LATIN ROOT · L095 · 拉丁字根
preci价格 · 价值 · 珍视
PIE root *per-「to sell, distribute」
同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES
pretium 是拉丁第二变格中性名词「价格、价值」;英语这一族在古法里发生音变给 price/prize/praise。
*per- → Latin pretium「price, value」(n, 第二变格)
pretium / preti-
precious · price · prize · praise · appreciate(详见本页)
无同形希腊借词
—
希腊「价格」另属
日耳曼无此根本族词
—
英语本族 worth 另属 *wert-
appreciāre=ad-+pretium「估价」→appreciate;depreciāre「贬值」。
词根的三格 NOUN · NOMINATIVE · GENITIVE · STEM
pretium 是第二变格中性名词,主格/属格给出词干 preti-。
NOMINATIVE 主格
pretium
中性名词「价格、价值」
pretium(罕直接借)
GENITIVE 属格
pretiī
属格去尾 -ī 得词干 preti-
preti-:precious · appreciate · depreciate
STEM 词干
preti-
第二变格(属格 -ī)· 中性 n
price/prize/praise(古法三形)
音变小注 SOUND CHANGES
从拉丁 pretium 到现代英语各词,关键形态—语音调整。
①pretium→price
拉丁 pretium 经古法 pris,入英作 price /praɪs/。
②pretium→prize
同根古法形 pris/pree,入英作 prize /praɪz/。
③pretium→praise
拉丁 pretiāre「评价」经古法 preisier,作 praise /preɪz/。
④pretiōsus→precious
拉丁 pretiōsus「贵重的」→precious /ˈpreʃəs/。
形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY
pretium, -i 是第二变格中性名词;动词 appreciāre「估价」派生出 appreciate。
主格
pretium
价格、价值
属格
pretiī
价值的
性
n 中性
第二变格
变格法
第二变格
词干 preti-
变格样例 · 第二变格中性(pretium, -i)
| 格 | 单数 | 复数 | 词结构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主格 Nom | pretium | pretia | preti-um |
| 属格 Gen | pretiī | pretiōrum | preti-ī |
| 与格 Dat | pretiō | pretiīs | preti-ō |
| 宾格 Acc | pretium | pretia | 中性主宾同形 |
| 夺格 Abl | pretiō | pretiīs | preti-ō |
入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语
| 英语词 | 拉丁 | 古法语 | 入英年代 |
|---|---|---|---|
| price | pretium | pris | 12 世纪 |
| prize | pretium | pris | 13 世纪 |
| praise | pretiāre | preisier | 13 世纪 |
| precious | pretiōsus | precios | 13 世纪 |
三个关键事实:① price/prize/praise 同根三形(pretium 经古法);② appreciate=ad-+pretium「估价→赏识」;③ depreciate=de-「降」+pretium「贬值」。
语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP
pretium 核心是「价格、价值」,向「珍视」「估价」「贬值」引申。
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ad- 去,p 前同化;价值
晚期拉丁 appretiare「估价、定值」=ad-(朝向、去)+pretium「价格、价值」+-āre;英语经 appreciate。
动 欣赏、赏识;感激;意识到、领会;增值、涨价
衍
appreciable adj 可察觉的,可观的 appreciably adv 明显地,可察觉地 appreciation n 欣赏;感激;理解;增值 inappreciable adj 微不足道的,难以察觉的 unappreciated adj 未被赏识的,无人领情的
▪ I appreciate your help greatly.
我非常感激你的帮助。
▪ She appreciates good music.
她懂得欣赏好音乐。
▪ You do not appreciate how hard she worked.
你没有意识到她有多努力。
▪ The house has appreciated in value.
这栋房子增值了。
价值;动作名词
appreciate(估价/赏识)+-ion(-tiō 动作/结果名词)。
名 欣赏、赏识;感激;理解、评价;增值
▪ She showed her appreciation with a gift.
她以一份礼物表达感激。
▪ He has a deep appreciation of art.
他对艺术有深刻的鉴赏力。
▪ The appreciation of the dollar helped buyers.
美元升值对买家有利。
▪ The crowd showed its appreciation with cheers.
