LATIN ROOT · L092 · 拉丁字根
pon / pos放置 · 摆放
PIE root *apo- + sinere「to put, place」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
同一「放置」根,拉丁 pōnere 的完成 posuī、分词 positus 词干大变;英语借词几乎全用分词词干 posit-/pos-。
pōnere「to put」(ex *po-+sinere),完成 posuī,分词 positus
pōnere / posit-
compose · oppose · position · deposit · expose · propose(详见本页)
无同形希腊借词
—
position 走拉丁;希腊「放置」另属 tithenai
日耳曼无此根本族词
—
英语本族 put 来源不明;set 另属 *sed-
positus 经古法 poser「放」,入英作 pose;composition、position 取 posit-。
词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB
pōnere 是第三变位动词,三词干词形差异大;英语借词几乎全用分词词干 posit-。
PRESENT 现在词干
pōn-
pōnō / pōnere|第三变位
postpone(古法 post-+poser)· component(oppōnere 系)
PERFECT 完成词干
posu-
posuī|完成词干 posu-(特殊)
拉丁完成:posuī「我放了」(现代英语不直接借)
PARTICIPLE 分词词干
posit-
positum / positus|完成分词 -ītus
position · compose · oppose · deposit · expose
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 pōnere/positus 到现代英语各词,关键形态—语音调整。
①positus→pose
拉丁 positus 经古法 poser「放」,入英作 pose /poʊz/。
②-ītiō→-ition
拉丁 positiō→position /pəˈzɪʃn/;composition。
③-ere 脱落/复合
复合词 -pōnere 在英语弱化为 -pos-:compose /kəmˈpoʊz/、oppose /əˈpoʊz/。
④post-+pōnere
postpōnere「后置」经古法poser,缩作 postpone /poʊstˈpoʊn/。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
pōnō 是第三变位动词;分词 positus 是英语借入点;复合词 com-/ob-/de-/ex-/pro-/sup-。
现在 1sg
pōnō
我放
现在不定式
pōnere
to put
完成 1sg
posuī
我放了(特殊 posu-)
目的分词
positum
分词词干 posit-
现在时变位 · 第三变位(连接元音 -e-/-i-/-u-)
| 人称 | 主动 | 词结构 | 义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 sg | pōnō | pōn-ō | 我放 |
| 2 sg | pōnis | pōn-is | 你放 |
| 3 sg | pōnit | pōn-it | 他放 |
| 1 pl | pōnimus | pōn-imus | 我们放 |
| 3 pl | pōnunt | pōn-unt | 他们放 |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| compose | componere/compostus | poser | 15 世纪 |
| position | positiō | position | 14 世纪 |
| oppose | oppōnere | opposer | 14 世纪 |
| expose | exponere | exposer | 15 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① 完成 posuī 词干 posu- 特殊,英语不借;② 英语借词几乎全取分词 posit-;③ propose/suppose=pro-/sub-+pōnere「提出/放下」。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
pōnere 核心是「放置」,向「放到一起」「对立放」「放下」引申。
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一起;pōnere 放
拉丁 compōnere(放在一起)的现在分词 component-「被放到一起者」。
名 组成部分、零部件、成分;adj. 组成的、构成的
▪ Each component of the machine is tested.
这台机器的每个零件都经过测试。
▪ Trust is a key component of friendship.
信任是友谊的重要组成部分。
▪ The component parts arrived separately.
各个组成零件分批运到。
▪ The computer needs a new memory component.
这台电脑需要一个新的存储部件。
一起;poser 放
古法语 composer「放在一起、组合」=com-(一起)+poser(放)。
动 组成、构成;作曲;作诗;使平静
衍
composite adj 合成的,复合的;n. 合成物 composition n 构成,作文,作曲,作品 compost n 堆肥,混合肥料;v. 堆制
▪ Twelve members compose the committee.
委员会由十二名成员组成。
▪ She composed a song for the wedding.
她为婚礼创作了一首歌。
▪ He composed himself before the speech.
演讲前他让自己镇定下来。
▪ The team is composed of volunteers.
这支队伍由志愿者组成。
人
compose(作曲)+-er(施事者)。
名 作曲家、创作者
▪ The composer finished his ninth symphony.
这位作曲家完成了他的第九交响曲。
▪ She works as a film composer.
她是一名电影作曲家。
▪ The composer visited the orchestra.
