拉丁字根 L117・solut

LATIN ROOT · L117 · 拉丁字根

solv / solut松开 · 溶解

PIE root *se- + *leu-「to loosen」

语源:拉丁借词(solvere/solūtus,多经古法语)
拉丁第三变位:solvō · solvere · solvī · solūtus
共时词族:见 cards

同源词跨语言对照 COGNATES ACROSS LANGUAGES

solvere 是第三变位动词「松开」;完成分词 solūtus 给 solution/dissolve/resolve。

L · LATIN 拉丁(本根)

*se-+*leu- → Latin solvere「to loosen」,分词 solūtus

solvere / solūt-

solve · solution · dissolve · resolve · absolve · solvent(详见本页)

G · GREEK 希腊

无同形希腊借词

—

希腊「松」另属

N · GERMANIC 日耳曼

日耳曼无此根本族词

—

英语本族 loose 另属 *leu-

solvere 复合词弱化为 -solvere/-solūt-:dis-/re-/ab-/ē-+solvere,分词 solūtus。

solvere 的完成 solvī、分词 solūtus(-t-);dissolvère「松开分开」→dissolve。

词根的三词干 THREE STEMS OF THE LATIN VERB

solvere 是第三变位动词,三词干;英语借词多取分词词干 solūt- 与现在词干 -solve。

PRESENT 现在词干

solv-

solvō / solvere|第三变位

solve · dissolve · resolve · absolve

PERFECT 完成词干

solv-

solvī|无元音变化

拉丁完成:solvī「我松开了」

PARTICIPLE 分词词干

solūt-

solūtus|完成分词 -ūtus(-t-)

solution · soluble · dissolute · resolute

音变小注 SOUND CHANGES

从拉丁 solvere/solūtus 到现代英语各词,关键形态—语音调整。

①solvere→solve

拉丁 solvere→solve /sɑːlv/。

②solūtiō→solution

拉丁 solūtiō→solution /səˈluːʃn/。

③dis-+solvere

dissolvere→dissolve /dɪˈzɑːlv/。

④re-+solvere

resolvere→resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/。

形态纵深 MORPHOLOGY

solvō 是第三变位动词;分词 solūtus 是借入点;复合 dis-/re-/ab-/ē-。

现在 1sg

solvō

我松开

现在不定式

solvere

to loosen

完成 1sg

solvī

我松了

目的分词

solūtum

分词词干 solūt-

现在时变位 · 第三变位(连接元音 -e-/-i-/-u-)

人称 主动 词结构 义
1 sg solvō solv-ō 我松
2 sg solvis solv-is 你松
3 sg solvit solv-it 他松
1 pl solvimus solv-imus 我们松
3 pl solvunt solv-unt 他们松

入英路径 · 拉丁 → 古法语 → 英语

英语词 拉丁 古法语 入英年代
solve solvere — 15 世纪(书面)
dissolve dissolvere dissoudre 14 世纪
resolve resolvere resoudre 14 世纪
solution solūtiō solution 14 世纪

三个关键事实:① dissolve=dis-「分」+solvere「松开」→溶解;② resolve=re-「回」+solvere「松开重定」→决心/解决;③ absolve=ab-「离」+solvere「松开」→赦免。

-ion拉丁 -tiō:solution · resolution
-able拉丁 -ābilis:soluble · resolvable
-ute拉丁 -ūtus:resolute · dissolute
-or拉丁 -or:solvent

语义地图 SEMANTIC MAP

solvere 核心是「松开」,向「溶解」「解决」「赦免」引申。

松开

拉丁本义

→

解开、解决

solve

→

解答

solution
松开分开

dis-+solv-

→

溶解、解散

dissolve

→

溶解

dissolution
松开重定

re-+solv-

→

决心、解决

resolve

→

决心

resolution
松开离去

ab-+solv-

→

赦免、免除

absolve

→

赦免

absolution
习语(由「松」义推出):solve a problem「解决」· dissolve sugar「溶解糖」· resolve to do「决心」· absolve sb「赦免」。
absolute/ˈæbsəluːt/A
ab-solut-e。