观众以欢呼表达赞赏。
preisier<pretium 价值
古法语 preisier「看重、赞扬、定价」<晚期拉丁 pretiāre「定值、看重」<pretium「价值」。
动 赞扬、表扬、赞美
衍
dispraise v 贬损,指责,说坏话 overpraise v 过度赞扬,吹捧 praiseworthily adv 值得称赞地,可嘉地 praiseworthiness n 值得称赞,可嘉 praiseworthy adj 值得称赞的,可嘉的
▪ The teacher praised the students.
老师表扬了学生们。
▪ She received high praise for the design.
她的设计受到高度赞扬。
▪ Critics praised the honesty of the film.
评论家称赞这部影片的真诚。
▪ The song is a praise of love.
这首歌是对爱的赞美。
pretium 价值;-ōsus 充满…的
古法语 precios<拉丁 pretiōsus「值钱的、贵重的」<pretium「价格、价值」+-ōsus(-ous 充满…的)。
形 珍贵的、宝贵的;珍爱的;(口)十足的
衍
preciosity n 过分雕琢,矫饰 semiprecious adj 半宝石的,次贵重的
▪ Time is precious when you travel.
旅行时时间十分宝贵。
▪ She kept the precious ring of her mother.
她保存着母亲珍爱的戒指。
▪ The crown holds many precious stones.
王冠上嵌着许多宝石。
▪ He made a precious fool of himself.
他出尽了洋相。
pris<pretium 价值
古法语 pris「价格、价值、报酬」<拉丁 pretium「价格、价值」(中古英语后按拉丁/法语拼回 -ce)。
名 价格、价钱;代价;v. 给…定价
衍
overprice v 定价过高,索价过高 overpriced adj 定价过高的,太贵的 underprice v 定价过低,压价 pricey adj 昂贵的,价钱高的
▪ The price of bread rose again.
面包的价格又涨了。
▪ Victory came at a high price.
胜利付出了高昂的代价。
▪ They priced the new phone competitively.
他们给新手机定了有竞争力的价格。
▪ The price on the tag was wrong.
标签上的价钱标错了。
价格;without 无
price(价格)+-less(-lēas 无…的)。
形 无价的、极珍贵的;(口)极可笑的
▪ The museum holds priceless paintings.
博物馆藏有无价的名画。
▪ Her advice proved priceless.
她的建议被证明极为宝贵。
▪ The old photograph is priceless to the family.
这张老照片对这个家庭无比珍贵。
▪ His reaction was absolutely priceless.
他的反应简直笑死人。
pris<pretium 价值;奖赏
中古英语 pris/prize「价值、奖赏」,本与 price 同词(<pretium),后分化出「奖赏」义并加 -z 拼写。
名 奖品、奖金;值得争取之物;adj. 获奖的、一流的;v. 珍视
衍
prizefight n 职业拳击赛,奖金拳赛 prizefighter n 职业拳击手 prizewinning adj 获奖的,得奖的
▪ She won first prize in the contest.
她在比赛中获一等奖。
▪ Freedom is a prize worth fighting for.
自由是值得争取的珍宝。
▪ He prized the old watch above all.
他把那块旧表看得比什么都重。
▪ The prize bull stood in the field.
获奖的公牛站在田野里。
定价;动作
appraise(估价/评估)+-al(-ālia 动作/结果名词)。
名 估价、评估;鉴定、(绩效)考核
▪ The bank ordered an appraisal of the house.
银行下令对房屋进行估价。
▪ She gave an honest appraisal of the work.
她对这项工作做了客观评价。
▪ The annual appraisal set new goals.
年度考核设定了新目标。
▪ The appraisal valued the car low.
评估把这辆车估得偏低。
ad- 去;preisier 定价<pretium
盎格鲁法语 appraiser<晚期拉丁 appretiare「定值」=ad-+pretium(价值);与 appreciate 同源,经法语磨损。
动 估价、评估;鉴定、评价(表现/质量)
衍
reappraisal n 重新估价,重新评估 reappraise v 重新估价,重新评估
▪ Experts appraised the painting at a million.
专家把这幅画估价为一百万。
▪ The manager appraised each employee fairly.
