英语借词博览 · 罗曼语 · 盎格鲁法语（法律政体层）
1/10
justice/ˈdʒʌstɪs/
n. 正义；司法
借源 · 词源旅程
OF justice ← L iustitia
12 世纪自古法语 justice 借入，源头拉丁语 iustitia「公正」，由 ius「法、权利」派生；诺曼征服后成为英国法律与政府核心词。
The court’s ruling was hailed as a victory for justice.
法院的裁决被视为正义的胜利。
They marched to demand social justice.
他们游行要求社会正义。
The justice system needs more funding.
司法系统需要更多资金。
He was treated with a sense of justice and fairness.
他得到了公正公平的对待。
2/10
jury/ˈdʒʊri/
n. 陪审团
借源 · 词源旅程
AF jurée ← ML iurata
14 世纪自盎格鲁法语 jurée「宣誓后的调查或裁断」，中世纪拉丁 iurata「宣誓（之事）」，由 iurare「发誓」派生。
The jury found the defendant not guilty.
陪审团裁定被告无罪。
She had to serve on a jury last month.
她上个月得去当陪审员。
Trial by jury is a right in many democracies.
陪审团审判是许多民主国家公民的权利。
The jury deliberated for three days.
陪审团评议了三天。
3/10
judge/dʒʌdʒ/
n./v. 法官；判断
借源 · 词源旅程
AF juger ← L iudicare
约 1200 年自盎格鲁法语 juger「审判、裁断」，源头拉丁语 iudicare＝ius「法」＋dicere「说」，即「依法裁断」。
The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.
法官判他五年监禁。
Don’t judge a book by its cover.
别以封面评判一本书（勿以貌取人）。
It is too early to judge the results.
现在评判结果还为时过早。
She was a fair and wise judge.
她是一位公正而英明的法官。
4/10
court/kɔːrt/
n. 法院；宫廷；球场
借源 · 词源旅程
OF cort ← L cohortem
12 世纪末自古法语 cort「王庭、院落」，源头拉丁 cohors「围场、扈从」，与 cohort「一群人」同源；由「王宫院落」引申出「宫廷」与「法院」。
The case will go to court next month.
案子下个月开庭。
The tennis court is already booked.
网球场已经被订了。
The court issued a restraining order.
法院签发了限制令。
Photographers gathered outside the royal court.
摄影师聚集在王宫外面。
5/10
prison/ˈprɪzn/
n. 监狱
借源 · 词源旅程
OF prisoun ← VL *prensionem
古英语晚期自古法语 prisoun 借入，俗拉丁 *prensionem「被抓住」，源出 prehendere「抓取」；本义即「被抓住关押之所」。
He was sent to prison for ten years.
他被关进监狱十年。
Conditions in the prison were appalling.
监狱里的条件糟透了。
She visited her brother in prison every month.
她每个月去监狱探望弟弟。
The prison sentence was reduced on appeal.
上诉后刑期被减刑。
6/10
army/ˈɑːrmi/
n. 军队
借源 · 词源旅程
OF armee ← ML armata
14 世纪末自古法语 armée「武装部队」，中世纪拉丁 armata「（被）武装（起来的队伍）」，由 armare「武装」派生。
He joined the army right after high school.
他高中一毕业就参了军。
The army was deployed along the border.
军队部署在边境一线。
An army of volunteers cleaned up the park.
一大群志愿者清理了公园。
The general led his army into battle.
将军率领部队投入战斗。
7/10
royal/ˈrɔɪəl/
adj. 王室的；皇家的
借源 · 词源旅程
OF roial ← L regalis
13 世纪自古法语 roial，源头拉丁 regalis「国王的」，由 rex「王」派生；英语本族词 king 指「王」，royal 则是诺曼人带来的「王的」。
The royal family lives in the palace.
王室一家住在王宫里。
They received a royal welcome.
他们受到了盛大的欢迎。
The royal wedding was watched by millions.
数百万观众收看了皇家婚礼。
The building houses the royal collection.
这座建筑收藏着皇家藏品。
8/10
parliament/ˈpɑːrləmənt/
n. 议会
借源 · 词源旅程
OF parlement ← parler
约 1300 年自古法语 parlement「说话、会谈」，由 parler「说」派生；最初指「谈话会议」，后专指英国议会。
Parliament voted on the new tax bill.
议会就新税案进行了投票。
Members of Parliament debated late into the night.
议员们辩论到深夜。
The parliament was dissolved before the election.
选举前议会被解散。
She was elected to parliament in 2019.
她于 2019 年当选为议会议员。
9/10
treason/ˈtriːzn/
n. 叛国；背信
借源 · 词源旅程
AF treson ← L traditionem
约 1200 年自盎格鲁法语 treson，源头拉丁 traditio「交付、交出」，由 tradere「交出」派生；由「交付（国家）于敌」引申为叛国。
He was charged with treason for selling secrets.
他因出卖机密被控叛国。
Committing treason is punishable by death.
叛国罪可判死刑。
The general was accused of treason against the crown.
将军被控背叛王室。
She saw the betrayal as a personal treason.
她把这次背叛看作个人的背信弃义。
10/10
felony/ˈfeləni/
n. 重罪
借源 · 词源旅程
OF felonie ← VL *fellonia
约 1300 年自古法语 felonie「恶行、重罪」，俗拉丁 *fellonia；与 felon「重罪犯」同源，是英美法中区别于 misdemeanor「轻罪」的重罪层级。
Armed robbery is a felony in most states.
持械抢劫在多数州属重罪。
He was convicted of felony theft.
他被判重罪盗窃罪成立。
A felony conviction can cost you the right to vote.
重罪定罪可能剥夺选举权。
The prosecutor upgraded the charge to a felony.
检察官把指控升格为重罪。
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