离开;solūtus 松开的

拉丁 absolūtus「loosened, free, unrestricted, complete 松开的、不受约束的、完全的」(absolvere 的过去分词)=ab-+solvere。

形 绝对的、完全的;专制的;确定无疑的

▪ She has absolute trust in her partner.
她对伴侣绝对信任。

▪ The king held absolute power over the land.
国王对这片土地拥有绝对权力。

▪ There is no absolute truth in such matters.
这类事情没有绝对的真理。

▪ The noise was absolute silence compared to before.
和之前相比,现在安静极了。

absolutely/ˈæbsəluːtli/A
ab-solut-ly

离开;松开

absolute(绝对的)+-ly(副词后缀)。

副 绝对地、完全地;(口语)正是、当然

▪ The movie was absolutely wonderful.
这部电影简直太棒了。

▪ You are absolutely right about the timing.
关于时间,你说得完全对。

▪ I absolutely refuse to lie to my parents.
我绝对不对父母撒谎。

▪ The rules are absolutely clear to everyone.
规则对每个人都再清楚不过。

absolve/əbˈzɑːlv/A
ab-solv-e。

离开,b 在 s 前同化为 abs-;松开

拉丁 absolvere「to set free, acquit, complete 释放、宣告无罪、完成」=ab-(away 离开)+solvere「松开」。

动 赦免(罪责)、免除(义务/责任)

衍

absolution n 赦免,赦罪

▪ The court absolved him of all charges.
法庭宣判他无罪,免除一切指控。

▪ The priest absolved the sinner.
神父赦免了罪人的罪过。

▪ Nothing can absolve him of his duty.
没有什么能免除他的责任。

▪ She felt absolved after a sincere apology.
真诚道歉后,她感到如释重负。

dissolve/dɪˈzɑːlv/A
dis-solv-e。

分开;松开

拉丁 dissolvere「to loosen up, break apart 解开、拆散」=dis-(apart 分开)+solvere「松开」。

动 溶解;解散(议会/婚姻);消散

衍

dissoluble adj 可溶解的,可解除的 dissolute adj 放荡的,放纵的 dissolutely adv 放荡地 dissoluteness n 放荡,放纵 dissolution n 解散,解体,溶解

▪ dissolve the sugar in warm water.
把糖溶解在温水里。

▪ The parliament was dissolved before the election.
选举前议会被解散了。

▪ Her courage dissolved in the face of danger.
面对危险,她的勇气烟消云散。

▪ They dissolved their marriage after ten years.
十年后他们解除了婚姻关系。

resolve/rɪˈzɑːlv/A
re-solv-e。

再;彻底

拉丁 resolvere「to unfasten, loosen, explain 解开、松解、解释」=re-(加强/回)+solvere「松开」。

动 解决(争端/问题) 名 下定决心 名 作出决议 名 n. 决心

衍

unresolvable adj 无法解决的 unresolved adj 未解决的

▪ The two sides resolved their dispute through talks.
双方通过谈判解决了争端。

▪ She resolved to get up at six every day.
她下定决心每天六点起床。

▪ The board resolved to raise the budget.
董事会决议提高预算。

▪ His resolve never weakened despite the pain.
尽管痛苦,他的决心从未动摇。

solution/səˈluːʃn/A
solut-ion

solūtus 松开的;-tiō 行为

古法语 solution<拉丁 solūtiō(n-)「a loosening, solution, explanation 松解、解答」<solūtus(solvere 的过去分词)。

名 解决(办法)、答案;溶液;溶解

衍

solute n 溶质 solvation n 溶剂化

▪ There is no easy solution to the traffic problem.
交通问题没有简单的解决办法。

▪ We boiled a salt solution for the experiment.
我们为实验煮沸了一份盐溶液。

▪ The chemist tested the solution for acidity.
化学家检测溶液的酸度。

▪ Peaceful solutions are always preferable.
和平解决总是更可取。

solve/sɑːlv/A
solv-e

solvere 松开;词尾

拉丁 solvere「to loosen, untie, release, explain 松开、解开、释放、解释」=sē-(反身 *s(w)e- 自己)+luere「松开」(PIE *leu-)。