这位创作者拜访了管弦乐团。
▪ Young composers presented their works.
年轻作曲家们展示了自己的作品。
向下;放
拉丁 dēpōnere(放下)的分词 dēpositus>中世纪拉丁 depositum「寄存物」。
动 放下、存放;使沉积;n. 存款、押金、沉积物
衍
depot n 仓库,库房,车站,车库
▪ She deposited her bag at the desk.
她把包存放在服务台。
▪ Ten percent deposit is required.
需支付百分之十的押金。
▪ The river deposits mud at its mouth.
河流在入海口沉积泥沙。
▪ He made a deposit into his account.
他往账户里存了一笔钱。
分开、各处;放
古法语 disposer<拉丁 dispōnere「分开放置、安排」=dis-(分开)+pōnere。
动 排列、布置;处理(of);使倾向于
衍
disposition n 性情,性格,布置,倾向
▪ Please dispose of the trash properly.
请妥善处理垃圾。
▪ The cars were disposed of at auction.
这些汽车在拍卖中被处理掉。
▪ Good manners dispose people to trust you.
良好的举止使人愿意信任你。
▪ She disposed the chairs around the table.
她把椅子围绕桌子摆放好。
向外;放
古法语 exposer<拉丁 expōnere「放出来、陈列」=ex-(向外)+pōnere。
动 暴露、显露;揭露;使接触、使遭受
衍
exposition n 阐述,解说,博览会,展览会
▪ The report exposed the factory lies.
报告揭露了工厂的谎言。
▪ Do not expose the film to light.
请勿让胶片曝光。
▪ The trip exposed students to new ideas.
这次旅行让学生接触到新思想。
▪ His scars were exposed by the short sleeve.
短袖露出了他的伤疤。
in- 于…之上;放
古法语 imposer<拉丁 impōnere「放在上面、加于」=in-(于上)+pōnere。
动 强加于;征收(税);欺骗;打扰
衍
imposition n 强加,征收,不合理负担,欺骗
▪ The government imposed a new tax.
政府征收了一项新税。
▪ Do not impose your views on others.
不要把自己的观点强加于人。
▪ She imposed on us by staying late.
她待到很晚,给我们添了麻烦。
▪ The court imposed a heavy fine.
法院处以重罚。
ob- 在 p 前同化为 op-,对着;放
古法语 opposer<拉丁 oppōnere「放在对面、相对」=ob-(对着)+pōnere。
动 反对、对抗;使相对
衍
opponent n 对手,反对者;adj. 对立的 opposite adj 对面的,相反的;n. 对立面 opposition n 反对,对抗,反对党,对立
▪ Many residents oppose the new highway.
许多居民反对新建高速公路。
▪ He opposed the plan in public.
他公开反对这项计划。
▪ Two forces oppose each other.
两股力量相互对抗。
▪ She opposed the chair across the table.
她把椅子对着桌子摆放。
放;名词后缀
拉丁 positiō(放置、位置)<positus(pōnere 分词)+-iō。
名 位置;职位;立场;v. 安放、定位
衍
posit 动 假定,假设,安置 posture n 姿势,体态,态度;v. 故作姿态
▪ The hotel has a position near the beach.
这家酒店位于海滩附近。
▪ She applied for a senior position.
她申请了一个高级职位。
▪ He took a clear position on the issue.
他在这个问题上立场明确。
▪ They positioned the camera by the window.
他们把相机安放在窗边。
后;pōnere 放
拉丁 postpōnere「放在后面」=post-(在后)+pōnere(放)。
动 推迟、延期
▪ They postponed the picnic due to rain.
因下雨他们推迟了野餐。
▪ The game was postponed until Sunday.
比赛延期到周日。
▪ Do not postpone hard decisions.
不要拖延艰难的决定。
▪ The meeting has been postponed twice.
会议已两次延期。
向前;放
古法语 proposer<拉丁 propōnere「放到前面、提出」=pro-(向前)+pōnere。
动 提议、建议;打算;求婚
衍
proponent n 支持者,倡导者,提议者 proposition n 命题,主张,提议,商业方案
▪ She proposed a new schedule.
她提议了一项新日程。
▪ He proposed to her under the stars.
他在星空下向她求婚。
▪ We propose to leave at dawn.
我们打算黎明出发。
▪ The scientist proposed a bold theory.