经理公正地考评每位员工。
▪ They appraised the damage after the storm.
他们评估了暴风雨后的损失。
▪ The jeweller appraised the necklace.
珠宝商鉴定了这条项链。
价值;估量
appreciate(估量、看出价值)+-able(-bilis 可…的)。
形 可察觉的、可观的、相当数量的
▪ There was an appreciable drop in temperature.
气温有明显下降。
▪ The plan made an appreciable difference.
这项计划带来了可观的改变。
▪ An appreciable amount of rain fell.
下了相当数量的雨。
▪ The improvement was barely appreciable.
改善几乎难以察觉。
估量
appreciable(可察觉的)+-ly(方式副词)。
副 明显地、可察觉地
▪ The weather cooled appreciably.
天气明显转凉。
▪ Sales rose appreciably in March.
三月销售额显著上升。
▪ The two samples differ appreciably.
这两个样本有明显差异。
▪ His health improved appreciably.
他的健康状况明显好转。
价值;被…的
appreciate(欣赏/感激)+-ed(过去分词形容词)。
形 受到赏识的、令人感激的
▪ She felt appreciated by her team.
她感到自己受到团队的赏识。
▪ The gift was deeply appreciated.
这份礼物令人深为感激。
▪ The appreciated artwork hung in the hall.
那件受珍视的艺术品挂在大厅里。
▪ At last his efforts were fully appreciated.
他的努力终于得到了充分认可。
价值;有…倾向的
appreciate(赏识)+-ive(-ivus 倾向于…的)。
形 有欣赏力的、表示感激的、赞赏的
▪ The appreciative audience cheered.
满怀赞赏的观众欢呼起来。
▪ She wrote an appreciative note.
她写了一封表示感激的便条。
▪ He is appreciative of good wine.
他懂得品鉴好酒。
▪ The appreciative customers returned often.
满意的顾客常来光顾。
down 向下;价值
晚期拉丁 depretiare「压低价格、贬值」=dē-(向下、降低)+pretium「价值」+-āre。
动 贬值、跌价;贬低、轻视
衍
depreciation n 贬值,跌价;折旧;贬低
▪ New cars depreciate fast.
新车贬值很快。
▪ Critics should not depreciate honest effort.
评论家不应贬低真诚的努力。
▪ The currency depreciated against the dollar.
该货币对美元贬值。
▪ The machine depreciates over ten years.
这台机器在十年内折旧。
向下;价值
depreciate(贬值)+-ion(-tiō 动作名词)。
名 贬值、跌价;折旧;贬低
▪ The report lists depreciation of the equipment.
报告列出了设备的折旧。
▪ Currency depreciation raised import prices.
货币贬值推高了进口价格。
▪ He felt the depreciation of his role.
他感到自己的作用被贬低。
▪ The depreciation of the car was steep.
这辆车贬值很快。
过度
overprice(定价过高)+-ed(过去分词形容词)。
形 定价过高的、太贵的
▪ The restaurant was overpriced and dull.
这家餐馆又贵又难吃。
▪ The overpriced hotel lost guests.
定价过高的酒店失去了客人。
▪ The shoes were overpriced for their quality.
这双鞋就其质量而言太贵。
▪ Buyers avoided the overpriced flats.
买家回避那些定价过高的公寓。
赞扬;值得
praise(赞扬)+worthy(值得…的)。
形 值得称赞的、可嘉的
▪ Her effort was praiseworthy.
她的努力值得称赞。
▪ The praiseworthy project helped many families.
这项值得嘉许的工程帮助了许多家庭。
▪ His honesty is praiseworthy.
他的诚实可嘉。
▪ The praiseworthy rescue team received medals.
这支值得表彰的救援队获得了奖章。
价格;多…的
price(价格)+-y(-ig 多…的、有…性质的)。
形 昂贵的、价钱高的
▪ The café is a bit pricey for students.
这家咖啡馆对学生来说有点贵。
▪ She chose a pricey bottle of wine.
她挑了一瓶价格不菲的葡萄酒。
▪ The pricey suit lasted ten years.
这套昂贵的西装穿了十年。
▪ The menu looked pricey at first glance.
