语 -nounce,四次关键的形态—语音调整。
①-ntiāre→-nce
拉丁 nūntiāre→古法 anoncier→announce;-ti- 弱化为 -nc-。
②prō-+nūntiāre→pronounce
pronūntiāre→古法 prononcer→pronounce「公开说」→发音。
③-tiō→-tion
nūntiātiō→announcement(-ment);pronuntiātiō→pronunciation。
④ē-+nūntiāre→enunciate
ē-+nūntiāre→enunciāre「说出来」→清晰发音。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
nūntiāre 第一变位;announce 经古法 anoncier。
现在 1sg
nūntiō
我报告
现在不定式
nūntiāre
to announce
完成 1sg
nūntiāvī
我报告了
目的分词
nūntiātum
被报告(词干 nūntiāt-)
现在时变位 · 第一变位(-ā-)
| 人称 | 主动 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | nūntiō | nūnti-ā-ō |
| 2 sg | nūntiās | nūnti-ā-s |
| 3 sg | nūntiat | nūnti-a-t |
| 1 pl | nūntiāmus | nūnti-ā-mus |
| 2 pl | nūntiātis | nūnti-ā-tis |
| 3 pl | nūntiant | nūnti-a-nt |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| announce | annūntiāre | anoncier | 15 世纪 |
| pronounce | pronūntiāre | prononcer | 14 世纪 |
| denounce | dēnūntiāre | denoncier | 16 世纪 |
| enunciate | enūntiāre | — | 16 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① announce = ad-「向」+nūntiāre「报告」;② pronounce = prō-「公开」+nūntiāre→发音;③ enunciate = ē-「出」+nūntiāre「说清楚」。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
nūntiāre 核心是「报告、宣布」,由「宣布」到「发音」到「谴责」多线引申。
→
→
→
→
→
→
ad-向 / 向众报告 → 宣布。 / 宣告
an-(ad-「向」,n 前同化)+拉丁 nuntiare(报告、宣告,出 nuntius 信使);「向(众人)报告」→宣布、公布(announce the result 公布结果、announce a decision 宣布决定)。
动 宣布,宣告,公布;声称
▪ They announced the winners on TV.
他们在电视上宣布了获胜者。
▪ She announced her engagement.
她宣布了订婚的消息。
▪ The loudspeaker announced the arrival.
广播通报了到达信息。
▪ He announced that he would retire.
他宣布自己将退休。
向 / 宣布(之事)→ 公告。 / 宣告
announce(宣布)+-ment(名词);→公告、通告、声明(a public announcement 公告、make an announcement 发表声明、flight announcements 航班广播)。
名 公告,通告,声明;宣布
▪ The announcement surprised everyone.
这则声明让所有人吃惊。
▪ They made an official announcement.
他们发布了正式公告。
▪ The wedding announcement ran in the paper.
报纸上登了婚礼启事。
▪ Wait for the announcement of the result.
等待结果公布。
当众/正式 / 当众指控 → 谴责。 / 宣告
de-(向下、完全,古罗马正式「当众、正式」之意)+nuntiare(宣告);拉丁 dēnuntiare「正式警告、当众指控」→谴责、痛斥(denounce the attack 谴责袭击)、检举(denounce him to the p
动 谴责,痛斥;检举,告发;宣布废止
▪ Critics denounced the new law.
评论家们谴责了这项新法律。
▪ She denounced his lies publicly.
她公开痛斥他的谎言。
▪ The government denounced the treaty.
政府宣布废止该条约。
▪ He denounced the traitor to the court.
他向法庭检举了那个叛徒。
公开 / 公开说出 → 发音;宣判。 / 宣告
pro-(向前、公开)+nuntiare(宣告);拉丁 prōnuntiare「公开宣告、宣读」→两义:①发音(pronounce a word correctly 正确读词);②正式宣布、宣判(pronounce sentence 宣判、
动 发…的音;正式宣布,宣判;断言
▪ She pronounces English clearly.