这位科学家提出了一个大胆的理论。
pro- 向前,古法语 por-;放
古法语 porpos「意图」<propositum<拉丁 propōnere「放到前面」的中性分词。
名 目的、意图;用途;v. 有意、打算
▪ The main purpose of the meeting is clear.
会议的主要目的很清楚。
▪ This tool serves a special purpose.
这个工具有特殊用途。
▪ She spoke on purpose to provoke him.
她故意说话来激怒他。
▪ He set out with a strong sense of purpose.
他带着强烈的目标感出发。
sub- 在 p 前同化,在下;放
古法语 supposer<拉丁 suppōnere「放在下面、作为前提」=sub-(在下)+pōnere。
动 假设、假定;认为、料想;应该(be supposed to)
衍
supposition n 假设,推测,无根据的看法
▪ suppose it rains, we will stay inside.
假如下雨,我们就待在室内。
▪ I suppose she will be late again.
我料想她又会迟到。
▪ You are supposed to finish by five.
你应该在五点前完成。
▪ Let us suppose the story is true.
我们姑且假定这个故事是真的。
一起
compose(使平静)+-ed(分词形容词)。
形 镇定的、沉着的
▪ She remained composed under pressure.
她在压力下保持镇定。
▪ The team is composed of experts.
这支队伍由专家组成。
▪ He gave a composed and calm reply.
他沉着冷静地做了答复。
▪ The book is composed of three parts.
这本书由三部分组成。
一起;positus 放
拉丁 compositus(compōnere「放在一起」的过去分词)=com-+pōnere。
形 合成的 名 复合材料、合成物
▪ The aircraft uses a composite material.
这架飞机使用复合材料。
▪ The wall is a composite of stone and brick.
这堵墙是砖石混合砌成的。
▪ The picture is a composite of several photos.
这张画是由几张照片合成的。
▪ They tested the composite for strength.
他们测试了这种合成材料的强度。
名词后缀
拉丁 compositiō(放在一起、组合)<compositus+-iō。
名 构成、成分;作文;作曲;作品
▪ The chemical composition of the soil was tested.
土壤的化学成分经过了检测。
▪ She wrote a short composition on spring.
她写了一篇关于春天的短文。
▪ The pianist played a modern composition.
钢琴家演奏了一首现代作品。
▪ The class studied the composition of the team.
全班研究了队伍的构成。
一起;<-pōnere 放
古法语 compondre<拉丁 compōnere「放在一起」=com-+pōnere;-pōnere 在古法语磨损为 -pound。
名 化合物、复合的 形 /kəmˈpaʊnd/ v. 使复合、加重
▪ Water is a chemical compound.
水是一种化合物。
▪ A compound word contains two parts.
复合词包含两个部分。
▪ The kitchen fire compounded the damage.
厨房失火加重了损失。
▪ They lived inside a walled compound.
他们住在有围墙的院落里。
dis- 反向、解除;一起
法语 décomposer=dé-(dis- 分离、解除)+composer(组合)。
动 分解;腐烂、腐败
衍
decomposition n 分解,腐烂,腐败
▪ Leaves decompose into rich soil.
树叶腐烂成肥沃的土壤。
▪ Bacteria decompose the dead matter.
细菌分解死亡物质。
▪ The body began to decompose in the heat.
尸体在高温下开始腐烂。
▪ Chemists decompose the compound by heating.
化学家通过加热分解这种化合物。
下;放
古法语 deposer「放下、免职」=de-(向下)+poser(放)。
动 罢免、废黜;(法律)宣誓作证
▪ The army deposed the ruler.
军队废黜了统治者。
▪ The witness was deposed before the trial.
证人在审判前宣誓作证。
▪ The king was deposed without bloodshed.
国王在未流血的情况下被废黜。
▪ He deposed that he had seen nothing.
他作证说自己什么也没看见。
<-positum 放
法语 dépôt<拉丁 depositum(dēpōnere 放下/寄存之物)。
名 仓库、库房;(车)站、 depot
▪ The supplies were stored in the depot.
物资存放在仓库里。
▪ We met at the bus depot.
我们在公共汽车总站碰面。
▪ The army depot guarded the weapons.
军火库守卫着武器。
▪ The old train depot became a museum.
旧车站变成了博物馆。
可被…的
dispose(处理掉)+-able(可…的)。
形 一次性的、用后即弃的;可支配的
▪ The clinic uses disposable gloves.