菜单乍一看价钱很高。
价值
un-(否定)+appreciated(受赏识的)。
形 未被赏识的、无人领情的
▪ She felt unappreciated at work.
她觉得自己在工作中不被赏识。
▪ His quiet help went unappreciated for years.
他默默的帮助多年无人领情。
▪ The unappreciated artist almost gave up.
这位不被赏识的艺术家差点放弃。
▪ Many unappreciated dishes deserve praise.
许多被冷落的菜肴值得称赞。
赞赏地、感激地
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
副 赞赏地、感激地
▪ The team appreciatively finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前赞赏地完成了任务。
▪ She appreciatively checked the results and then signed the form.
她赞赏地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were appreciatively changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被赞赏地修改了。
▪ He spoke appreciatively so that everyone could understand.
他赞赏地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
欣赏者、鉴赏者、知音
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
名 欣赏者、鉴赏者、知音
▪ The appreciator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位欣赏者比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained appreciator knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的欣赏者知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced appreciator for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的欣赏者。
▪ The appreciator answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,欣赏者回答了记者的提问。
贬低的、轻视的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 贬低的、轻视的
▪ The new rule will be depreciative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是贬低的。
▪ They considered the plan depreciative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是贬低的。
▪ The manager gave a depreciative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个贬低的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be depreciative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是贬低的的。
贬低的、轻视的;贬值的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 贬低的、轻视的;贬值的
▪ The new rule will be depreciatory for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是贬低的。
▪ They considered the plan depreciatory after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是贬低的。
▪ The manager gave a depreciatory answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个贬低的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be depreciatory before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是贬低的的。
微不足道的、难以察觉的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 微不足道的、难以察觉的
▪ The new rule will be inappreciable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是微不足道的。
▪ They considered the plan inappreciable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是微不足道的。
▪ The manager gave a inappreciable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个微不足道的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be inappreciable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是微不足道的的。
珍贵地、过分讲究地
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
副 珍贵地、过分讲究地
▪ The team preciously finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前珍贵地完成了任务。
▪ She preciously checked the results and then signed the form.
她珍贵地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were preciously changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被珍贵地修改了。
▪ He spoke preciously so that everyone could understand.
他珍贵地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
珍贵、宝贵;(言语)雕琢、矫揉
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
名 珍贵、宝贵;(言语)雕琢、矫揉
▪ The whole preciousness took several hours to complete.
整个珍贵过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper preciousness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的珍贵至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of preciousness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了珍贵的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the preciousness.
经理就珍贵写了一份清晰的报告。
宝石)半宝石的、次贵重的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 宝石)半宝石的、次贵重的
▪ The new rule will be semiprecious for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是半宝石的。
▪ They considered the plan semiprecious after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是半宝石的。
▪ The manager gave a semiprecious answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个半宝石的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be semiprecious before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是半宝石的的。
不赏识的、不领情的、没有鉴赏力的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 不赏识的、不领情的、没有鉴赏力的
▪ The new rule will be unappreciative for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不赏识的。
▪ They considered the plan unappreciative after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不赏识的。
▪ The manager gave a unappreciative answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不赏识的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be unappreciative before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不赏识的的。
无价、极珍贵;滑稽透顶
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
名 无价、极珍贵;滑稽透顶
▪ The whole pricelessness took several hours to complete.
整个无价过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper pricelessness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的无价至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of pricelessness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了无价的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the pricelessness.
经理就无价写了一份清晰的报告。
职业拳击手(历史用语)
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
名 职业拳击手(历史用语)
▪ The prizefighter arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位职业拳击手比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained prizefighter knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的职业拳击手知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced prizefighter for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的职业拳击手。
▪ The prizefighter answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,职业拳击手回答了记者的提问。
获奖的、得奖的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 获奖的、得奖的
▪ The new rule will be prizewinning for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是获奖的。
▪ They considered the plan prizewinning after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是获奖的。
▪ The manager gave a prizewinning answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个获奖的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be prizewinning before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是获奖的的。
对…定价过低、压低价格
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
名 对…定价过低、压低价格
▪ The underprice is widely used in this kind of work.