动 解决、解答;溶解

衍

unsolvable adj 无法解决的 unsolved adj 未解决的,未破案的

▪ The detective solved the case in a week.
侦探一周就破了案。

▪ We cannot solve every problem overnight.
我们无法一夜之间解决所有问题。

▪ Help me solve this math puzzle.
帮我解开这道数学谜题。

▪ Detergent helps solve the grease in the pan.
洗涤剂有助于溶解锅里的油污。

solvent/ˈsɑːlvənt/A
solv-ent

solvere 松开;清偿

拉丁 solventem(solvere 的现在分词)「loosening, paying 松解的、偿付的」<solvere。

名 溶剂;adj. 有偿付能力的

衍

solvency n 偿付能力 insolvent adj/n 无力偿债的,破产者 insolvency n 无力偿债,破产 insolvable adj 不能解决的,不可溶解的

▪ Acetone is a common industrial solvent.
丙酮是一种常见的工业溶剂。

▪ The firm stayed solvent through the recession.
这家公司在经济衰退期仍保持有偿付能力。

▪ Water is called the universal solvent.
水被称为万能溶剂。

▪ The company must remain solvent to pay its debts.
公司必须保持偿付能力才能还债。

absolution/ˌæbsəˈluːʃn/A
ab-solut-ion

离开;松开

拉丁 absolūtiō(n-)「acquittal, release 宣告无罪、释放」<absolvere「set free」。

名/( 罪责/义务的)赦免、宽恕;【宗】赦罪

▪ The priest granted him absolution.
神父给予他赦罪。

▪ He sought absolution for his past mistakes.
他为过去的过错寻求宽恕。

▪ The court offered absolution to the witness.
法庭免除了证人的责任。

▪ She felt a strange absolution after the confession.
忏悔之后她感到一种奇异的解脱。

dissolute/ˈdɪsəluːt/A
dis-solut-e。

分开;solūtus 松开的

拉丁 dissolūtus「loose, disconnected; careless, licentious 松散的、放纵的」(dissolvere 的过去分词)。

形 放荡的、放纵的、生活糜烂的

▪ The novel tells of a dissolute young heir.
小说讲的是一个放荡不羁的年轻继承人。

▪ His dissolute lifestyle ruined his health.
他糜烂的生活方式毁了健康。

▪ They led a dissolute life in the city.
他们在城市里过着放纵的生活。

▪ The reformer condemned dissolute habits.
这位改革者谴责放荡的习气。

dissolution/ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn/A
dis-solut-ion

分开;松开

古法语 dissolution<拉丁 dissolūtiō(n-)「a dissolving, breaking up」<dissolvere。

名 解散、解体;溶解;终结、消亡

▪ The dissolution of the empire took decades.
帝国的解体经历了数十年。

▪ Heat speeds the dissolution of the tablet.
加热会加快药片溶解。

▪ The treaty led to the dissolution of the alliance.
条约导致了联盟的解体。

▪ They filed for the dissolution of the firm.
他们申请解散公司。

insoluble/ɪnˈsɑːljəbl/A
in-solub-le

不;可溶

in-(not)+拉丁 solūbilis「可溶解的」(<solvere)。

形 不可溶的;无法解决的

▪ Sand is insoluble in water.
沙不溶于水。

▪ The detectives faced an apparently insoluble case.
侦探们面对一桩似乎无解的案子。

▪ The conflict seemed insoluble at first.
起初这场冲突似乎无法解决。

▪ Fat is insoluble in cold water.
脂肪在冷水中不溶解。

resolute/ˈrezəluːt/A
re-solut-e。

彻底;solūtus 松开的

拉丁 resolūtus「loosened, relaxed; determined」(resolvere 的过去分词),英语取「拿定主意」义。

形 坚决的、果断的、坚定的

衍

resolution n 决心,决议,解决,分辨率 irresolute adj 优柔寡断的 irresolutely adv 优柔寡断地 irresolution n 优柔寡断