诊所使用一次性手套。
▪ Families have more disposable income now.
如今家庭有更多可支配收入。
▪ disposable cups create much waste.
一次性杯子造成大量垃圾。
▪ She bought a disposable camera for the trip.
她为旅行买了一台一次性相机。
分开;动作名词
dispose(处理、布置)+-al(名词后缀)。
名 处理、处置;支配;丢弃
▪ The safe disposal of waste is required.
必须安全处理废弃物。
▪ The car is at your disposal for the day.
这辆车今天供你使用。
▪ They discussed the disposal of old files.
他们讨论了旧文件的处理。
▪ The disposal of nuclear waste is difficult.
核废料的处置十分困难。
分开
拉丁 dispositiō(分开放置、安排)<dispōnere 分词 dispositus+-iō。
名 性情、性格;布置、安排;倾向
▪ She has a cheerful disposition.
她性情开朗。
▪ The disposition of furniture took all morning.
布置家具花了一上午。
▪ He showed a disposition to argue.
他表现出爱争论的倾向。
▪ The court ordered the disposition of the estate.
法院下令处置这笔遗产。
外;pōnere 放
拉丁 expōnere(放出、阐述)的现在分词 exponent-「摆出来说明者」。
名 倡导者、代表人物;指数;阐述者
▪ She became an exponent of clean energy.
她成了清洁能源的倡导者。
▪ In 2 to the power 3, the exponent is 3.
在 2 的 3 次方中,指数是 3。
▪ He is the leading exponent of the style.
他是这种风格的主要代表人物。
▪ The exponent explained the theory clearly.
这位阐述者清晰地讲解了理论。
外
expose(暴露)+-ed(分词形容词)。
形 暴露的、无遮蔽的;易受攻击的
▪ The exposed wires were dangerous.
裸露的电线很危险。
▪ The village lay exposed on the hill.
村子毫无遮蔽地坐落在山上。
▪ The soldiers were exposed to enemy fire.
士兵们暴露在敌军火力之下。
▪ The exposed rock face showed layers of stone.
裸露的岩壁露出一层层岩石。
堆肥、混合肥料;v. 堆制肥料
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 堆肥、混合肥料;v. 堆制肥料
▪ The compost is widely used in this kind of work.
堆肥在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the compost in a safe place after use.
用后请把堆肥放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the compost to the entrance of the building.
团队把堆肥搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable compost at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的堆肥。
镇定、沉着、平静
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 镇定、沉着、平静
▪ The composure is widely used in this kind of work.
镇定在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the composure in a safe place after use.
用后请把镇定放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the composure to the entrance of the building.
团队把镇定搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable composure at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的镇定。
摆姿势;提出(问题);造成;n. 姿势、装腔
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 摆姿势;提出(问题);造成;n. 姿势、装腔
▪ The pose is widely used in this kind of work.
摆姿势在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the pose in a safe place after use.
用后请把摆姿势放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the pose to the entrance of the building.
团队把摆姿势搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable pose at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的摆姿势。
姿势、体态;态度;v. 故作姿态
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 姿势、体态;态度;v. 故作姿态
▪ The posture is widely used in this kind of work.
姿势在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the posture in a safe place after use.
用后请把姿势放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the posture to the entrance of the building.
团队把姿势搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable posture at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的姿势。
指数的、指数级增长的;迅猛的
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
形 指数的、指数级增长的;迅猛的
▪ The new rule will be exponential for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是指数的。
▪ They considered the plan exponential after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是指数的。
▪ The manager gave a exponential answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个指数的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be exponential before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是指数的的。
暴露、显露;揭露;曝光;接触
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 暴露、显露;揭露;曝光;接触
▪ The exposure is widely used in this kind of work.
暴露在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the exposure in a safe place after use.
用后请把暴露放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the exposure to the entrance of the building.
团队把暴露搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable exposure at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的暴露。
冒名顶替者、骗子
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 冒名顶替者、骗子
▪ The impostor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位冒名顶替者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained impostor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的冒名顶替者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced impostor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的冒名顶替者。
▪ The impostor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,冒名顶替者回答了记者的提问。
对面的、相反的;在…对面
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
形 对面的、相反的;在…对面
▪ The new rule will be opposite for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是对面的。
▪ They considered the plan opposite after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是对面的。
▪ The manager gave a opposite answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个对面的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be opposite before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是对面的的。
并置、并列(以作对照)
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 并置、并列(以作对照)
▪ The whole juxtaposition took several hours to complete.
