借词博览 B040・古诺斯语日常词 Old Norse

英语借词博览 · 北日耳曼 · 古诺斯语
1/10
ill/ɪl/
adj. 生病的;坏的
借源 · 词源旅程
ON illr
约 1200 年自古诺斯语 illr「坏、难、恶」入英,本义即「恶」,与英语本族词 evil 并非同源;现代「生病」义由「坏的、有害的」引申而来。

She felt ill after eating the spoiled fish.
她吃了变质的鱼后觉得不舒服。

The doctor told him to stay home while he was ill.
医生让他生病期间待在家里。

Many people are ill at ease in front of a large crowd.
很多人在一大群人面前会感到不自在。

The company ignored the ill effects of its decision.
公司无视了自己决定带来的恶劣后果。

2/10
awe/ɔː/
n. 敬畏;惊叹
借源 · 词源旅程
ON agi
约 1200 年出 aue,源自斯堪的纳维亚语,古诺斯语 agi「恐惧、惊慌」,可上溯原始印欧语 *agh-es-;词义由「恐惧」弱化为「敬畏兼惊叹」。

We stared in awe at the snow-capped mountains.
我们敬畏地望着积雪覆盖的群山。

The child stood in awe before the tall statue.
孩子在高大的雕像前肃然起敬。

The view from the cliff filled us with awe.
悬崖边的景色让我们满心惊叹。

Her awe-inspiring performance brought the house down.
她那令人惊叹的演出赢得满堂彩。

3/10
awkward/ˈɔːkwərd/
adj. 笨拙的;尴尬的
借源 · 词源旅程
ON ǫfugr + OE -weard
中世纪英语 awk「反手的、方向反的」借自古诺斯语 ǫfugr「向后转、倒逆」,加英语本族后缀 -weard「方向」;16 世纪起由「方向反了」引申为「笨拙、尴尬」。

There was an awkward silence after his rude joke.
他那个粗鲁的笑话之后是一阵尴尬的沉默。

He felt awkward about forgetting her name.
他因为忘了她的名字而感到难为情。

The box was too awkward to carry through the door.
这箱子形状别扭,搬不过门去。

She asked an awkward question in the middle of dinner.
她在晚饭中间问了个令人难堪的问题。

4/10
skill/skɪl/
n. 技能;本领
借源 · 词源旅程
ON skil
12 世纪自古诺斯语 skil「分辨、辨别力」,与 skilja「分开、区分」同源;由「能分辨」引申为「辨别力」,再到现代「技能、本领」。

Communication skills are as important as technical knowledge.
沟通技巧和技术知识同样重要。

It takes years of practice to master this skill.
掌握这项技能需要多年练习。

The job requires excellent computer skills.
这份工作要求出色的计算机技能。

She has great skill at handling difficult customers.
她很善于应付难缠的顾客。

5/10
thrust/θrʌst/
v./n. 猛推;刺
借源 · 词源旅程
ON þrysta
约 1200 年出 thristen,源自斯堪的纳维亚语,古诺斯语 þrysta「压、推、挤」;本义「用力推压」,名词「推力」为后起义。

He thrust the door open and rushed out.
他猛地推开门冲了出去。

She thrust the letter into her pocket.
她把信一把塞进口袋。

The sword thrust pierced the armor.
那一剑刺穿了盔甲。

The main thrust of the proposal is to cut costs.
这项提案的主旨是削减成本。

6/10
window/ˈwɪndoʊ/
n. 窗户
借源 · 词源旅程
ON vindauga
约 1200 年自古诺斯语 vindauga=vindr「风」+auga「眼」,逐字即「风眼」;维京人用这个词取代了古英语本族词 eagþyrl「眼洞」。

She opened the window to let in some fresh air.
她打开窗户透透气。

A cat was sitting on the window ledge.
一只猫坐在窗台上。

We have a small window of time to finish the project.
我们只有一小段时间完成这个项目。

They went window shopping on Saturday afternoon.
他们周六下午逛街看橱窗。

7/10
ransack/ˈrænsæk/
v. 洗劫;彻底搜查
借源 · 词源旅程
ON rannsaka
13 世纪自古诺斯语 ransaka=rann「屋子」+saka「搜寻」,本义「搜屋(找赃物)」;由「翻遍屋子」引申为「洗劫、彻底搜查」。

Burglars ransacked the house while the family was away.
家人不在时窃贼把屋子翻了个底朝天。

Police ransacked the apartment for evidence.
警方为找证据把公寓彻底搜查了一遍。

The storm ransacked the coastal village.
风暴把沿海村庄洗劫一空。

He ransacked his bag looking for the keys.
他把包翻了个遍找钥匙。

8/10
want/wɑːnt/
v. 想要;缺乏
借源 · 词源旅程
ON vanta
约 1200 年自古诺斯语 vanta「缺乏、缺少」,最初是「缺、不够」之义;直到 17 世纪才由「缺乏」转成现代高频的「想要、希望」。

I want to learn how to play the guitar.
我想学弹吉他。

The plants died for want of water.
这些植物因缺水而枯死。

You are wanted on the phone.
有你的电话。

The ad says they want a fluent Spanish speaker.
招聘广告说他们想要一个西班牙语流利的人。

9/10
thursday/ˈθɜːzdeɪ/
n. 星期四
借源 · 词源旅程
ON Þórsdagr
古英语原作 Þunresdæg「雷神之日」,受古诺斯语 Þórsdagr 影响定型,纪念北欧雷神 Thor;与拉丁语 Iovis dies「木星日」同为星期命名中的神名遗留。

We have our weekly meeting every Thursday.
我们每周四开例会。

The package is expected to arrive next Thursday.
包裹预计下周四到。

Thursday is named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.
星期四以北欧雷神 Thor 命名。

She usually does her grocery shopping on Thursday evening.
她通常周四晚上去买菜。

10/10
bylaw/ˈbaɪlɔː/
n. 地方法规;细则
借源 · 词源旅程
ON bylög
自古诺斯语 bylög=býr「镇、定居点」+lög「法律」,即「市镇之法」;英国地名 Derby、Rugby、Grimesby 里的 -by 都是这个「镇」。

The club’s bylaws set out how officers are elected.
俱乐部章程写明了干部如何选举。

The city passed a new bylaw on noise after midnight.
市议会通过了一项关于午夜后噪音的新地方法规。

He was fined under a local bylaw for parking on the grass.
他因在草地上停车,依据地方细则被罚了款。

According to the bylaws, members must pay dues yearly.
根据章程,会员必须每年缴纳会费。

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