对…定价过低在这类工作中被广泛使用。
▪ Please keep the underprice in a safe place after use.
用后请把对…定价过低放在安全的地方。
▪ The team moved the underprice to the entrance of the building.
团队把对…定价过低搬到了大楼入口。
▪ You can find a reliable underprice at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的对…定价过低。
估价师、评估人、鉴定人
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
名 估价师、评估人、鉴定人
▪ The appraiser arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位估价师比平时更早到了办公室。
▪ A trained appraiser knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的估价师知道如何处理这类问题。
▪ They hired an experienced appraiser for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的估价师。
▪ The appraiser answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,估价师回答了记者的提问。
过度赞扬、吹捧
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
动 过度赞扬、吹捧
▪ The manager decided to overpraise the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前过度赞扬这个问题。
▪ She will overpraise the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去过度赞扬这项任务。
▪ They need to overpraise the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要过度赞扬这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to overpraise the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就过度赞扬了计划。
赞不绝口的、颂扬的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 赞不绝口的、颂扬的
▪ The new rule will be praiseful for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是赞不绝口的。
▪ They considered the plan praiseful after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是赞不绝口的。
▪ The manager gave a praiseful answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个赞不绝口的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be praiseful before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是赞不绝口的的。
值得称赞地、可嘉地
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
副 值得称赞地、可嘉地
▪ The team praiseworthily finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前值得称赞地完成了任务。
▪ She praiseworthily checked the results and then signed the form.
她值得称赞地核对了结果,然后签了表。
▪ The rules were praiseworthily changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被值得称赞地修改了。
▪ He spoke praiseworthily so that everyone could understand.
他值得称赞地发言,好让每个人都听懂。
值得称赞、可嘉
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
名 值得称赞、可嘉
▪ The whole praiseworthiness took several hours to complete.
整个值得称赞过程花了好几个小时才完成。
▪ Proper praiseworthiness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的值得称赞至关重要。
▪ The team studied the process of praiseworthiness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了值得称赞的过程。
▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the praiseworthiness.
经理就值得称赞写了一份清晰的报告。
重新估价、重新评估
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
动 重新估价、重新评估
▪ The manager decided to reappraise the problem before the meeting.
经理决定在会前重新估价这个问题。
▪ She will reappraise the task after the new plan is ready.
新计划准备好后她会去重新估价这项任务。
▪ They need to reappraise the materials before the class begins.
上课前他们需要重新估价这些材料。
▪ Nobody expected him to reappraise the plan so quickly.
没人料到他这么快就重新估价了计划。
不牢靠,不稳当的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 不牢靠,不稳当的
▪ The new rule will be precarious for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不牢靠。
▪ They considered the plan precarious after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不牢靠。
▪ The manager gave a precarious answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不牢靠的答复。
▪ Every solution must be precarious before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不牢靠的。
祈求的,恳求的
拉丁词根 preci 派生:preci
形 祈求的,恳求的
▪ The new rule will be precatory for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是祈求的。
▪ They considered the plan precatory after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是祈求的。
▪ The manager gave a precatory answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个祈求的的答复。
▪ Every solution must be precatory before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是祈求的的。
考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS
price/prize/praise 是同根三形
拉丁 pretium 经古法 pris/prais 分别演化为 price(价格)、prize(奖品)、praise(赞扬);三者同出 pretium。