整个并置过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper juxtaposition is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的并置至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of juxtaposition with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了并置的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the juxtaposition.
经理就并置写了一份清晰的报告。
反对、对抗;反对党;对立
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 反对、对抗;反对党;对立
▪ The whole opposition took several hours to complete.
整个反对过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper opposition is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的反对至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of opposition with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了反对的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the opposition.
经理就反对写了一份清晰的报告。
肯定的、积极的;明确的;阳性的、正的
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
形 肯定的、积极的;明确的;阳性的、正的
▪ The new rule will be positive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是肯定的。
▪ They considered the plan positive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是肯定的。
▪ The manager gave a positive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个肯定的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be positive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是肯定的的。
提议、建议;提案;求婚
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 提议、建议;提案;求婚
▪ The proposal is widely used in this kind of work.
提议在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the proposal in a safe place after use.
用后请把提议放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the proposal to the entrance of the building.
团队把提议搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable proposal at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的提议。
命题、主张;提议;(商业)方案;v. 提出
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 命题、主张;提议;(商业)方案;v. 提出
▪ The whole proposition took several hours to complete.
整个命题过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper proposition is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的命题至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of proposition with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了命题的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the proposition.
经理就命题写了一份清晰的报告。
休息、安息;安放、躺卧
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 休息、安息;安放、躺卧
▪ The repose is widely used in this kind of work.
休息在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the repose in a safe place after use.
用后请把休息放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the repose to the entrance of the building.
团队把休息搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable repose at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的休息。
仓库、储藏室;宝库、知识库
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 仓库、储藏室;宝库、知识库
▪ The repository is widely used in this kind of work.
仓库在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the repository in a safe place after use.
用后请把仓库放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the repository to the entrance of the building.
团队把仓库搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable repository at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的仓库。
所谓的、据称的;被认为的
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
形 所谓的、据称的;被认为的
▪ The new rule will be supposed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是所谓的。
▪ They considered the plan supposed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是所谓的。
▪ The manager gave a supposed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个所谓的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be supposed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是所谓的的。
调换位置、换位;(数)转置;(乐)移调
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 调换位置、换位;(数)转置;(乐)移调
▪ The transpose is widely used in this kind of work.
调换位置在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the transpose in a safe place after use.
用后请把调换位置放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the transpose to the entrance of the building.
团队把调换位置搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable transpose at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的调换位置。
ponere放
并列;并置
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:juxta近 + ponere放
名 并列;并置
▪ The juxtapose is widely used in this kind of work.
并列在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the juxtapose in a safe place after use.
用后请把并列放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the juxtapose to the entrance of the building.
团队把并列搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable juxtapose at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的并列。
pos
e
把…放在附近,使并列
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:ap + pos + e
动 把…放在附近,使并列
▪ The manager decided to appose the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前把…放在附近这个问题。
▪ She will appose the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去把…放在附近这项任务。
▪ They need to appose the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要把…放在附近这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to appose the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就把…放在附近了计划。
pos
ite
适当的,贴切的
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:ap + pos + ite
形 适当的,贴切的
▪ The new rule will be apposite for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是适当的。
▪ They considered the plan apposite after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是适当的。
▪ The manager gave a apposite answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个适当的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be apposite before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是适当的的。
pos
ition
并置,并列,紧贴;(语法)同位关系
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:ap + pos + ition
名 并置,并列,紧贴;(语法)同位关系
▪ The apposition is widely used in this kind of work.
并置在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the apposition in a safe place after use.
用后请把并置放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the apposition to the entrance of the building.
团队把并置搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable apposition at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的并置。
pos
itive
并列的,同位的n.同位语
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:ap + pos + itive
形 并列的,同位的n.同位语
▪ The new rule will be appositive for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是并列的。
▪ They considered the plan appositive after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是并列的。
▪ The manager gave a appositive answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个并列的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be appositive before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是并列的的。
propos
适合的,相配的adv.恰好,恰当地,顺便prep.关于
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:a + propos
形 适合的,相配的adv.恰好,恰当地,顺便prep.关于
▪ The new rule will be apropos for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是适合的。
▪ They considered the plan apropos after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是适合的。
▪ The manager gave a apropos answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个适合的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be apropos before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是适合的的。
posit
ion
罢免,废黜;宣誓作证;沉积
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:de + posit + ion
名 罢免,废黜;宣誓作证;沉积
▪ The deposition is widely used in this kind of work.