▪ She remained resolute despite the warnings.
尽管有种种警告,她仍坚定不移。

▪ The soldiers were resolute in their defense.
士兵们坚定地守卫。

▪ He gave a resolute nod and marched on.
他果断地点了点头,继续前进。

▪ We need resolute action, not more talk.
我们需要坚决的行动,而不是空谈。

resolutely/ˈrezəluːtli/A
re-solut-ly

彻底;松开

resolute(坚决的)+-ly(副词后缀)。

副 坚决地、果断地

▪ She refused resolutely to give in.
她坚决拒绝让步。

▪ He resolutely defended his principles.
他坚定地捍卫自己的原则。

▪ They resolutely opposed the new law.
他们坚决反对新法律。

▪ She resolutely walked toward the stage.
她毅然走向舞台。

resolution/ˌrezəˈluːʃn/A
re-solut-ion

彻底;松开

拉丁 resolūtiō(n-)「a loosening, solution, reducing 松解、分解、解答」<resolvere。

名 决心;正式决议;解决;分辨率;清晰度

▪ He made a New Year resolution to exercise more.
他下了新年决心要多锻炼。

▪ The UN passed a resolution calling for peace.
联合国通过了一项呼吁和平的决议。

▪ The resolution of the crisis took months.
危机的解决花了好几个月。

▪ The monitor has a high screen resolution.
这台显示器的屏幕分辨率很高。

resolved/rɪˈzɑːlvd/A
re-solv-ed

彻底;松开

resolve(决心)的过去分词形容词化。

形 下定决心的、坚定的

▪ She was resolved to finish the race.
她下定决心跑完比赛。

▪ The issue is now resolved to the satisfaction of all.
问题现已解决,各方都满意。

▪ He stood resolved, waiting for the result.
他毅然站立,等待结果。

▪ They remained resolved despite heavy losses.
尽管损失惨重,他们仍意志坚定。

soluble/ˈsɑːljəbl/A
solub-le

solūbilis 可溶的

古法语 soluble<拉丁 solūbilis「that can be loosened/dissolved 可松解、可溶解的」<solvere。

形 可溶的;可解决的

衍

solubility n 可溶性,溶解度 insoluble adj 不可溶的,无法解决的 insolubility n 不可溶性,难解

▪ Vitamin C is soluble in water.
维生素C可溶于水。

▪ The problem proved more soluble than expected.
这个问题比预想的更容易解决。

▪ Sugar is soluble in hot tea.
糖在热茶中会溶解。

▪ We need a soluble and fair answer.
我们需要一个可行而公平的答案。

solver/ˈsɑːlvər/A
solv-er

松开;…者

solve(解决)+-er(施事后缀)。

名 解决者、解答者;解题程序

▪ She is a great solver of puzzles.
她特别擅长解谜题。

▪ Install the equation solver on your phone.
在手机上装一个方程求解程序。

▪ The team hired a problem solver.
团队聘请了一位解决问题的能手。

▪ A creative solver finds hidden shortcuts.
有创意的解题者能发现隐藏的捷径。

unresolved/ˌʌnrɪˈzɑːlvd/A
un-re-solv-ed。

未;彻底

un-(not)+resolved(已解决的)。

形 未解决的、未化解的;未下决心的

▪ The dispute remains unresolved after years.
多年过去,争端仍未解决。

▪ She left the question unresolved in her mind.
她心里那个问题仍悬而未决。

▪ There are several unresolved issues on the list.
清单上还有几个未解决的问题。

▪ The murder case went unresolved for decades.
这桩谋杀案数十年未破。

unsolved/ʌnˈsɑːlvd/A
un-solv-ed

未;松开

un-(not)+solved(solve 的过去分词)。

形 未解决的、未破案的

▪ The police closed the unsolved file.
警方把这起悬案归档了。

▪ Many mysteries of the deep sea remain unsolved.
深海的许多谜团仍未解开。

▪ He left the unsolved equation on the board.
他把未解的方程留在黑板上。

▪ The unsolved robbery still haunts the town.
那起未破的抢劫案仍困扰着小镇。

dissolvable/dɪˈzɑːlvəbl/C
solv/solut

可溶解的、可解散的

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

形 可溶解的、可解散的

▪ The new rule will be dissolvable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可溶解的。