她英语发音清晰。
▪ The judge pronounced the sentence.
法官宣读了判决。
▪ He pronounced himself pleased.
他断言自己很满意。
▪ She asked him to pronounce the word clearly.
她请他把这个词的音发清楚。
公开 / 公开读出(之法)→ 发音。 / 宣告
拉丁 prōnuntiātiō「公开宣读、发音」,prōnuntiare(pronounce)+-tiō,经古法 pronunciacion;→发音、读音(correct pronunciation 正确发音、the pronunciati
名 发音,读音;发音方式
▪ Her pronunciation is excellent.
她的发音非常标准。
▪ The dictionary gives the pronunciation.
词典标注了读音。
▪ He worked on his pronunciation.
他苦练发音。
▪ Regional pronunciation varies.
各地发音方式不同。
出 / 清楚说出 → 清晰发音;阐明。 / 宣告
e-/ex-(出)+nuntiare(宣告)+-ate;「把话说出来、说清楚」→①清晰地发音、吐字(enunciate your words clearly 吐字清晰);②阐明、表述(enunciate a principle 阐明一项原则
动 清晰地发音,吐字清楚;确切地阐明(理论)
▪ She enunciates every word carefully.
她每个字都吐字清楚。
▪ The speaker failed to enunciate.
演讲者吐字不清。
▪ He enunciated a new theory.
他阐明了一套新理论。
▪ Please enunciate the main point.
请把要点讲清楚。
播音员,节目主持人;宣告者
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 播音员,节目主持人;宣告者
▪ The announcer arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位播音员比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained announcer knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的播音员知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced announcer for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的播音员。
▪ The announcer answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,播音员回答了记者的提问。
谴责,痛斥;告发,指控
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 谴责,痛斥;告发,指控
▪ The whole denunciation took several hours to complete.
整个谴责过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper denunciation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的谴责至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of denunciation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了谴责的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the denunciation.
经理就谴责写了一份清晰的报告。
发错(词的)音,读错音
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 发错(词的)音,读错音
▪ The mispronounce is widely used in this kind of work.
发错音在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the mispronounce in a safe place after use.
用后请把发错音放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the mispronounce to the entrance of the building.
团队把发错音搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable mispronounce at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的发错音。
可发音的,读得出的
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
形 可发音的,读得出的
▪ The new rule will be pronounceable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可发音的。
▪ They considered the plan pronounceable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可发音的。
▪ The manager gave a pronounceable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可发音的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be pronounceable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可发音的的。
明显的,显著的;明确的
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
形 明显的,显著的;明确的
▪ The new rule will be pronounced for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是明显的。
▪ They considered the plan pronounced after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是明显的。
▪ The manager gave a pronounced answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个明显的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be pronounced before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是明显的的。
(正式的)声明,公告,宣告
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 (正式的)声明,公告,宣告
▪ The whole pronouncement took several hours to complete.
整个声明过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper pronouncement is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的声明至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of pronouncement with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了声明的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the pronouncement.
经理就声明写了一份清晰的报告。
声明放弃,抛弃;宣布与…断绝关系
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 声明放弃,抛弃;宣布与…断绝关系
▪ The renounce is widely used in this kind of work.
声明放弃在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the renounce in a safe place after use.
用后请把声明放弃放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the renounce to the entrance of the building.
团队把声明放弃搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable renounce at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的声明放弃。
声明放弃,弃绝;拒绝承认;断绝
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 声明放弃,弃绝;拒绝承认;断绝
▪ The whole renunciation took several hours to complete.
整个声明放弃过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper renunciation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的声明放弃至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of renunciation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了声明放弃的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the renunciation.