罢免在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the deposition in a safe place after use.
用后请把罢免放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the deposition to the entrance of the building.
团队把罢免搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable deposition at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的罢免。
or
存款人
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:deposit + or
名 存款人
▪ The depositor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位存款人比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained depositor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的存款人知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced depositor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的存款人。
▪ The depositor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,存款人回答了记者的提问。
ory
存放处,仓库,贮藏室
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:deposit + ory
名 存放处,仓库,贮藏室
▪ The depository is widely used in this kind of work.
存放处在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the depository in a safe place after use.
用后请把存放处放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the depository to the entrance of the building.
团队把存放处搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable depository at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的存放处。
compose
使不安,使心烦意乱
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:dis + compose
动 使不安,使心烦意乱
▪ The manager decided to discompose the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使不安这个问题。
▪ She will discompose the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使不安这项任务。
▪ They need to discompose the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使不安这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to discompose the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使不安了计划。
composure
不安,心烦意乱
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:dis + composure
名 不安,心烦意乱
▪ The discomposure is widely used in this kind of work.
不安在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the discomposure in a safe place after use.
用后请把不安放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the discomposure to the entrance of the building.
团队把不安搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable discomposure at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的不安。
愿意的,有倾向的
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
形 愿意的,有倾向的
▪ The new rule will be disposed for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是愿意的。
▪ They considered the plan disposed after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是愿意的。
▪ The manager gave a disposed answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个愿意的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be disposed before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是愿意的的。
or
阐述者,说明者,解释者
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:exposit + or
名 阐述者,说明者,解释者
▪ The expositor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位阐述者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained expositor knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的阐述者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced expositor for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的阐述者。
▪ The expositor answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,阐述者回答了记者的提问。
ory
阐述的,说明的,解释的
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:exposit + ory
形 阐述的,说明的,解释的
▪ The new rule will be expository for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是阐述的。
▪ They considered the plan expository after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是阐述的。
▪ The manager gave a expository answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个阐述的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be expository before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是阐述的的。
poun
d
阐述,说明,解释
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:ex + poun + d
动 阐述,说明,解释
▪ The manager decided to expound the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前阐述这个问题。
▪ She will expound the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去阐述这项任务。
▪ They need to expound the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要阐述这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to expound the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就阐述了计划。
把…放在中间,插入vi.介入,干预
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
动 把…放在中间,插入vi.介入,干预
▪ The manager decided to interpose the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前把…放在中间这个问题。
▪ She will interpose the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去把…放在中间这项任务。
▪ They need to interpose the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要把…放在中间这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to interpose the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就把…放在中间了计划。
ition
插入,介入,干预
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:interpos + ition
名 插入,介入,干预
▪ The interposition is widely used in this kind of work.
插入在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the interposition in a safe place after use.
用后请把插入放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the interposition to the entrance of the building.
团队把插入搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable interposition at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的插入。
使倾向于,使预先有意向;使易患…的,使易受…影响
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
动 使倾向于,使预先有意向;使易患…的,使易受…影响
▪ The manager decided to predispose the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前使倾向于这个问题。
▪ She will predispose the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去使倾向于这项任务。
▪ They need to predispose the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要使倾向于这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to predispose the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就使倾向于了计划。
把…放到前面,把…前置
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
动 把…放到前面,把…前置
▪ The manager decided to prepose the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前把…放到前面这个问题。
▪ She will prepose the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去把…放到前面这项任务。
▪ They need to prepose the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要把…放到前面这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to prepose the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就把…放到前面了计划。
介词;前置词
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 介词;前置词
▪ The preposition is widely used in this kind of work.
介词在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the preposition in a safe place after use.
用后请把介词放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the preposition to the entrance of the building.