▪ They considered the plan dissolvable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可溶解的。

▪ The manager gave a dissolvable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可溶解的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be dissolvable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可溶解的的。

insolvable/ɪnˈsɑːlvəbl/C
solv/solut

不能解决的、不可解释的(罕,多作 insoluble)

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

形 不能解决的、不可解释的(罕,多作 insoluble)

▪ The new rule will be insolvable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不能解决的。

▪ They considered the plan insolvable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不能解决的。

▪ The manager gave a insolvable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不能解决的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be insolvable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不能解决的的。

insolvency/ɪnˈsɑːlvənsi/B
solv/solut

无力偿债、破产

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 无力偿债、破产

▪ The whole insolvency took several hours to complete.
整个无力偿债过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper insolvency is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的无力偿债至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of insolvency with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了无力偿债的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the insolvency.
经理就无力偿债写了一份清晰的报告。

insolvent/ɪnˈsɑːlvənt/B
solv/solut

无力偿债的、破产的;破产者

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

形 无力偿债的、破产的;破产者

▪ The new rule will be insolvent for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是无力偿债的。

▪ They considered the plan insolvent after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是无力偿债的。

▪ The manager gave a insolvent answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个无力偿债的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be insolvent before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是无力偿债的的。

resolvable/rɪˈzɑːlvəbl/B
solv/solut

可解决的、可化解的;【光学】可分辨的

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

形 可解决的、可化解的;【光学】可分辨的

▪ The new rule will be resolvable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可解决的。

▪ They considered the plan resolvable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可解决的。

▪ The manager gave a resolvable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可解决的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be resolvable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可解决的的。

solvable/ˈsɑːlvəbl/B
solv/solut

可解决的、可解答的;可溶的

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

形 可解决的、可解答的;可溶的

▪ The new rule will be solvable for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是可解决的。

▪ They considered the plan solvable after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是可解决的。

▪ The manager gave a solvable answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个可解决的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be solvable before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是可解决的的。

solvation/sɑːlˈveɪʃn/C
solv/solut

化】溶剂化(溶质分子被溶剂分子结合的过程)

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 化】溶剂化(溶质分子被溶剂分子结合的过程)

▪ The whole solvation took several hours to complete.
整个化】溶剂化过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper solvation is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的化】溶剂化至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of solvation with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了化】溶剂化的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the solvation.
经理就化】溶剂化写了一份清晰的报告。

absoluteness/ˈæbsəluːtnəs/C
solv/solut

绝对性、完全;专制

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 绝对性、完全;专制

▪ The whole absoluteness took several hours to complete.
整个绝对性过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper absoluteness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的绝对性至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of absoluteness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了绝对性的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the absoluteness.
经理就绝对性写了一份清晰的报告。

absolutism/ˈæbsəluːˌtɪzəm/C
solv/solut

专制政体、绝对主义;【哲】绝对论

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 专制政体、绝对主义;【哲】绝对论

▪ The whole absolutism took several hours to complete.
整个专制政体过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper absolutism is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的专制政体至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of absolutism with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了专制政体的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the absolutism.
经理就专制政体写了一份清晰的报告。

absolutist/ˈæbsəluːtɪst/C
solv/solut

专制主义者(的)、绝对论者(的)

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 专制主义者(的)、绝对论者(的)

▪ The absolutist arrived at the office earlier than usual.
那位专制主义者比平时更早到了办公室。

▪ A trained absolutist knows how to handle this kind of problem.
训练有素的专制主义者知道如何处理这类问题。

▪ They hired an experienced absolutist for the new project.
他们为新项目雇了一位有经验的专制主义者。

▪ The absolutist answered the reporters’ questions after the event.
活动结束后,专制主义者回答了记者的提问。

dissolutely/ˈdɪsəluːtli/C
solv/solut

放荡地、放纵地

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

副 放荡地、放纵地

▪ The team dissolutely finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前放荡地完成了任务。

▪ She dissolutely checked the results and then signed the form.
她放荡地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were dissolutely changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被放荡地修改了。