经理就声明放弃写了一份清晰的报告。
未事先通知的(地),突然的(地)
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
形 未事先通知的(地),突然的(地)
▪ The new rule will be unannounced for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是未事先通知的。
▪ They considered the plan unannounced after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是未事先通知的。
▪ The manager gave a unannounced answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个未事先通知的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unannounced before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是未事先通知的的。
宣告,宣布;(the Annunciation)天使报喜,圣母领报(节)
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 宣告,宣布;(the Annunciation)天使报喜,圣母领报(节)
▪ The whole annunciation took several hours to complete.
整个宣告过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper annunciation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的宣告至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of annunciation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了宣告的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the annunciation.
经理就宣告写了一份清晰的报告。
清晰的发音,吐字;(理论的)阐明,表述
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 清晰的发音,吐字;(理论的)阐明,表述
▪ The whole enunciation took several hours to complete.
整个清晰的发音过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper enunciation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的清晰的发音至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of enunciation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了清晰的发音的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the enunciation.
经理就清晰的发音写了一份清晰的报告。
发音错误,读错音
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 发音错误,读错音
▪ The whole mispronunciation took several hours to complete.
整个发音错误过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper mispronunciation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的发音错误至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of mispronunciation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了发音错误的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the mispronunciation.
经理就发音错误写了一份清晰的报告。
罗马教廷大使,教皇使节(驻某国的教廷代表)
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:nounce/nunci
名 罗马教廷大使,教皇使节(驻某国的教廷代表)
▪ The nuncio is widely used in this kind of work.
罗马教廷大使在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the nuncio in a safe place after use.
用后请把罗马教廷大使放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the nuncio to the entrance of the building.
团队把罗马教廷大使搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable nuncio at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的罗马教廷大使。
ator
信号器,信号指示灯
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:annunci + ator
名 信号器,信号指示灯
▪ The annunciator is widely used in this kind of work.
信号器在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the annunciator in a safe place after use.
用后请把信号器放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the annunciator to the entrance of the building.
团队把信号器搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable annunciator at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的信号器。
ment
谴责,公开抨击,告发
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:denounce + ment
名 谴责,公开抨击,告发
▪ The denouncement is widely used in this kind of work.
谴责在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the denouncement in a safe place after use.
用后请把谴责放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the denouncement to the entrance of the building.
团队把谴责搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable denouncement at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的谴责。
ate
谴责,公开抨击
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:denunci + ate
动 谴责,公开抨击
▪ The manager decided to denunciate the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前谴责这个问题。
▪ She will denunciate the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去谴责这项任务。
▪ They need to denunciate the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要谴责这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to denunciate the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就谴责了计划。
ory
谴责的,告发的
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:denunciat + ory
形 谴责的,告发的
▪ The new rule will be denunciatory for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是谴责的。
▪ They considered the plan denunciatory after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是谴责的。
▪ The manager gave a denunciatory answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个谴责的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be denunciatory before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是谴责的的。
nounc
清晰地念;清楚地表明,阐明
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:e + nounc
动 清晰地念;清楚地表明,阐明
▪ The manager decided to enounce the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前清晰地念这个问题。