注意:appreciate 兼「涨价/赏识」
appreciāre「估价」在英语里同时有「赏识、感激」与「升值」;depreciate 是反义「贬值」。
词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE
PIE *per-(to sell, distribute)
│
└─ 拉丁 pretium · pretiī(第二变格,n)
├─ pretium(古法三形):price · prize · praise
├─ pretiōsus:precious
└─ appreciāre / depreciāre:appreciate · depreciate
证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD
判定 preci- 同族,三形古法演变是关键。
preti-
price/prize/praise/precious 同出 pretium。
pretium→pris/prais
经古法三形分化。
闭环
本页词皆由 preti-+-ous/-ate 生成。
外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES
L · 拉丁 pretium(价值)
preti-
price · prize · praise · precious · appreciate
G · 希腊—
—
希腊无同形借词
一屏速记 · 40 词
动欣赏、赏识;感激;意识到、领会;增值、涨价
构ap-+preci+-ate
例i appreciate your help greatly
名欣赏、赏识;感激;理解、评价;增值
构ap-+preci+-ation
例she showed her appreciation with a gift
动赞扬、表扬、赞美
构praise
例the teacher praised the students
形珍贵的、宝贵的;珍爱的;(口)十足的
构preci-+-ous
例time is precious when you travel
名价格、价钱;代价;v. 给…定价
构price
例the price of bread rose again
形无价的、极珍贵的;(口)极可笑的
构price+-less
例the museum holds priceless paintings
名奖品、奖金;值得争取之物;adj. 获奖的、一流的;v. 珍视
构prize
例she won first prize in the contest
名估价、评估;鉴定、(绩效)考核
构ap-+praise+-al
例the bank ordered an appraisal of the house
动估价、评估;鉴定、评价(表现/质量)
构ap-+praise
例experts appraised the painting at a million
形可察觉的、可观的、相当数量的
构ap-+preci+-able
例there was an appreciable drop in temperature
副明显地、可察觉地
构ap-+preci+-able+-ly。
例the weather cooled appreciably
形受到赏识的、令人感激的
构ap-+preci+-ate+-ed
例she felt appreciated by her team
形有欣赏力的、表示感激的、赞赏的
构ap-+preci+-at-+-ive
例the appreciative audience cheered
动贬值、跌价;贬低、轻视
构de-+preci+-ate
例new cars depreciate fast
名贬值、跌价;折旧;贬低
构de-+preci+-ation。
例the report lists depreciation of the equipment
形定价过高的、太贵的
构over-+price+-ed。
例the restaurant was overpriced and dull
形值得称赞的、可嘉的
构praise+worth+-y。
例her effort was praiseworthy
形昂贵的、价钱高的
构price+-y
例the café is a bit pricey for students
形未被赏识的、无人领情的
构un-+ap-+preci+-ated。
例she felt unappreciated at work
副 赞赏地、感激地
源preci
构preci
例The team appreciatively finished the task before the deadline.
名 欣赏者、鉴赏者、知音
源preci
构preci
例The appreciator arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 贬低的、轻视的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be depreciative for everyone in the group.
形 贬低的、轻视的;贬值的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be depreciatory for everyone in the group.
形 微不足道的、难以察觉的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be inappreciable for everyone in the group.
副 珍贵地、过分讲究地
源preci
构preci
例The team preciously finished the task before the deadline.
名 珍贵、宝贵;(言语)雕琢、矫揉
源preci
构preci
例The whole preciousness took several hours to complete.
形 宝石)半宝石的、次贵重的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be semiprecious for everyone in the group.
形 不赏识的、不领情的、没有鉴赏力的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be unappreciative for everyone in the group.
名 无价、极珍贵;滑稽透顶
源preci
构preci
例The whole pricelessness took several hours to complete.
名 职业拳击手(历史用语)
源preci
构preci
例The prizefighter arrived at the office earlier than usual.
形 获奖的、得奖的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be prizewinning for everyone in the group.
名 对…定价过低、压低价格
源preci
构preci
例The underprice is widely used in this kind of work.
名 估价师、评估人、鉴定人
源preci
构preci
例The appraiser arrived at the office earlier than usual.
动 过度赞扬、吹捧
源preci
构preci
例The manager decided to overpraise the problem before the meeting.
形 赞不绝口的、颂扬的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be praiseful for everyone in the group.
副 值得称赞地、可嘉地
源preci
构preci
例The team praiseworthily finished the task before the deadline.
名 值得称赞、可嘉
源preci
构preci
例The whole praiseworthiness took several hours to complete.
动 重新估价、重新评估
源preci
构preci
例The manager decided to reappraise the problem before the meeting.
形 不牢靠,不稳当的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be precarious for everyone in the group.
形 祈求的,恳求的
源preci
构preci
例The new rule will be precatory for everyone in the group.
跨语族导航 NAVIGATION
preci 为拉丁本族根,无已确认独立 G/N 页。
G 篇待补 · —
N 篇待补 · —