▪ He spoke dissolutely so that everyone could understand.
他放荡地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

dissoluteness/ˈdɪsəluːtnəs/C
solv/solut

放荡、放纵、糜烂

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 放荡、放纵、糜烂

▪ The whole dissoluteness took several hours to complete.
整个放荡过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper dissoluteness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的放荡至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of dissoluteness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了放荡的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the dissoluteness.
经理就放荡写了一份清晰的报告。

indissoluble/ˌɪndɪˈsɑːljəbl/C
solv/solut

不可分解的;牢不可破的、不可撤销的

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

形 不可分解的;牢不可破的、不可撤销的

▪ The new rule will be indissoluble for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是不可分解的。

▪ They considered the plan indissoluble after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是不可分解的。

▪ The manager gave a indissoluble answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个不可分解的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be indissoluble before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是不可分解的的。

insolubility/ˌɪnsɑːljəˈbɪləti/C
solv/solut

不可溶性;难解

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 不可溶性;难解

▪ The whole insolubility took several hours to complete.
整个不可溶性过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper insolubility is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的不可溶性至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of insolubility with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了不可溶性的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the insolubility.
经理就不可溶性写了一份清晰的报告。

irresolute/ɪˈrezəluːt/B
solv/solut

优柔寡断的、犹豫不决的、不坚定的

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

形 优柔寡断的、犹豫不决的、不坚定的

▪ The new rule will be irresolute for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是优柔寡断的。

▪ They considered the plan irresolute after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是优柔寡断的。

▪ The manager gave a irresolute answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个优柔寡断的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be irresolute before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是优柔寡断的的。

irresolutely/ɪˈrezəluːtli/C
solv/solut

优柔寡断地、犹豫地

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

副 优柔寡断地、犹豫地

▪ The team irresolutely finished the task before the deadline.
团队在截止日前优柔寡断地完成了任务。

▪ She irresolutely checked the results and then signed the form.
她优柔寡断地核对了结果,然后签了表。

▪ The rules were irresolutely changed at the start of the year.
这些规则在年初被优柔寡断地修改了。

▪ He spoke irresolutely so that everyone could understand.
他优柔寡断地发言,好让每个人都听懂。

irresolution/ɪˌrezəˈluːʃn/B
solv/solut

优柔寡断、犹豫不决

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 优柔寡断、犹豫不决

▪ The whole irresolution took several hours to complete.
整个优柔寡断过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper irresolution is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的优柔寡断至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of irresolution with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了优柔寡断的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the irresolution.
经理就优柔寡断写了一份清晰的报告。

resoluteness/ˈrezəluːtnəs/C
solv/solut

坚定、果断、不动摇

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 坚定、果断、不动摇

▪ The whole resoluteness took several hours to complete.
整个坚定过程花了好几个小时才完成。

▪ Proper resoluteness is essential if the results are to be reliable.
若要结果可靠,恰当的坚定至关重要。

▪ The team studied the process of resoluteness with great care.
团队非常仔细地研究了坚定的过程。

▪ The manager wrote a clear report on the resoluteness.
经理就坚定写了一份清晰的报告。

loose/luːs/S 核心
solv/solut

松的、松散的、未系牢的;不严谨的;v. 松开、释放

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

形 松的、松散的、未系牢的;不严谨的;v. 松开、释放

▪ The new rule will be loose for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是松的。

▪ They considered the plan loose after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是松的。

▪ The manager gave a loose answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个松的的答复。

▪ Every solution must be loose before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是松的的。

lose/luːz/S 核心
solv/solut

失去、丢失;输掉;迷失

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:solv/solut

名 失去、丢失;输掉;迷失

▪ The lose is widely used in this kind of work.
失去在这类工作中被广泛使用。

▪ Please keep the lose in a safe place after use.
用后请把失去放在安全的地方。

▪ The team moved the lose to the entrance of the building.
团队把失去搬到了大楼入口。

▪ You can find a reliable lose at the shop near the station.
车站附近的店里能找到可靠的失去。

circumlunar/ˌsɜːkəmˈluːnə(r)/B
circum
lun
ar

环月,绕月的

拉丁词根 solv/solut 派生:circum + lun + ar

形 环月,绕月的

▪ The new rule will be circumlunar for everyone in the group.
新规则对组里每个人都将是环月。

▪ They considered the plan circumlunar after a long discussion.
经过长时间讨论,他们认为该计划是环月。