团队把介词搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable preposition at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的介词。
提出(观点)供考虑
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
动 提出(观点)供考虑
▪ The manager decided to propound the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前提出供考虑这个问题。
▪ She will propound the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去提出供考虑这项任务。
▪ They need to propound the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要提出供考虑这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to propound the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就提出供考虑了计划。
posit
存放,存储,贮存
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:re + posit
动 存放,存储,贮存
▪ The manager decided to reposit the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前存放这个问题。
▪ She will reposit the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去存放这项任务。
▪ They need to reposit the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要存放这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to reposit the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就存放了计划。
专题讨论会;座谈会;专题论文集;酒宴;酒会
拉丁词根 pon/pos 派生:pon/pos
名 专题讨论会;座谈会;专题论文集;酒宴;酒会
▪ The symposium is widely used in this kind of work.
专题讨论会在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the symposium in a safe place after use.
用后请把专题讨论会放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the symposium to the entrance of the building.
团队把专题讨论会搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable symposium at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的专题讨论会。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
pōnere 三词干词形大变
现在 pōn-、完成 posuī、分词 positus 差异极大;英语借词几乎全取分词 posit-,现在词干 pōn- 只在 postpone 等古法缩约词里残留。
注意:pose 与 posit- 同根
pose「摆姿势」来自古法 poser(<拉丁 positus),与 position/compose 的 posit- 同根;不是另一个词。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *apo- + sinere(to put)
│
└─ 拉丁 pōnō · pōnere · posuī · positus(第三变位)
├─ posit-(分词):position · compose · oppose · deposit · expose · propose · suppose · postpone
└─ pōn-(古法缩约):postpone · component
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 pon-/pos- 同族,三词干异形变是关键。
pōn-/posu-/posit-
三词干同出 pōnere;英语取 posit-。
positus→pose/-ion
经古法 poser,一致。
闭环
本页词皆由 posit-+com-/ob-/de-/ex-/pro- 生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
L · 拉丁 pōnere(放)
posit-/pos-
position · compose · oppose · deposit · expose · propose
G · 希腊 tithenai(放,远亲)
the-
希腊「放」另属 *dhē-,与 pōnere 不同根,仅语义平行
一屏速记 · 65 词
名组成部分、零部件、成分;adj. 组成的、构成的
构com-+-pon-+-ent
例each component of the machine is tested
动组成、构成;作曲;作诗;使平静
构com-+-pose
例twelve members compose the committee
名作曲家、创作者
构com-+-pos-+-er
例the composer finished his ninth symphony
动放下、存放;使沉积;n. 存款、押金、沉积物
构de-+-posit-
例she deposited her bag at the desk
动排列、布置;处理(of);使倾向于
构dis-+-pose
例please dispose of the trash properly
动暴露、显露;揭露;使接触、使遭受
构ex-+-pose
例the report exposed the factory lies
动强加于;征收(税);欺骗;打扰
构im-+-pose
例the government imposed a new tax
动反对、对抗;使相对
构op-+-pose
例many residents oppose the new highway
名位置;职位;立场;v. 安放、定位
构posit-+-ion
例the hotel has a position near the beach
动推迟、延期
构post-+-pon-+-e。
例they postponed the picnic due to rain
动提议、建议;打算;求婚
构pro-+-pose
例she proposed a new schedule
名目的、意图;用途;v. 有意、打算
构pur-+-pose
例the main purpose of the meeting is clear
动假设、假定;认为、料想;应该(be supposed to)
构sup-+-pose
例suppose it rains, we will stay inside
形镇定的、沉着的
构com-+-pos-+-ed。
例she remained composed under pressure
形合成的;名复合材料、合成物
构com-+-posit-+-e。
例the aircraft uses a composite material
名构成、成分;作文;作曲;作品
构com-+-posit-+-ion
例the chemical composition of the soil was tested
名化合物、复合的;形/kəmˈpaʊnd/ v. 使复合、加重
构com-+-pound
例water is a chemical compound
动分解;腐烂、腐败
构de-+com-+-pose
例leaves decompose into rich soil
动罢免、废黜;(法律)宣誓作证
构de-+-pose
例the army deposed the ruler
名仓库、库房;(车)站、 depot
构dépôt=de-+-pôt
例the supplies were stored in the depot
形一次性的、用后即弃的;可支配的
构dis-+-pos-+-able
例the clinic uses disposable gloves
名处理、处置;支配;丢弃
构dis-+-pos-+-al
例the safe disposal of waste is required
名性情、性格;布置、安排;倾向
构dis-+-posit-+-ion。
例she has a cheerful disposition
名倡导者、代表人物;指数;阐述者
构ex-+-pon-+-ent
例she became an exponent of clean energy
形暴露的、无遮蔽的;易受攻击的
构ex-+-pos-+-ed。
例the exposed wires were dangerous
名 堆肥、混合肥料;v. 堆制肥料
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The compost is widely used in this kind of work.