▪ She will enounce the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去清晰地念这项任务。
▪ They need to enounce the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要清晰地念这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to enounce the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就清晰地念了计划。
ive
清晰发音的,阐明的
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:enunciat + ive
形 清晰发音的,阐明的
▪ The new rule will be enunciative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是清晰发音的。
▪ They considered the plan enunciative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是清晰发音的。
▪ The manager gave a enunciative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个清晰发音的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be enunciative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是清晰发音的的。
ative
摈弃的,决裂的
拉丁词根 nounce/nunci 派生:renunci + ative
形 摈弃的,决裂的
▪ The new rule will be renunciative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是摈弃的。
▪ They considered the plan renunciative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是摈弃的。
▪ The manager gave a renunciative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个摈弃的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be renunciative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是摈弃的的。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
存疑nūntius 的 PIE 来源不明
nūntius「报告人」的更早词源无定论。本页标「PIE 不明」,不硬挂跨语族。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
拉丁 nūntius(messenger;PIE 不明)
│
└─ nūntiāre(报告)
│ ├─ ad-:announce · announcement
│ ├─ prō-:pronounce · pronunciation
│ ├─ dē-:denounce
│ └→ ē-:enunciate
│
├─ 希腊:无可靠同形
│
└─ 日耳曼:本族「说」作 say
EVIDENCE & METHOD 证据与方法
判定 nounce 同根,靠动词 nūntiāre 派生网。
nūnt- 词干
nūntiāre 四主形;announce/pronounce 同挂。
-ti-→-nc-
nūntiāre→announce;-tiō→-tion。
6 词闭环
本页 6 词由 nūnti-+前缀生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
L · 拉丁 nūntius
nūntiī
「报告人」;nuncio「教廷大使」
L · 拉丁 pronuntiāre
pronuntiāre
「公开宣布」;pronunciation
一屏速记 · 26 词
动 宣布,宣告,公布;声称
构an- / nuntiare
例They announced the winners on TV
名 公告,通告,声明;宣布
构an- / nounce / -ment
例The announcement surprised everyone
动 谴责,痛斥;检举,告发;宣布废止
构de- / nounce
例Critics denounced the new law
动 发…的音;正式宣布,宣判;断言
构pro- / nounce
例She pronounces English clearly
名 发音,读音;发音方式
构pro- / nunci / -ation
例Her pronunciation is excellent
动 清晰地发音,吐字清楚;确切地阐明(理论)
构e- / nunci / -ate
例She enunciates every word carefully
名 播音员,节目主持人;宣告者
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The announcer arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 谴责,痛斥;告发,指控
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The whole denunciation took several hours to complete.
名 发错(词的)音,读错音
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The mispronounce is widely used in this kind of work.
形 可发音的,读得出的
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The new rule will be pronounceable for everyone in the group.
形 明显的,显著的;明确的
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The new rule will be pronounced for everyone in the group.
名 (正式的)声明,公告,宣告
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The whole pronouncement took several hours to complete.
名 声明放弃,抛弃;宣布与…断绝关系
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The renounce is widely used in this kind of work.
名 声明放弃,弃绝;拒绝承认;断绝
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The whole renunciation took several hours to complete.
形 未事先通知的(地),突然的(地)
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The new rule will be unannounced for everyone in the group.
名 宣告,宣布;(the Annunciation)天使报喜,圣母领报(节)
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The whole annunciation took several hours to complete.
名 清晰的发音,吐字;(理论的)阐明,表述
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The whole enunciation took several hours to complete.
名 发音错误,读错音
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The whole mispronunciation took several hours to complete.
名 罗马教廷大使,教皇使节(驻某国的教廷代表)
源nounce/nunci
构nounce/nunci
例The nuncio is widely used in this kind of work.
名 信号器,信号指示灯
源annunci + ator
构annunci + ator
例The annunciator is widely used in this kind of work.
名 谴责,公开抨击,告发
源denounce + ment
构denounce + ment
例The denouncement is widely used in this kind of work.
动 谴责,公开抨击
源denunci + ate
构denunci + ate
例The manager decided to denunciate the problem before the meeting.
形 谴责的,告发的
源denunciat + ory
构denunciat + ory
例The new rule will be denunciatory for everyone in the group.
动 清晰地念;清楚地表明,阐明
源e + nounc
构e + nounc
例The manager decided to enounce the problem before the meeting.
形 清晰发音的,阐明的
源enunciat + ive
构enunciat + ive
例The new rule will be enunciative for everyone in the group.
形 摈弃的,决裂的
源renunci + ative
构renunci + ative
例The new rule will be renunciative for everyone in the group.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
nounce/nunci 在跨语族的同根字根。
G 篇待补 · 无可靠同形
N 篇待补 · 日耳曼另作 say