▪ The manager gave a circumlunar answer at the meeting.
经理在会上给出了一个环月的答复。

▪ Every solution must be circumlunar before it is approved.
每个方案在获批前都必须是环月的。

考辨与注意 NOTES & CAUTIONS

resolution 双义

resolution 兼指「决心」与「解决/分辨率」,都来自 re-+solvere「松开重定」。

注意:dissolute 是「放荡」

dissolūtus=dis-+solvere「松开」,原指「生活放纵」→放荡。

词源树 ETYMOLOGY TREE

PIE *se- + *leu-(to loosen)
│
└─ 拉丁 solvō · solvere · solvī · solūtus(第三变位)
   ├ -solve:solve · dissolve · resolve · absolve
   └ solūt-:solution · soluble · resolute · dissolute · solvent

证据与方法 EVIDENCE & METHOD

判定 solv-/solūt- 同族,复合词前缀是关键。

词形证据

solv-/solūt-

solve/dissolve 用 -solve,solution 用 solūt-。

音变证据

solūtus→solution

经法语 -ūtus→-ution。

共时词族

闭环

本页词皆由 solv-+dis-/re-/ab- 生成。

分词借入律:solvere 的英语借词分现在词干 -solve(dissolve)与分词 solūt-(solution)。

外围同源 EXTENDED COGNATES

L · 拉丁 solvere(松)

solv-/solūt-

solve · dissolve · resolve · absolve · solution

N · 日耳曼 loose(松)

lausaz

英语本族 loose 与 solvere 同 *leu- 远亲

一屏速记 · 41 词

absolute/ˈæbsəluːt/

形绝对的、完全的;专制的;确定无疑的

构ab-+solut+-e。

例she has absolute trust in her partner

absolutely/ˈæbsəluːtli/

副绝对地、完全地;(口语)正是、当然

构ab-+solut+-ly

例the movie was absolutely wonderful

absolve/əbˈzɑːlv/

动赦免(罪责)、免除(义务/责任)