名 镇定、沉着、平静
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The composure is widely used in this kind of work.
名 摆姿势;提出(问题);造成;n. 姿势、装腔
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The pose is widely used in this kind of work.
名 姿势、体态;态度;v. 故作姿态
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The posture is widely used in this kind of work.
形 指数的、指数级增长的;迅猛的
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The new rule will be exponential for everyone in the group.
名 暴露、显露;揭露;曝光;接触
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The exposure is widely used in this kind of work.
名 冒名顶替者、骗子
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The impostor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 对面的、相反的;在…对面
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The new rule will be opposite for everyone in the group.
名 并置、并列(以作对照)
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The whole juxtaposition took several hours to complete.
名 反对、对抗;反对党;对立
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The whole opposition took several hours to complete.
形 肯定的、积极的;明确的;阳性的、正的
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The new rule will be positive for everyone in the group.
名 提议、建议;提案;求婚
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The proposal is widely used in this kind of work.
名 命题、主张;提议;(商业)方案;v. 提出
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The whole proposition took several hours to complete.
名 休息、安息;安放、躺卧
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The repose is widely used in this kind of work.
名 仓库、储藏室;宝库、知识库
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The repository is widely used in this kind of work.
形 所谓的、据称的;被认为的
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The new rule will be supposed for everyone in the group.
名 调换位置、换位;(数)转置;(乐)移调
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The transpose is widely used in this kind of work.
名 并列;并置
源juxta近 + ponere放
构juxta近 + ponere放
例The juxtapose is widely used in this kind of work.
动 把…放在附近,使并列
源ap + pos + e
构ap + pos + e
例The manager decided to appose the problem before the meeting.
形 适当的,贴切的
源ap + pos + ite
构ap + pos + ite
例The new rule will be apposite for everyone in the group.
名 并置,并列,紧贴;(语法)同位关系
源ap + pos + ition
构ap + pos + ition
例The apposition is widely used in this kind of work.
形 并列的,同位的n.同位语
源ap + pos + itive
构ap + pos + itive
例The new rule will be appositive for everyone in the group.
形 适合的,相配的adv.恰好,恰当地,顺便prep.关于
源a + propos
构a + propos
例The new rule will be apropos for everyone in the group.
名 罢免,废黜;宣誓作证;沉积
源de + posit + ion
构de + posit + ion
例The deposition is widely used in this kind of work.
名 存款人
源deposit + or
构deposit + or
例The depositor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
名 存放处,仓库,贮藏室
源deposit + ory
构deposit + ory
例The depository is widely used in this kind of work.
动 使不安,使心烦意乱
源dis + compose
构dis + compose
例The manager decided to discompose the problem before the meeting.
名 不安,心烦意乱
源dis + composure
构dis + composure
例The discomposure is widely used in this kind of work.
形 愿意的,有倾向的
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The new rule will be disposed for everyone in the group.
名 阐述者,说明者,解释者
源exposit + or
构exposit + or
例The expositor arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 阐述的,说明的,解释的
源exposit + ory
构exposit + ory
例The new rule will be expository for everyone in the group.
动 阐述,说明,解释
源ex + poun + d
构ex + poun + d
例The manager decided to expound the problem before the meeting.
动 把…放在中间,插入vi.介入,干预
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The manager decided to interpose the problem before the meeting.
名 插入,介入,干预
源interpos + ition
构interpos + ition
例The interposition is widely used in this kind of work.
动 使倾向于,使预先有意向;使易患…的,使易受…影响
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The manager decided to predispose the problem before the meeting.
动 把…放到前面,把…前置
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The manager decided to prepose the problem before the meeting.
名 介词;前置词
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The preposition is widely used in this kind of work.
动 提出(观点)供考虑
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The manager decided to propound the problem before the meeting.
动 存放,存储,贮存
源re + posit
构re + posit
例The manager decided to reposit the problem before the meeting.
名 专题讨论会;座谈会;专题论文集;酒宴;酒会
源pon/pos
构pon/pos
例The symposium is widely used in this kind of work.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
pon/pos 为拉丁本族根,无已确认独立 G/N 页。
G 篇待补 · —
N 篇待补 · —