构ab-+solv+-e。

例the court absolved him of all charges

dissolve/dɪˈzɑːlv/

动溶解;解散(议会/婚姻);消散

构dis-+solv+-e。

例dissolve the sugar in warm water

resolve/rɪˈzɑːlv/

动解决(争端/问题);名下定决心;名作出决议;名n. 决心

构re-+solv+-e。

例the two sides resolved their dispute through talks

solution/səˈluːʃn/

名解决(办法)、答案;溶液;溶解

构solut+-ion

例there is no easy solution to the traffic problem

solve/sɑːlv/

动解决、解答;溶解

构solv+-e

例the detective solved the case in a week

solvent/ˈsɑːlvənt/

名溶剂;adj. 有偿付能力的

构solv+-ent

例acetone is a common industrial solvent

absolution/ˌæbsəˈluːʃn/

名/(罪责/义务的)赦免、宽恕;【宗】赦罪

构ab-+solut+-ion

例the priest granted him absolution

dissolute/ˈdɪsəluːt/

形放荡的、放纵的、生活糜烂的

构dis-+solut+-e。

例the novel tells of a dissolute young heir

dissolution/ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn/

名解散、解体;溶解;终结、消亡

构dis-+solut+-ion

例the dissolution of the empire took decades

insoluble/ɪnˈsɑːljəbl/

形不可溶的;无法解决的

构in-+solub+-le

例sand is insoluble in water

resolute/ˈrezəluːt/

形坚决的、果断的、坚定的

构re-+solut+-e。

例she remained resolute despite the warnings

resolutely/ˈrezəluːtli/

副坚决地、果断地

构re-+solut+-ly

例she refused resolutely to give in

resolution/ˌrezəˈluːʃn/

名决心;正式决议;解决;分辨率;清晰度

构re-+solut+-ion

例he made a New Year resolution to exercise more

resolved/rɪˈzɑːlvd/

形下定决心的、坚定的

构re-+solv+-ed

例she was resolved to finish the race

soluble/ˈsɑːljəbl/

形可溶的;可解决的

构solub+-le

例vitamin C is soluble in water

solver/ˈsɑːlvər/

名解决者、解答者;解题程序

构solv+-er

例she is a great solver of puzzles

unresolved/ˌʌnrɪˈzɑːlvd/

形未解决的、未化解的;未下决心的

构un-+re-+solv+-ed。

例the dispute remains unresolved after years

unsolved/ʌnˈsɑːlvd/

形未解决的、未破案的

构un-+solv+-ed

例the police closed the unsolved file

dissolvable/dɪˈzɑːlvəbl/

形 可溶解的、可解散的

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The new rule will be dissolvable for everyone in the group.

insolvable/ɪnˈsɑːlvəbl/

形 不能解决的、不可解释的(罕,多作 insoluble)

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The new rule will be insolvable for everyone in the group.

insolvency/ɪnˈsɑːlvənsi/

名 无力偿债、破产

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The whole insolvency took several hours to complete.

insolvent/ɪnˈsɑːlvənt/

形 无力偿债的、破产的;破产者

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The new rule will be insolvent for everyone in the group.

resolvable/rɪˈzɑːlvəbl/

形 可解决的、可化解的;【光学】可分辨的

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The new rule will be resolvable for everyone in the group.

solvable/ˈsɑːlvəbl/

形 可解决的、可解答的;可溶的

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The new rule will be solvable for everyone in the group.

solvation/sɑːlˈveɪʃn/

名 化】溶剂化(溶质分子被溶剂分子结合的过程)

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The whole solvation took several hours to complete.

absoluteness/ˈæbsəluːtnəs/

名 绝对性、完全;专制

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The whole absoluteness took several hours to complete.

absolutism/ˈæbsəluːˌtɪzəm/

名 专制政体、绝对主义;【哲】绝对论

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The whole absolutism took several hours to complete.

absolutist/ˈæbsəluːtɪst/

名 专制主义者(的)、绝对论者(的)

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The absolutist arrived at the office earlier than usual.

dissolutely/ˈdɪsəluːtli/

副 放荡地、放纵地

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The team dissolutely finished the task before the deadline.

dissoluteness/ˈdɪsəluːtnəs/

名 放荡、放纵、糜烂

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The whole dissoluteness took several hours to complete.

indissoluble/ˌɪndɪˈsɑːljəbl/

形 不可分解的;牢不可破的、不可撤销的

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The new rule will be indissoluble for everyone in the group.

insolubility/ˌɪnsɑːljəˈbɪləti/

名 不可溶性;难解

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The whole insolubility took several hours to complete.

irresolute/ɪˈrezəluːt/

形 优柔寡断的、犹豫不决的、不坚定的

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The new rule will be irresolute for everyone in the group.

irresolutely/ɪˈrezəluːtli/

副 优柔寡断地、犹豫地

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The team irresolutely finished the task before the deadline.

irresolution/ɪˌrezəˈluːʃn/

名 优柔寡断、犹豫不决

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The whole irresolution took several hours to complete.

resoluteness/ˈrezəluːtnəs/

名 坚定、果断、不动摇

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The whole resoluteness took several hours to complete.

loose/luːs/

形 松的、松散的、未系牢的;不严谨的;v. 松开、释放

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The new rule will be loose for everyone in the group.

lose/luːz/

名 失去、丢失;输掉;迷失

源solv/solut

构solv/solut

例The lose is widely used in this kind of work.

circumlunar/ˌsɜːkəmˈluːnə(r)/

形 环月,绕月的

源circum + lun + ar

构circum + lun + ar

例The new rule will be circumlunar for everyone in the group.

跨语族导航 NAVIGATION

solv/solut 为拉丁本族根,无已确认独立 G/N 页。

本页 · L117 solv/solut
G 篇待补 · —
N 篇待补 · loose(*leu-)